Nemesis: The Last Days of the American Republic (51 page)

88
. Woodward,
Bush at Wan
p. 96.

89
. Naomi Klein, “Torture’s Part of the Territory,”
Los Angeles Times,
June 7, 2005. See also William Pfaff, “The Truth About Torture,”
American Conservative,
February 15, 2005,
http://amconmag.com/2005_02_14/print/articleprintl.html
.

90
. David Brooks, “The Age of Conflict: Politics and Culture after September 11,”
Weekly Standard 7,
no. 8 (November 5, 2001).

91
. Tim Golden, “After Terror, a Secret Rewriting of Military Law,”
New York Times,
October 24, 2004.

92
. “Working Group Report on Detainee Interrogations in the Global War on Terrorism: Assessment of Legal, Historical, Policy, and Operations Considerations,” March 6, 2003, classified secret, “no foreign dissemination,”
http://www.yirmeyahureview.com/archive/documents/prisoner_abuse/detainee_interrogations_in_the_global_war_on_terrorism.htm
. In regard to John Yoo, see also Maria L. La Ganga, “Scholar Calmly Takes Heat for His Memos on Torture,”
Los Angeles Times,
May 16, 2005.

93
. Karen J. Greenberg and Joshua L. Dratel, “Interrogating Donald Rumsfeld,”
TomDispatch.com,
, January 11, 2005,
http://www.tomdispatch.com/index.mhtml?pid=2116
.

94
. Edward Alden, “Attempt to Find Legal Justification for Torture Leaves Lawyers Aghast,”
Financial Times,
June 10, 2004; and Editorial, “Torturing the Law, if not Prisoners,”
Financial Times,
December 8, 2004.

95
. Sodei Rinjiro, “Remember in re Yamashita [327 US 1
(1946)]!’ Japan Focus,
http://www.japanfocus.org/116.html
. See also Andrew J. Bacevich, “Command Responsibility,”
Washington Post,
June 28, 2005.

96
. Human Rights Watch says that Rumsfeld may bear “command responsibility” for abuse in Iraq and asks that the United States name a special prosecutor to investigate his role. “Demand for Rumsfeld Abuse Inquiry,”
BBC News,
May 24, 2005,
http://news.bbc.co.Uk/2/hi/americas/4475133.stm.

97
. Hersh, “Gray Zone”; Arkin,
Code Names,
p. 321, s.v. “Copper Green.”

98
. Quoted by Dana Priest, “Spirited Debate Preceded Policies,”
Washington Post,
June 23, 2004,
http://www.washingtonpost.com/ac2/wp-dyn/A61942-2004Jun22?language=printer
.

99
. Josh White, “U.S. Generals in Iraq Were Told of Abuse Early, Inquiry Finds,”
Washington Post,
December 1, 2004.

100
. Sidney Blumenthal,” Abuse’? How About Torture?”
Salon,
May 6, 2004; Editorial, “Mr. Rumsfeld’s Responsibility”
Washington Post,
May 6, 2004; Bob Herbert, “The Rumsfeld Stain,”
New York Times,
May 23, 2005.

101
. On the use of women in the armed forces as torturers, see Erik Saar,
Inside the Wire: A Military Intelligence Soldier’s Eyewitness Account of Life at Guantanamo,
with Viveca Novak (New York: Penguin, 2005); Philip Kennicott, “A Wretched Picture of America,”
Washington Post,
May 5, 2004; Marie Cocco, “Chain of Prisoner Abuse Starts at the Top,”
Newsday,
May 24, 2005; Daniel Eisenberg and Timothy J. Burger, “What’s Going on at Gitmo?”
Time,
June 6, 2005, pp. 30-31; Adam Zagorin and Michael Duffy, “Inside the Interrogation of Detainee 063,”
Time,
June 20, 2005, pp. 26-33.

102
. Quoted by Seymour M. Hersh, “Torture at Abu Ghraib,”
New Yorker,
May10,2004, p. 43. For the text of General Taguba’s report, see
http://www.antiwar.com/article.php?articleid=2479
. For the 279 photographs and 19videos from the army’s internal investigation of torture at Abu Ghraib, see Joan Walsh, “The Abu Ghraib Files,”
Salon,
March 14, 2006,
http.7/www.salon.com/news/abu_ghraib/2006/03/14/introduction/print.html
.

103
. “Gen. Richard Myers,”
Fox News.

104
. Associated Press, “Army Probe Finds Abuse at Jail near Mosul,” March 26, 2005.

