Mr. Hornaday's War (37 page)

3
. Ibid., chapter 9, p. 13.

4
. Ibid., chapter 9, pp. 12–15.

5
. Hornaday letter dated February 24, 1899, Hornaday papers, Library of Congress, box 1, folder 1877–1900.

6
. Hornaday,
Eighty Fascinating Years,
chapter 9, p. 15.

7
. Hornaday letter to Henry Fairfield Osborn, quoted in Bridges,
Gathering of Animals,
p. 24.

8
. David O. Whitten, “The Depression of 1893,” EH.net Encyclopedia, posted February 1, 2010,
http://eh.net/encyclopedia/
.

9
. Dolph, “Bringing Wildlife to the Millions,” p. 649.

10
. Dehler, “American Crusader,” p. 111.

CHAPTER 15: SCANDAL AT THE ZOO

1
. “A Zoological Rivalry: The Many American Cities with Animal Collections,”
New York Times,
August 30, 1896.

2
. Dehler, “American Crusader,” p. 117.

3
. Larson,
Devil in the White City.

4
. Bridges,
Gathering of Animals,
p. 129.

5
. Spiro,
Defending the Master Race,
p. 33.

6
. Ibid., p. 33.

7
. Rudyard Kipling, quoted in
New York Times,
May 8, 1892, cited in ibid., p. 32.

8
. Dehler, “American Crusader,” p. 113.

9
. Larson,
Tyrannosaurus Rex,
p. 400.

10
. Hornaday,
Wild-Animal Round-Up,
p. 349.

11
. Dehler, “American Crusader,” p. 123; Bridges,
Gathering of Animals,
p. 89.

12
. Spiro,
Defending the Master Race,
p. 7.

13
. Ibid., pp. 36, 37.

14
. Ibid., p. 361.

15
. Ibid., p. 39.

16
. Hornaday,
Eighty Fascinating Years.

17
. Hornaday,
Wild-Animal Round-Up,
pp. 356–61.

18
. Dehler, “American Crusader,” p. 117.

19
. Letter from Hornaday, October 2, 1896, Hornaday papers, Library of Congress, box 1, folder 1877–1900.

20
. Letter from Hornaday about Burroughs, May 7, 1903, Hornaday papers, Library of Congress, box 1, folder 1877–1900.

21
. Hornaday,
Wild-Animal Round-Up,
pp. 358–68.

22
. Details of opening day from Bridges,
Gathering of Animals,
pp. 89–98.

23
. Bridges,
Gathering of Animals,
p. 92.

24
. Spiro,
Defending the Master Race,
p. 40.

25
. Hornaday,
Wild-Animal Round-Up,
p. 354.

26
. Bradford,
Ota,
pp. 4, 5.

27
. Ibid., p. 12.

28
. Spiro,
Defending the Master Race,
p. 49.

29
. Bradford,
Ota,
104–10.

30
. Ibid., p. 120.

31
. Ibid., pp. 127–35.

32
. Ibid., p. 184.

33
. Ibid., p. 177.

34
. Ibid., pp. 172, 178.

35
. Ibid., p. 177.

36
. Hornaday letter to Josephine Hornaday, dated May 27, 1902, Hornaday
papers, Library of Congress, box 2.

37
. Ibid., pp. 177, 178; “An African Pigmy,” p. 302.

38
. “Bushman Shares a Cage with Bronx Park Apes,”
New York Times,
September 9, 1906.

39
. Bradford,
Ota,
p. 179.

40
. “Man and the Monkey Show Disapproved by Clergy,”
New York Times,
September 9, 1906.

41
.
New York Times,
September 10, 1906.

42
. Ibid.

43
. Bradford,
Ota,
p. 183.

44
.
New York Globe,
September 10, 1906.

45
. Spiro,
Defending the Master Race,
pp. 46, 47.

46
. Brinkley,
Wilderness Warrior,
p. 660.

47
. Hornaday letter to Verner, in Bridges,
Gathering of Animals,
p. 227.

48
. Comment by Mark Haller from
Eugenics: Hereditarian Attitudes in American Thought
(Piscataway, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1963), quoted in Spiro,
Defending the Master Race,
p. iv.

49
. Ibid., pp. 127, 130.

50
. Ibid., p. 158.

51
. Ibid., p. 97.

