Nationalism and Culture (105 page)

Liberalism: its rise in England, 144-148; Bentham's theory of utility as a criterion of morals, 144-145; Priestley on the "right of revolution," 145 ; the state idea of Richard Price, 145-146; the happiness of the individual as the basic principle of society, 144, 150; liberalism in America, 148-149; in German literature, 149-157; in France, 157-160; and democracy, 161-162, 166; and socialism, 230, 238-239.

Lichtenberg, Ch., 154.

Liebig, Justus, 314.

Liebknecht, Karl, 266, 267.

Liebknecht, Wilhelm, 521.

Lilbournes, John, 139.

Lincoln, Abraham, 149, 544.

Linguet, Henri, 142.

Linne, Carl von, 299, 303.

Lippershey, Hans, 458.

Lippi, Felippe, 422.

Lissagaray, P. O., 543.

Livius, Andronicus, 391.

Locke, John: on civil government, 140-141; social-philosophical theories, 140-142; regarding lawmaking power and its responsibility to the people, 141-142; on a triple partition of public power, 142; 159, 168, 186, 540, 543.

Loewe & Co., 266, 267.

Lollards, The, see Sects.

Lombards, The, 74.

Louis the Pious, 78, 286.

Louis XI, of France, 97, 172.

Louis XIV, of France, 54, 118, 139, 172,

I73» 174. 291. 427. 496. Louis XV, of France, 495, 496, 506. Louis XVI, of France, 334. Louis-Philippe of France, 509, 510. Louvet, M., 142. Loyola, Ignacio, 333, 542. Luce, M., 515.

Luce, Simeon, 543. -^

Luchaire, A., 543. Lucian, 394. Lucillius, 392.

Lucretius, 394, 461, 462, 464. Luden, Heinrich, 212. Luitprandt, 348. Lundin, A. G., 543. Luschan, Felix, 299, 300, 543.

INDEX

Luther, Hans, 263.

Luther, Martin: and the temporal rulers, 104-105; appeal to the "Christian Nobility of the German Nation," 105; and the state, 105; hostility toward the insurrection of the German peasantry, 105-106; and Hegel, 105, 164, 191, 220, 259, 286, 292, 314, 319, 320,

333> 456. Luxemburg, Rosa, 543. Lyell, Sir Charles, see Evolution. Lykophron, 128. Lysippos of Sicyon, 361.

Mably, G. B., 142.

Macaulay, Thomas B., 138.

Machiavelli, Niccolo: political and social environment, 96-97; The Prince, 97-98; defence of the amorality of state power, 98; hero worship and admiration of the "strong man," 98; the theorist of unashamed state reason and modern power politics, 98-100; on religion and politics, lOl; the pioneer of national unity, lOO-lOl, 188, 197,

543-Macpherson, J., 543. Maecenas, 392. Maeterlinck, M., 516. Magna Charta, 139. Magni, Johannes, IIO. Mahlmeister, E., 332. Maimonides, 296. Maistre, Joseph de, 63, 196, 199, 222,

304, 306, 539, 544. Malatesta, Errico, 545. Malebranche, N., 463. Malpighi, Marcello, 463. Malthus, Th. R., 307, 470. Manco, Capac, 51. Mandeville, B., 142. Manichaeans, The, see Sects. Mann, E., 338. Mantegna, Andrea, 422, 501. Manuel, L. P., 175. Marat, Jean Paul, 334, 544. Marbod, 72.

"March on Rome," see Mussolini. Marcus Aurelius, 154, 405. Mardonius, 371. Mariana, Juan, 133.

583

Markomanni, The, see Germans.

Marlyn, Carlos, 544.

Martet, Jean, 241.

Martial, 392.

Martin V, Pope, 108.

Marx, Karl: interpretation of history, 23-40; socialism a science? 26-28; and the International, 234; and Proudhon, 231-232, 234; letter re the significance of the German victory over France,

234-235; 335> 542, 543> 544; ^^^'^^^o Economic Materialism; also Socialism.

Masaccio, Tommaso, 422.