105
. Suzanne Goldenberg, “Former Guantanamo Chief Clashed with Army Interrogators,”
Guardian,
May 19, 2004,
http://www.guardian.co.uk/print/0,3858,4927249-111575,00.html
; Peter Spiegel and Edward Alden, “Focus Back on General in Charge of Detention,”
Financial Times,
June 10, 2004.

106
. Dan Eggen and R. Jeffrey Smith, “FBI Agents Allege Abuse of Detainees at Guantanamo,”
Washington Post,
December 21, 2004,
http://www.washingtonpost.com/ac2/wp-dyn/A14936-2004Dec20?language=printer
.

107
. Reuters, “Red Cross: Guantanamo Tactics ’Tantamount to Torture,’” November 30, 2004.

108
. Rose, “Truth about Camp Delta.”

109
. Scott Higham, Josh White, and Christian Davenport, “A Prison on the Brink: Usual Military Checks and Balances Went Missing,”
Washington Post,
May 9, 2004.

110
. James Sturcke, “General Approved Extreme Interrogation Methods,”
Guardian,
March 30, 2005,
http://www.guardian.co.uk/print/0,3858,5158950-103550,00.html
; Andrew Buncombe, “Green Light for Iraqi Prison Abuse Came from the Top,”
Independent,
April 3, 2005,
http://news.independent.co.uk/low_res/story.jsp?story-6259098chost=38cdir=70
.

111
. Will Dunham, “U.S. General Urged ’Outer Limits’ Iraq Interrogation,” Reuters, May 2, 2006,
http://www.alertnet.org/printable.htm?URL=/thenews/newsdesk/N02295252.htm
.

112
. U.S. Department of Defense, Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense (Public Affairs), “General Officer Assignments,” news release no. 203-04, March 22, 2004; ibid., no. 1210-04, November 24, 2004; Gerry J. Gilmore, “Casey Takes Over Iraq Commander’s Reins from Sanchez,” American Forces Press Service, July 1, 2004; Reuters, “U.S. Replaces General Who Ran Prisons in Iraq,”
ABC News,
November 24, 2004; Eric Schmitt and Thorn Shanker, “Posts Considered for Commanders After Abuse Case,”
New York Times,
June 20, 2005.

113
. John Hendren, “4-Star Plans After Abu Ghraib,”
Los Angeles Times,
October 15, 2004,
http://www.truthout.org/docs_04/printer_101604I.shtml.

114
. Dave Moniz, “Gen. Karpinski Demoted in Prison Scandal,”
USA Today,
May 5, 2005.

115
. Editorial, “Impunity,”
Washington Post,
April 26, 2005. See also Editorial, “American Homicide,”
Boston Globe,
March 29, 2005; Josh White, “Top Army Officers Are Cleared in Abuse Cases,”
Washington Post,
April 23, 2005; Seymour Hersh, “The Unknown Unknowns of the Abu Ghraib Scandal,”
Guardian,
May 21, 2005,
http://www.guardian.co.uk/print/0,3858,5198906-103677,00.html
.

116
. Sonni Efron, “GOP Committee Targets International Red Cross,”
Los Angeles Times,
June 15, 2005,
http://fairuse.laccesshost.com/news2/latimes688.html
; Caroline Moorhead, “Speak No Evil,”
Financial Times,
June 18-19, 2005.

117
. Burton J. Lee III, “The Stain of Torture,”
Washington Post,
July 1, 2005.

118
. American Embassy, London, “Visit of President Bush to Northern Ireland, April 7-8,2003,”
http://www.usembassy.org.uk/potus03/potus03c.html.

119
. William R. Polk, introduction to
The Looting of the Iraq Museum, Baghdad: The Lost Legacy of Ancient Mesopotamia,
Milbry Polk and Angela M. H. Schuster, eds. (New York: Harry N. Abrams, 2005), p. 5. See also Suzanne Muchnic, “Spotlight on Iraq’s Plundered Past,”
Los Angeles Times,
June 20, 2005.

120
. David Fromkin,
A Peace to End All Peace: The Fall of the Ottoman Empire and the Creation of the Modern Middle East
(New York: Owl Books, 1989, 2001), p. 450.

121
. George Bush’s address to the Iraqi people, broadcast on
Towards Freedom TV,
April 10, 2003,
http://home.earthlink.net/~platter/speeches/030410-bush-tfreedom.html
.

122
. Office of the Undersecretary of Defense for Acquisition, Technology, and Logistics, Report of the Defense Science Board Task Force on Strategic Communication (Washington, DC: September 2004), pp. 39-40.