52
. Hornaday,
Our Vanishing Wild Life,
p. 101.

53
. Hornaday,
Wild-Animal Round-Up,
p. 27.

54
. “Topic of the Times: Send Him Back to the Woods,”
New York Times,
September 11, 1906.

55
.
New York Evening Post,
September 10, 1906.

56
.
Bridgeport (CT) Herald,
July 18, 1926; Hornaday,
Minds and Manners of Wild Animals,
p. 2.

57
.
New York Times,
September 11, 1906.

58
.
Bridgeport Herald,
July 18, 1926.

59
. Bradford,
Ota,
p. 188.

60
. Ibid., pp. 206–8.

61
. Matthiesson,
African Silences.

CHAPTER 16: THE DARK SHADOW

1
. Kate Carew, “Kate Meets the ‘Sultan of the Zoo,' ”
New York World,
March 6, 1910.

2
. Hornaday letter to Josephine Hornaday, Hornaday papers, Library of Congress, box 1, 1877–1900.

3
. Jean Piper, “Zoo Man Convinced of Evolution Theory,”
Brooklyn Daily Eagle,
April 5, 1925.

4
. “W.T. Hornaday, 78 Today, Frets About the Rhino,”
New York World-Telegram,
December 7, 1932.

5
. Hornaday,
Eighty Fascinating Years,
chapter 20, p. 6.

6
. Wilson,
Wilson's American Ornithology,
p. 358.

7
. Hornaday,
Eighty Fascinating Years,
chapter 20, p. 6.

8
. Duncan,
National Parks,
pp. 43–47.

9
. Hornaday,
Eighty Fascinating Years,
chapter 20, p. 8.

10
. Ibid.

11
. Ibid., chapter 20, p. 5.

12
. Letter from Hornaday to Charles Bessey, December 16, 1897, cited in Dehler, “American Crusader.”

13
. Hornaday,
Eighty Fascinating Years,
chapter 20, p. 5.

14
. Ibid., chapter 20, p. 8.

15
. Hornaday,
Destruction of Our Birds and Mammals,
p. 78.

16
. Ibid., p. 77.

17
. Hornaday,
Eighty Fascinating Years,
chapter 20, p. 9.

18
. Hornaday,
Destruction of Our Birds and Mammals,
p. 81.

19
. Ibid., pp. 87, 89.

20
. Ibid., p. 94.

21
. Ibid., pp. 87, 89.

22
. Hornaday,
Our Vanishing Wild Life,
p. 226.

23
. Bridges,
Gathering of Animals,
p. 272.

24
. Ibid., pp. 272, 273.

25
. Hornaday, “On the Destruction of Our Birds and Animals,” p. 281.

26
. Dehler, “American Crusader,” p. 206.

27
. Hornaday,
Eighty Fascinating Years,
chapter 20, p. 7.

28
. Ibid, chapter 20, p. 8.

CHAPTER 17: EMPIRE OF THE BUFFALO

1
. McHugh,
Time of the Buffalo,
pp. 3, 4; also Brinkley,
Wilderness Warrior,
pp. 626, 627.

2
. Gwynne,
Empire of the Summer Moon,
p. 174.

3
. Ibid., p. 177.

4
. Ibid., p. 180.

5
. Ibid., p. 264.

6
. George Parker Winship,
The Coronado Expedition,
1540–1542 (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1896) p. 581.

7
. Bridges,
Gathering of Animals,
p. 332.

8
. Ibid.

9
. Dehler, “American Crusader,” p. 197.

10
. Bridges,
Gathering of Animals,
pp. 258, 259.

11
. Ibid., p. 263.

12
. Dehler, “American Crusader,” p. 200.

13
. Brinkley,
Wilderness Warrior,
p. 603.

14
. The
Wichita Buffalo Range,
Tenth Annual Report of the New York Zoological Society, 1905, p. 200.

15
. Erdoes,
American Indian Myths and Legends,
pp. 490, 491.

16
. Brinkley,
Wilderness Warrior,
pp. 600–603.

17
. Ibid., p. 581.

18
. Ibid., pp. 595, 609, 611; Gwynne,
Empire of the Summer Moon,
311.

19
. Brinkley,
Wilderness Warrior,
pp. 624, 626.

20
. “Wichita Mountains National Wildlife Refuge,”
Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture,
http://digital.library.okstate.edu
.