Masaryk, T. G., 544.

Maselino, 422.

Masereel, Franz, 515.

Masters, Edgar Lee, 544.

Maternus, Fermicus, 53.

Mathew, Patrick, 466.

Mathiez, A., 176, 544.

Maupertius, P. L., 462.

Mauser & Co., 266.

Mauthner, Fritz, 137, 278, 282, 283,

294. 37i> 372, 383. 394) 544—

Mayer, Robert, 314.

Mazarin, Jules, 172.

Mazzini, Giuseppe: 187, 201, 205; his slogan "God and the People," 60, 243; political theology, 425; belief in the historic mission of Rome, 424-425; fight against federalism, 425; and Pisacane, 425; and Mussolini, 201, 243; and Proudhon, 231, 276, 426-427,

539. 544. 545—

Meaux, Alfred, 544.

Medici, The, 97.

Megarics, The, 356.

Mehring, Franz, 544.

Melanchthon, Philip, 314, 456.

Melegari, Dora, 544.

Melon, J. F., 450.

Mendel, Gregory, 315, 316, 471.

Menger, Anton, 202.

Menzel, A. F., 314.

Mercantilism: development of commercial capital, 93-94, 117; the great discoveries of the passages to India and America, 94; the manufactories, 117-119; state commerce, 119.

Mercier, Sebastian, 291.

Mercshkovsky, Dimitri, 337.

Merkenschlager, Dr., 318.

Merovingians, The, 76, 77, 300.

Merriam, C. E., 544.

Merx, O., 544.

Mesalla, C, 392.

"Mesta," The, see Spain.

Metternich, C. W., 190, 211, 221, 222, 248.

Meunier, C, see Painting.

Mexico, conquest of, see Spain.

Meyer, Gustav, 544.

Michelangelo, 314, 321, 422; see also Architecture; also Painting.

Michels, Robert, 544.

"Midgard-marriage," 323.

Mill, John Stuart, 147, 241, 544, 548.

Millenarianism, see Sects.

Miller, J. H., 303.

Miller, W. A., 459.

Millet, F., see Painting.

Miltiades, 366, 367, 369. Milton, John, 138, 347. Mirabeau, Count, 174, 175, 334, 450. Mirandola, G. Pico della, 95. Mitchel & Co., 265. Moczkowski, A., 454. Moeller van den Bruck, 156. Mohammedans, see Spain; also Architecture. Moliere, J. B., 430. Mommsen, Th., 376, 399, 544. Monarchomachi, The, 132. Montaigne, Michel, 134, 287. Montcretien, A., 450. Montesquieu, Ch. L., 142, 157, 159,

160, 163, 168, 175, 340, 450, 544. Montgaillard, Abbe, 418. Montgolfier, 265. Moors, see Spain. More, Thomas, 131. Morton, S. G., 299. Moses, 70, 178, 179, 422, 499, 502. Mosley, Oswald, 544. Moss, Dr., 301. "Mourning ordinance," 118. Mozart, W. A., 505. Miihlenbeck, E., 544. Miiller, Adam, 222, 223, 224. Miiller, Max, 43, 544. Mummius, Lucius, 387.

INDEX

Mun, Thomas, 450.

Munk, Salomon, 461.

Munoz, Romero, 544.

Miinzer, Thomas, 103, 544.

Mussolini, Benito: 187, 201, 238} comr pact with the Vatican, 59-60; the former atheist, 59, 60; critic of the state, 241; the march on Rome and his change of mind, 241-242; and Mazzini, 243-244; on the death of liberty, 248; on new values for the youth, 248; on fascism and communism as opposed to liberalism, 248; on the origin of the Rumanians, 441; 249,

448, 531. 533> 534. 540, 544-Muther, Richard, 507, 544. Myers, Gustavus, 121, 544. Myron, 361.

Naegli, K. W., 471.

Naevus, Gnaeus, 391.

