Ottoman Brothers: Muslims, Christians, and Jews in Early Twentieth-Century Palestine (60 page)

^25.
October 13, 1908. ISA 67, peh/533:1491–93.

^26.
Al-Namura,
Al-Filastiniyun
, 200.

^27.
Ha-
erut
, September 29, 1909.

^28.
Al-Sakakini,
Kadha ana ya dunya
, October 8, 1908, entry, 39; and October 23, 1908, entry, 42–43. Al-Sakakini's account is similar in detail to the account given in Mango,
Atatürk
, 68.

^29.
Ha-
erut
, March 2 and May 21, 1909. ISA 67, peh/533:1491. ISA 67, peh/415: 26.

^30.
Darwaza,
Mudhakkirat
, 182; Kayali,
Arabs and Young Turks
, 63; Wallace, August 12, 1908.

^31.
Al-Sakakini,
Kadha ana ya dunya
, October 24, 1908, 43. Reported in
Ha-
vi
, cited in
Ha-‘Olam
, June 29, 1909. In 1909, Albert Antébi was told by members of the CUP that some new (as well as old) members were increasingly urging the CUP to “not neglect the danger which threatens the country and the peasants by Jewish immigration.” He reported that the northern Palestinian branches (Nazareth, Haifa, and Tiberias, along with Beirut) were the most virulent in their attacks. Albert Antébi to Brill, May 12, 1909. AAIU, Israel-IX.E.26.

^32.
Public demonstrations in Beirut and Damascus appealed to “friends” of
the Ottoman Empire to help it defend its rights. See
Al-Itti
ād al-‘Uthmānī
, October 14 and 17, 1908.

^33.
See Quataert, “Ottoman Boycott Against Austria-Hungary,” for a discussion of the boycott's development and implementation in Istanbul, Izmir and Trabzon. See also Çetinkaya, “Economic Boycott as a Political Weapon.” My thanks to Don Quataert for alerting me to and providing me with access to this unpublished source.

^34.
Quataert, “Ottoman Boycott Against Austria-Hungary,” 125.

^35.
ISA 67, peh/533: 1491–93. However a notice in
Al-Itti
ād al-‘Uthmānī
demanding that Beirut's merchants join the boycott shows that the boycott was not yet unanimous among merchants, nor was there a general agreement by the population.
Al-Itti
ād al-‘Uthmānī
, October 13, 1908. The newspaper did praise the Jaffans' national-patriotic devotion
(
amiyya wa
aniyya).
October 15, 1908.

^36.
Musallam, ed.,
Yawmiyat Khalil al-Sakakini
, 309.

^37.
Bulletin de la Chambre de commerce d'industrie et d'agriculture de Palestine (year 1, no. 6, December 1909), 6; JMA, 1779. March 1, 1912, Commerce and Industries—Jerusalem Consular District, calendar year of 1911; NACP, correspondence (January-July 1912), general correspondence, 1912–35, Jerusalem Consulate (350/26/11/1–2), records of the foreign service posts of the Department of State, record group 84. Egypt and the United Kingdom were the only two countries with which Jaffa had a positive trade balance. Gaza port, on the other hand, had an overall positive trade balance (4.5 million francs in imports and 7.8 million francs in exports).
Bulletin de la Chambre de commerce d'industrie et d'agriculture de Palestine
(year 1, no. 6, December 1909), 6. JMA, 1779.

^38.
ISA 67, peh/533: 1491–93.

^39.
ISA 67, peh/415: 31. Al-Sakakini mentioned this flyer in his memoirs. Musallam, ed.,
Yawmiyat Khalil al-Sakakini
, 314.

^40.
Rössler (Jaffa) to Marschall von Biebenstern (Istanbul), October 13, 1908. ISA 67, peh/415:31.

^41.
Wilhelm Steffan to Wenko, October 16, 1908. Document quoted in Eliav,
Be-
asut Austria
, and Eliav,
Österreich und das heilige Land
, 448–49. The Austrian post in Jerusalem brought in seven hundred thousand to eight hundred thousand francs every year, a notable sum. Eliav,
Österreich und das heilige Land
, 85.

^42.
Steffan to Wenko, October 16, 1908; Wenko (vice-consul in Jaffa) to the kaymakam (original in French), October 13, 1908. Original documents found in Eliav,
Österreich und das heilige Land
; and Eliav,
Be-
asut Austria
, 350.