123
. See Frank Rich, “And Now: ’Operation Iraqi Looting,’”
New York Times,
April 27, 2003; Eleanor Robson, “The Collection Lies in Ruins, Objects from a Long, Rich Past in Smithereens,”
Guardian,
April 14, 2003,
http://www.guardian.co.uk/arts/features/story/0,11710,936561,00.html
.

124
. Robert Scheer, “It’s U.S. Policy that’s ’Untidy,’”
Los Angeles Times,
April 15, 2003; reprinted in “Books in Flames,”
TomDispatch.com,
, April 15, 2003,
http://www.tomdispatch.com/index.mhtmPpid-578
.

125
. John F. Burns, “Pillagers Strip Iraqi Museum of Its Treasures,”
New York Times,
April 13, 2003; Piotr Michalowski (University of Michigan), “The Ransacking of the Baghdad Museum Is a Disgrace,”
History News Network,
April 14, 2003,
http://hnn.us/articles/1386.html
; Fiachra Gibbons, “The End of Civilization,”
Guardian,
April 2, 2003,
http://www.guardian.co.uk/arts/features/story/0,11710,927788,00.html
.

126
. Polk and Schuster,
Looting of Iraq Museum,
pp. 209-10; “Looters Trash Museum’s Treasures,”
Observer,
April 13, 2003,
http://observer.guardian.co.uk/international/story/0935762,00.html
.

127
. Mark Wilkinson, “Looting of Ancient Sites Threatens Iraqi Heritage,” Reuters, June 29, 2005,
http://famulus.msnbc.com/famulusintl/reuters06-29-050006.asp?reg-mideast8tvts=62920051945.
See also Matthew Bogdanos,
Thieves of Baghdad
(New York: Bloomsbury USA, 2005).

128
. Polk and Schuster,
Looting of Iraq Museum,
pp. 23, 212-13; Louise Jury, “At Least 8,000 Treasures Looted from Iraq Museum Still Untraced,”
Independent,
May 24, 2005; Stephen Fidler,” ’The Looters Knew What They Wanted. It Looks Like Vandalism, but Organized Crime May Be Behind It,’”
Financial Times,
May 23, 2003; Rod Liddle, “The Day of the Jackals,”
Spectator,
April 19, 2003,
http://www.agitprop.org.au/nowrar/20030419_liddle_day_of_the_jackals.php
.

129
. Humberto Marquez, “Iraq Invasion the ’Biggest Cultural Disaster Since 1258,”’
Antiwar.com
, February 16, 2005,
http://www.antiwar.com/ips/marquez.php?articleid-4859
.

130
. Robert Fisk, “Library Books, Letters, and Priceless Documents Are Set Ablaze in Final Chapter of the Sacking of Baghdad,”
Independent,
April 15, 2003.

131
. Polk and Schuster,
Looting of Iraq Museum,
p. 10.

132
. Guy Gugliotta, “Pentagon Was Told of Risk to Museums; U.S. Urged to Save Iraq’s Historic Artifacts,”
Washington Post,
April 14, 2003; McGuire Gibson, “Cultural Tragedy in Iraq: A Report on the Looting of Museums, Archives, and Sites,” International Foundation for Art Research,
http://www.ifar.org/tragedy.htm
. See also Jeremy Grant’s interview with McGuire Gibson at the University of Chicago’s Oriental Institute, “Hidden Gems and Unexpected Links,”
Financial Times,
September 10–11, 2005.

133
. Liddle, “Day of the Jackals”; Oliver Burkeman, “Ancient Archive Lost in Baghdad Blaze,”
Guardian,
April 15, 2003,
http://www.guardian.co.uk/international/story/0936943,00.html
.

134
. See James A. R. Nafziger, “Art Loss in Iraq: Protection of Cultural Heritage in Time of War and Its Aftermath,” International Foundation for Art Research,
http://www.ifar.org/heritage.htm.

135
. Jonathan Steele, “Museum’s Treasures Left to the Mercy of Looters, U.S. Generals Reject Plea to Protect Priceless Artifacts from Vandals,”
Guardian,
April 14, 2003,
http://www.guardian.co.uk/arts/news/story/0,11711,936557,00.html
; Paul Martin, Ed Vulliamy, and Gaby Hinsliff, “U.S. Army Was Told to Protect Looted Museum,”
Observer,
April 20, 2003,
http://www.guardian.co.uk/print/0,3858,4651740-102275,00.html;
Rich, “Operation Iraqi Looting”; Paul Martin, “Troops Were Told to Guard Treasures,”
Washington Times,
April 20, 2003.