Napoleon I: 173; on the necessity of religion, 56; versus the Social Contract, 131; the heir of political centralization, 180; and the totalitarian state, 181; citizen and soldier, 181; his "statistics on morals," 181; the creator of the "great nation," 180-183; the price for power, 182; on human nature, 183; on Rousseau, 183; 190, 204, 205, 206, 207, 208, 209, 210, 211, 212, 219, 248, 336, 507, 509.

Napoleon III, 205, 449, 540.

Nation, The: as a tool of temporal power, 99-100; created by the state, 174-180, 200-201; a political confession of faith, 179, 202; and nationality, 204-205; the question of nationality in European politics, 204-205; the Prussianizing of Germany, 226-227; "o^" ganized selfishness," 252; a community of descent, 260; a community of interests, morals and customs, 260-272; "a community of destiny," 272-274; North and South America, 274-275; a community of speech, 276-297; a community of the race, 298-339; political disunion in Greece, 362, 371; "comparative psychology of nations," 437-442; and genius, 452-453; and art, 498-517.

National Socialism, 220, 240, 242.

Nationalism: versus culture, 213-214; rise of, in Europe, 99, 175-180, 203-204; in Germany, 206-210; Arndt and Fichte, 207-209; Scharnhorst and Gneisenau, 208-209; the dream of national freedom and the treason of the German princes, 211-212; home sentiment and patriotism, 214-215; German romanticism and historical traditions, 215-218; from romantic sentimentalism to arrogant Germanism and the hatred of "foreign spirit," 219-220; Arndt's Francophobia, 219; Jahn a forerunner of Hitler, 220-221; Heine against the German jungle spirit, 222; the reactionary spirit of "Die Burschenschaften," 221-222; in France, 177-179, 205; economic nationalism, 446-447; in Italy, 60, 243; in modern Russia, 533; the liberation of mankind from nationalism,

536.

Naumann, H., 482.

Nearing, Scott, 269, 544.

Nero, 405.

Nerval, Gerard de, 516.

Nettlau, Max, 539, 544.

Neuner, L,, 321, 332.

Newbold, Walton, 265, 266, 545.

Newcomb, S., 459.

Newton, Isaak, see Gspernican Theory.

Nichomachus, 358.

Niebuhr, B. G., 380.

Niemojowsky, 276.

Nietzsche, F.: on culture and politics as opposite poles, 83; on the state, 84; on race, 440; on the decline of German culture, 83, 433; on the Apollonian and the Dionysian spirit in art, 478—

479; 35|. 385> 433. 504, 536. Nieuwenhuis, Domela F., 545. Noailles, Mademoiselle, 507. Nobel & Co., 265. Nomad, Max., 545. Nominalism, 94, 420. Nordeau, Max, 46, 545. "Nordischer Ring," see Race Theories. Novalis (F. von Hardenberg), 223. Novara, Domincio Maria, 455. Numa, Pompilius, 377, 378, 379.

585

Obuchow, Marianne, 250.

Occlo, Huaco, 51.

Odoacer, 73.

Ogarew, N. P., 545.

Oken, L., 465.

Olveira, J. P., 545.

Omar, Khayyam, 347.

Onken, W,, 545.

Oppenheimer, Franz, 545.

Orleans, Duke of, see Architecture.

Orsi, P., 545.

Ostrogoths, The, 73, 74.

Ott, J., 265.

Otto IV, German Emperor, 69.

Ovid, 392.

Owen, Robert, 198, 223, 524; see also

Socialism. Oxenstierna, Bengt, 111.

Padillar, Juan, 418.

Page, Walter Hines, 525.

Paine, Thomas: on state and society, 146; belief in the gradual disappearance of government, 146; answer to Burke in defence of the French Revolution, 146; opposed to the tyranny of majorities, 146-147; 148, 203, 540, 545.