21
. American Bison Society,
http://www.americanbisonsocietyonline.org/
.

22
. “15 Buffalo to Go Back to the Ranges: Cowboy Rush Here to Take Part of the Zoo Back to Oklahoma,”
New York Times,
October 6, 1907.

23
. Dehler, “American Crusader,” p. 190.

24
. “Bison Preserves,”
New York Times,
November 3, 1907.

25
. Bridges,
Gathering of Animals,
p. 269.

26
. Ibid., p. 257.

27
. Duncan,
National Parks,
pp. 45–47.

28
. Brinkley,
Wilderness Warrior,
p. 627.

CHAPTER 18: OUR VANISHING WILDLIFE

1
. Hornaday,
Our Vanishing Wild Life,
p. 3.

2
. Duncan,
National Parks,
p. 83.

3
. Hornaday,
Thirty Years War for Wild Life,
p. 161.

4
. Hornaday,
Our Vanishing Wild Life,
p. 114.

5
.
Thirty Years War for Wild Life,
pp. 155–60; “Restricts Sale of Game: Gov. Dix Signs the Bayne Bill Protecting Native Wild Animals,”
New York Times,
June 27, 1911.

6
. Letter to Josephine Hornaday, dated simply “Thursday, 7:15 a.m. 1911,” Hornaday papers, Library of Congress, box 1, folder 3.

7
. Hornaday,
Thirty Years War for Wild Life,
p. 160.

8
.
Henry Wood Elliot: Defender of the Fur Seal,
film by NOAA Ocean Media Center, 2005.

9
. Hornaday,
Thirty Years War for Wild Life,
pp. 172–81.

10
. Hornaday,
Our Vanishing Wild Life,
p. 5.

11
. Doughty,
Feather Fashions and Bird Preservation,
p. 30.

12
. Hornaday,
Our Vanishing Wild Life,
pp. 116, 117.

13
. Ibid., p. 121.

14
. Doughty,
Feather Fashions and Bird Preservation,
p. 128.

15
. Ibid., p. 129.

16
. Hornaday,
Thirty Years War for Wild Life,
p. 199.

17
. Quoted in Doughty,
Feather Fashions and Bird Preservation,
p. 129.

18
. Hornaday,
Steam Roller.

19
. Doughty,
Feather Fashions and Bird Preservation,
pp. 130–31.

20
. Hornaday,
Thirty Years War for Wild Life,
p. 202.

21
. Ibid., p. 266.

CHAPTER 19: TWO HUNDRED YEARS OF WAR

1
. “Animal Man,”
Time,
May 31, 1926; “Hornaday Retires as Director of Zoo,”
New York Times,
May 21, 1926.

2
. Bridges,
Gathering of Animals,
p. 116.

3
. Ibid., pp. 116, 117.

4
. Ibid., p. 410.

5
. Hornaday papers, dated September 11, 1919, Library of Congress, box 1, September 1929.

6
. Hornaday,
Thirty Years War for Wild Life,
p. 45.

7
. Bridges,
Gathering of Animals,
p. 279.

8
. Hornaday,
Eighty Fascinating Years,
chapter 20, p. 16.

9
. Hornaday,
Thirty Years War for Wild Life,
p. 184.

10
.
New York Times Magazine,
October 13, 1935, Hornaday papers, Library of Congress, box 101.

11
. Bridges,
Gathering of Animals,
p. 287.

12
. From
Columbus Dispatch,
quoted in “Alaska Big Game Endangered by Pot-Hunters and Wolves,”
Literary Digest
65 (May 8, 1920): 92.

13
. Hornaday,
Thirty Years War for Wild Life,
pp. 187–91.

14
. Ibid., p. 191.

15
. Hornaday,
Eighty Fascinating Years,
chapter 20, p. 13.

16
. Hornaday,
Thirty Years War for Wild Life,
p. xi.

17
. Ibid., p. 1.

18
. Ibid., p. 8.

19
. Ibid., p. 8.

EPILOGUE: HIS INDOMITABLE PERSISTENCE

1
. Letter to FDR, Hornaday papers, Library of Congress, Box H, correspondence 1930–1937.

2
. Quotes from
Life
, January 4, 1937.

3
. From a letter to Hornaday's nephew Willis, dated September 2, 1936, Hornaday papers, Library of Congress.