Moscardino
Table of Contents
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EP/EP: Ezra Pound â Enrico Pea
I think it's fair to say that Ezra Pound preferred novelists who at heart were poets. As for contemporary Italian writers, he was mainly interested in prose flavored by the earth: speech he heard from peasants, descriptions of people he met in the street; irrational, violent, yet wise characters mostly, as we find them in Tozzi and in Enrico Pea. Nothing abstract. E.P. and E.P. have both left us vivid descriptions of each other and their meetings, so we need not embroider.
I remember well the enthusiasm with which my father encouraged me to translate Thomas Hardy's
Under the Greenwood Tree.
He said he had met the best Italian writer and that as soon as I had a presentable chapter typed up, he would show the manuscript to him, because his opinion would count more than his own and he might have some good advice. Pound had already obtained Pea's permission to translate
Moscardino,
but he did not know who owned Hardy's copyright, or how one might secure it. However, the main thing was to get the job done, almost like running a race, as well as to learn the profession since I could not go to school. (In 1941, I had to leave school because of the war.)
Under the Greenwood Tree.
He said he had met the best Italian writer and that as soon as I had a presentable chapter typed up, he would show the manuscript to him, because his opinion would count more than his own and he might have some good advice. Pound had already obtained Pea's permission to translate
Moscardino,
but he did not know who owned Hardy's copyright, or how one might secure it. However, the main thing was to get the job done, almost like running a race, as well as to learn the profession since I could not go to school. (In 1941, I had to leave school because of the war.)
The humility and the gentleness, the fun and the efficiency of Pound's behavior in his family circle is too often overshadowed by his public imperatives and even more so by the misreadings of outsiders. He knew that my language skills were insufficient for the task, just as he knew that there was no chance of getting his own translation published with the war going on.
In his first letter to Pea he addresses him as colleague:
Egregio Collega
â
â
If you have no better offer, I ask permission to translate
Moscardino
into English. I am almost convinced of the impossibility of finding a publisher either in England or in the USA, but the book interests me and I am ready to give it a try.
Moscardino
into English. I am almost convinced of the impossibility of finding a publisher either in England or in the USA, but the book interests me and I am ready to give it a try.
The logistic problems seem to me purely theoretical, nevertheless I would like to know your feelings about it. I don't foresee a lucrative business either for author or translator.
Mah!
Mah!
Anyway, accept my sentiments, etc. I did not know that narrative art had reached Italy . . .
Cordialissimi saluti
. . .
. . .
In general I have believed that the earnings should, if any there be, go approximately ¾ to the author and ¼ to the translator.
Pea answered promptly on June 13, 1941:
Caro amico
â
â
You will have noticed that my work presents some difficulties also because of certain idiomatic words and ways of speaking in Versilia. Nevertheless I am glad for the request you make because
Moscardino
can be translated only by a man with a lively and modern spirit like yourself.[. . .]
Moscardino
can be translated only by a man with a lively and modern spirit like yourself.[. . .]
And thus the work began and, in time, I learned a new word:
redola,
etymology uncertain, which I had never heard from my Italian teacher in Florence, but which fits Hardy's “lane,” in disaccord with the general terms in the dictionary. One of my most cherished typescripts remains that first chapter with penned corrections by E.P. and E.P. At sixteen it held promises of future glory. Now I can laugh about the absolute inadequacy of my translation, which of course was never fit to be published. But the awareness of how deeply concerned Pound was not only with good writing, but also with my education, moves me deeply.
redola,
etymology uncertain, which I had never heard from my Italian teacher in Florence, but which fits Hardy's “lane,” in disaccord with the general terms in the dictionary. One of my most cherished typescripts remains that first chapter with penned corrections by E.P. and E.P. At sixteen it held promises of future glory. Now I can laugh about the absolute inadequacy of my translation, which of course was never fit to be published. But the awareness of how deeply concerned Pound was not only with good writing, but also with my education, moves me deeply.
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It was thanks to the publisher, Vanni Scheiwiller, that Enrico Pea wrote his “
grazie,
Ezra Pound” for
STAGIONE,
1955, a number dedicated to Ezra Pound on his seventieth birthday, with contributions
solicited from the best Italian writers, who were concerned about Pound's detention at Saint Elisabeth's, from Accrocca and Anceschi to Bartoolini, Bertolucci, Betocchi, Bigongiari, Caproni, Carrieri, Falla-cara, Giudici, Guidacci, Jahier, Luzi, Montale, Prampolini, Prezzolini, Quasimodo, Sereni, Soffici, Spaziani, Traverso, and Valeri. Scheiwiller himself, in his editorial, quoted Giovanni Papini's appeal on Pound's behalf to the American ambassador, Mrs. Luce, adding another string of names. It would seem that the Italian writers cared more about the poet's fate than his compatriots.