Painting and sculpture: the personal in art, 498; Leonardo and Michelangelo, 498-500; conceptions of life in creative work, in art, 500; A. Durer and the reformation, 500; foreign influences in his work, 501; Rembrandt and the "national feeling" of his contemporaries, 502-503; Goya and the spirit of revolution, 503-504; the artistic spirit of the ancien regime, 505-506; Rococo and revolution, 506; L. David and the Roman gesture of the revolution, 507-508; the rule of the bourgeoisie, 509; Daumier against the "reign of the paunches," 510; justice and militarism in the mirror of his art, 512-513; the awakening of labor, 513-514.; the problem of labor in modern art, 414-415; Millet and Meunier; 514-515; the artist in the struggle against the social order, 515-516; art-trend and national peculiarity, 516; the universally human in art,

516-517; the power of imagination,

517—

Palm, J, Ph., 190.

Palmerston, Lord, 205, 541.

Papism: an extension of Caesarism, 54, 65; the Bishop of Rome, 65; the early organization of the Church, 67; the doctrine of St. Augustine, 66-67; the struggle for world dominion, 67-68, 78; the "Isidorian Decretals," 68; from Gregory VII to Innocent III, 68-71; decline of the papal power, 95, 99-100, 106.

Parrhasius, 362.

Pascal, B., 462.

Passow, F. L. C, 220.

Pater, W. H., 545.

Pausanias, 361.

Pnusanias, King of Sparta, 371.

Peace of Breda, 37.

Pecqueur, Constantin, see Socialism.

Pellarin, Ch., 545.

Pepin of Herestal, 545.

Pepin the Short, 77.

Pericles, 326, 359, 367, 391.

Pero, Mejia, 545,

Persia, 354, 360, 367, 368-371, 483-484, 485.

Persius, 393.

Perugino, Pietro, 422.

Peschel, Oskar, 299.

Pestalozzi, J. H., 190, 191, 320.

Petrarch, Francesco, 422.

Petronius, 347, 393.

Pfeifer, member of the German Reichstag, 266.

Pfeiflfer, Heinrich, 544,

Pherecrates, 359.

Pherecydes, 355.

Phidias, 361, 367, 390.

Philaos, 454.

Philip of Macedon, 52.

Philippe August, of France, 69.

Philip the Fair, of France, 172.

Philippe III, of France, 106.

Philip of Swabia, 69.

Philip II, of Spain, 54, 123, 132, 133, 418, 419.

Phillips, Wendell, 148, 544, 546.

Philocles, 358.

Phrynichus, 358.

INDEX

Phoenicians, The, 364, 366, 376.

Pi y Margall, Francisco, 519, 535, 545,

547-Pictet, Jules, 302. Pierson, William, 227. Pilsudsky, Joseph, 545. Pindar of Thebes, 220, 358. Pindemonte, Y., 422. Piron, G., 545. Pisacane, Carlo, 276, 425, 426, 427, 434,

54i> 545—

Pisanello, V., 422.

Pisano, Niccola, 422.

Pisistratos of Athens, 369.

Pitt, William 57.

Pius VII, Pope, 455.

Plato: on politics as the basic principle of morals, 79; on class division as a necessity for the maintenance of the state, 79; on the natural destiny of man, 79-80; his striving for national unity, 80; on Greeks and "barbarians," 80; justification of slavery, 80; and Zeno, 129; 196, 367, 539, 545.

Plautus, 391.

Pliny, 394, 403.

Plockboy, P. C, 139.

Plutarch, 390, 402, 454, 455.

Poe, Edgar Allan, 320, 516, 517.

Pohlenz, M., 545.

Poincare, Raymond, 262, 263.

Pollajuolo, Antonio, 501.

Polycletus, 361.

Polygnotus, 362.

Pompadour, Madame, 505.

Pompey, 404.

"Poor Conrad," 103.

Power: a driving force in history, 28; its religious origin, 45-55; heroes, con-querers, lawgivers and tribal ancestors, 46; its fundamental principles, 45, 47-48, 63-64; 372-373; its effect on its possessors, 70-71, 84, 172; its spiritual barrenness, 81-83; 255; a privilege of minorities, 85-86; struggle between might and right, 86; Hobbes the defender of absolute power, 135-137; Locke's idea regarding the partition of, 141; Rousseau and the new conception of, 164-170; Jacobinism and centralized, 171-178; the Convention paving