Never Been a Time (44 page)

16
. Ibid., 207–9.

17
. Horowitz,
The Deadly Ethnic Riot
, 116–17.

18
. Krikler, “Inner Mechanics,” 1051–75.

19
. De Tocqueville,
Democracy in America
, 357.

20
. Du Bois, “Leroy Bundy,” 170.

21
. Bing,
War–time Strikes
, 7–9, 293; Morison,
Oxford History
, 858–59.

22
. Arendt,
On Revolution
, 9.

1
. Townsend,
A Blues Life
, 14–15.

2
.
PD
, Feb. 4, 1952.

3
. Baker, Speech at Kiel Opera House.

4
. Turner,
I, Tina
, 44–46.

5
. Interview by the author with Eugene Redmond, East St. Louis, Jan. 18, 2006.

6
. Theising,
Made in USA
, 13, 196. Some information on population and racial trends in East St. Louis comes from the East St. Louis Action Research Project of the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign,
http://www.eslarp.uiuc.edu
.

7
. Donloe,
Katherine Dunham
, particularly 165–86.

8
.
Los Angeles Times
, Aug. 11, 2005.

9
.
PD
, Sept. 11–15, 1967.

10
. Interview by the author with Anne Walker, East St. Louis, Nov. 7, 2007.

11
. Kozol,
Savage Inequalities
, 7–39.

12
. Joyner–Kersee,
A Kind of Grace
, 14–15.

13
. Kramer, “An Olympic Champion Comes Home,” 40–47. Some information on the center comes from the Jackie Joyner–Kersee Foundation.

14
. Interviews by the author with Terry and Gary Kennedy, St. Louis, Nov. 16, 20, 2007.

15
.
PD
, June 20, 2001.

16
. Theising,
Made in USA
, 223.

17
. Interview by the author with Anne Walker, East St. Louis, Nov. 7, 2007. For Illinois Riot and Reparations Commission legislation, see Senate Joint Resolution 0044, Ninety–fifth General Assembly, at
http://www.ilga.gov/legislation/
.

18
.
PD
, May 22, June 23, 2006.

19
.
PD
, March 21, 2006.

20
.
PD
, May 11, July 8, 2007.

Chicago Defender (Defender)

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St. Louis Republic (Republic)

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