Northmen: The Viking Saga AD 793-1241 (61 page)

papar
111, 118, 211

Poland

Scandinavian colony at Elblag 38

Pont de l’Arche 91, 92, 94

Pytheas of Massalia 9–12

Ragnald 73, 123, 149–50

Ragnar 88

Ragnar Lodbrok 50, 51, 88, 141, 169

raids 40, 42, 44, 46–7, 81 85, 332

Constantinople 197–9

Dublin 144

Dunkeld 122

England 252

Frisia 275

Hebrides 110

Iberian Peninsula 166–73

Iona 112–13, 114

Ireland 137–8, 151

reduced incentive for 270

Scotland 114

strandhögg
46

Wales 154

Wends 302–3

Rani 26, 27

Raumarici 27

Reading 53

religion 20, 73, 187, 201–2, 289, 301, 345

and trade 20

Repton 54

Ribe 32–3

Richard the Fearless 105–6

Richard the Good 106–7, 252, 259, 263, 264

Rodulf 26, 27

Rognvald 102-3

Rognvald Brusason 130

Rognvald Kali Kolsson 331–2

Rollo 97–8, 99–103

Roman Empire 19

collapse 40, 77

influence 25-6

Romerike 27, 39

Romsdal 27

Roric 83–4

Roskilde 35, 283

Rouen 86, 94, 100, 106

Rugi 27

runes 23–5, 30, 118, 243

rune-stones 206, 241, 277, 281, 282, 307

Rurik 177, 178

Rus 175–99, 208

assimilation with the Slavs 199

boats 197

burial customs 185–6

clothes 184

conversion to Christianity 201–2

hygiene 183

raid on Constantinople 198–9

sex lives 184

trade in Baghdad 188

wealth 184

sacrifice 51–2, 272, 312–13

blood eagle 51, 128

ships 20–21

sacrificial feasts 5–6

sagas 342–5

Edda 344

Egils saga 343

Eíriks saga rauđa 235–6, 237, 238

Grœnlendinga saga 235, 237

Heimskringla 286, 296, 297, 344

Laxdœla Saga 204, 220

Njáls saga 343

Orkneyinga Saga 330

Saga of the Jomsvikings 254

Saga of St Olaf 297

Volsunga Saga 31

Yngvars Saga víđförla 206

St Ansgar 308, 309, 310, 311

St Brendan 211

St Brice’s day massacre 253–4

St Columba 110–13, 120

St Cuthbert 43, 44, 57

History of St Cuthbert 71

St Magnus 330, 331

St Olaf 129, 263, 297–301

Sami 307–8

Saxo Grammaticus 33

Saxons 26, 28, 31

Scandinavia

colonisation of 12–13

first kingdoms 31

and the sail 22–3

Scandinavian tribes 26–7

ancestry 212

assimilation into Europe 270

burials 181

Scandza 17, 26

Scotland 109–11, 125

Scots 109, 119–21

Seljuqs 315

Seville 167, 172

Shetland Islands 115, 126, 340

ships and boats

birlinns 340

cogs 323–4

drakkars 252, 295

dromon 168, 198

knarrs 218, 274

longships 17–18, 48, 169, 274, 295–6, 323–4, 340

sacrifices 20–21

ship settings 14, 33, 281

size and number 60

umiaks 244

Sicily 319

Sigeric, Archbishop 250

Sigfred 95, 96, 97, 99, 271–2

Sigurd 329, 330

crusade 316–21

Sigurd the Mighty 126–7

Sigurd Ring 35

Sigvatr 106

Sihtric Silkbeard 157–9, 162

Silverdale hoard 55

Sjaelland 20, 33

skaldic verse 345–6

Skjöldungs 33, 35

slave trade 116, 144–6, 169–70, 172

Ireland 132, 144–6, 170

slavery 220

Slavs 175, 176, 177, 179, 181, 188

Snorri Sturluson 286, 287, 290, 319, 343–6

solar cults 15

Somerled 334–5

Sorte Muld 30

Stamford Bridge 267

Staraja Ladoga 38, 174, 180, 192

Scandinavian burials 181

stone crosses

Gosforth 72

Isle of Man 118

Strabo 11–12

Strathclyde 109, 119, 122–3, 142

Svein Asleifarson 332–3

Svein Estrithson 302, 303–5

Svein Forkbeard 251–3, 258, 259, 284–5,

Svyatoslav 179, 180, 199–201

Sweden 22, 31, 35, 307–13

Swedes 26–7, 35, 37–8, 174, 307–8

Rus 175–99, 208

Swedish crusades 325–7

Tacitus 19, 22, 26, 126

Tallin 324

Teutones 17

Thanet 47, 49, 248

Thietmar of Merseburg 34, 260

Thor 5, 36–7, 233

Thor’s hammer amulets 6, 13, 37, 233, 283

Thorfinn the Mighty 129–31

Thorfinn Skullsplitter 128

Thorkell the Tall 256–8, 259, 260, 285, 297

Thorstein the Red 125, 126

Thule 11

Thule Inuit 244, 347

Tostig 266–7

trade 20, 38, 53, 70, 188, 275

Baghdad 188

and religion 20

Silk Road 183, 188

Sweden 308–9

tin 10

and war 53

Treaty of Verdun 82, 83

Trondheim Fjord 11, 293

Trundholm Sun Chariot 15

Turgeis 139–40, 141

Tureholm hoard 29

Ubba 50, 52, 58

Uí Néill 149, 150

Ukraine 28

Unni, archbishop of Hamburg-Bremen 279–80, 311

Urban II, Pope 315

Valdemar II 323–5

Valdemar the Great 321–2

Valhalla 3–4, 6, 35

valkyries 4

Brynhild 31, 51

Vandals 17

Varangians 199, 201, 202, 203–5, 207

Varangian Guard 203–5, 207, 320

Vendel

art-style 36

burials 36

Venerable Bede 45, 75

Ecclesiastical History of the English People
75

Veneti 10

Viking

meaning xvi

Viking Age xvi-xvii

Vladimir 201–3

Volsunga Saga 31

Volund 89-90

Wales 154

weapons 18, 19, 205, 240

Wends 272, 302, 305, 321, 322

Wendish crusade 321–3

Wessex 53, 65, 66, 75

William the Lion of Scotland 333

William Longsword 104–5

William of Malmesbury 65, 261

William of Normandy, the Conqueror 265–9

Willibrord 33, 279

Wulfstan I 75

Yaroslav the Wise 206–8, 299

Yggdrasil 2, 24, 283

Ynglings 36, 37, 39, 286

Domalde 37

Yngvar the Widefarer 206

Yngvars Saga víðförla
206

York 42, 51, 68–71, 73, 74, 124, 268

ABOUT NORTHMEN

The violent and predatory society of Dark Age Scandinavia left a unique impact on the history of medieval Europe. From their chill northern fastness, Norse warriors, explorers and merchants raided, traded, and settled across wide areas of Europe, Asia and the North Atlantic from the late eighth to the mid-eleventh century.

Northmen
narrates their story, focusing on places where key events were played out, from the sack of Lindisfarne in 793 to the murder of the saga-writer Snorri Sturluson in Iceland in 1241. Such episodes are fascinating in themselves, but also shed crucial light on the nature of Viking activity – its causes, effects, and the reasons for its decline.

In 800, the Scandinavians were barbarians in longships bent on plunder and rapine; by 1200, their homelands were an integral part of Latin Christendom. John Haywood tells, in authoritative but compellingly readable fashion, the extraordinary story of the Viking Age.

REVIEWS

‘An excellent point of reference.’

BBC History Magazine on the
New Atlas of World History

‘An excellent introduction to global history.’

Jeremy Black on the
New Atlas of World History

ABOUT JOHN HAYWOOD

J
OHN
H
AYWOOD
was educated at the universities of Lancaster, Cambridge and Copenhagen and is an expert on the history of Dark Age Europe. He is the author of:

The Penguin Historical Atlas of the Vikings

The Celts: Bronze Age to New Age

Encyclopedia of the Viking Age

The New Atlas of World History: Global Events at a Glance

Chronicles of the Ancient World: A Complete Guide to the Great Ancient Civilizations

Viking: The Norse Warrior’s (Unofficial) Manual

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