grazie,
Ezra Pound” for
STAGIONE,
1955, a number dedicated to Ezra Pound on his seventieth birthday, with contributions
solicited from the best Italian writers, who were concerned about Pound's detention at Saint Elisabeth's, from Accrocca and Anceschi to Bartoolini, Bertolucci, Betocchi, Bigongiari, Caproni, Carrieri, Falla-cara, Giudici, Guidacci, Jahier, Luzi, Montale, Prampolini, Prezzolini, Quasimodo, Sereni, Soffici, Spaziani, Traverso, and Valeri. Scheiwiller himself, in his editorial, quoted Giovanni Papini's appeal on Pound's behalf to the American ambassador, Mrs. Luce, adding another string of names. It would seem that the Italian writers cared more about the poet's fate than his compatriots.
Vanni was barely twenty at the time (he was born in 1934) and had already published Pound's
Lavoro ed Usura
(1954),
Tre Cantos
(1954), and
Confucio: Studio Integrale e L'Asse che non vacilla
(1955). He then, with some difficulty, got permission from Pound's U.S. publisher, James Laughlin of New Directions, at Pound's instigation, to publish
Moscardino
in 1956; Pea's text, translated by John Drummond, served as introduction. The little volume was printed by the prince of printers, Giovanni Mardersteig, at his Stamperia Valdonega in Verona in one thousand copies of which perhaps one hundred were sold. Pound's own record had to be “aired” on October 26, 1941, under the title “Books and Music”:
Lavoro ed Usura
(1954),
Tre Cantos
(1954), and
Confucio: Studio Integrale e L'Asse che non vacilla
(1955). He then, with some difficulty, got permission from Pound's U.S. publisher, James Laughlin of New Directions, at Pound's instigation, to publish
Moscardino
in 1956; Pea's text, translated by John Drummond, served as introduction. The little volume was printed by the prince of printers, Giovanni Mardersteig, at his Stamperia Valdonega in Verona in one thousand copies of which perhaps one hundred were sold. Pound's own record had to be “aired” on October 26, 1941, under the title “Books and Music”:
So a few weeks ago Monotti sez: ever read Pea's
Moscardino?
So I read it, and for the first time in your colloquitor's life he wuz
tempted to TRANSLATE a novel, and did so. Ten years ago I had seen Enrico Pea passin' along the sea front and Gino [Saviotti] sez: It's a novelist. Having seen and known POLLEN IDEN, some hundreds, or probably thousands I was not interested in its being a novelist. But the book must be good or I wouldn't be more convinced of the fact AFTER having translated it, than I was before. Of course my act was impractical so far as you are concerned. I haven't the ghost of an idea how I am going to get the manuscript to America or get it published. Pea has never made a cent out of the original. Well neither had Joyce nor Eliot when I started trying to git someone to print 'em.
Moscardino?
So I read it, and for the first time in your colloquitor's life he wuz
tempted to TRANSLATE a novel, and did so. Ten years ago I had seen Enrico Pea passin' along the sea front and Gino [Saviotti] sez: It's a novelist. Having seen and known POLLEN IDEN, some hundreds, or probably thousands I was not interested in its being a novelist. But the book must be good or I wouldn't be more convinced of the fact AFTER having translated it, than I was before. Of course my act was impractical so far as you are concerned. I haven't the ghost of an idea how I am going to get the manuscript to America or get it published. Pea has never made a cent out of the original. Well neither had Joyce nor Eliot when I started trying to git someone to print 'em.
What's it like? Well, if Tom Hardy had been born a lot later, and lived in the hills up back the Lunigiana, which is down along the coast here, and if Hardy hadn't writ what ole Fordie used to call that “sort of small town paper journalese.” And if a lot of other things, includin' temperament, had been different, and so forth . . . that might have been something like Pea's writin' â which I repeat is good writing â and was back in 1921 when
Moscardino
was printed.
Moscardino
is the name of the kid who is tellin' about his grandpop, a nickname like Buck.
Moscardino
was printed.
Moscardino
is the name of the kid who is tellin' about his grandpop, a nickname like Buck.
As soon as the barriers are down I shall be sendin' a copy along for the enlightenment of the American public.
In the meantime, if anyone wants to learn how to write
Italian let 'em read the first chapter of
Forastiero
[
Il forestiero,
Firenze 1937] or the couple of pages on the bloke who had been twenty years in jail. This is just announcin' that Italy has a writer, and it is some time since I told anybody that ANY country on earth had a writer. Like Confucius, knocked 'round and done all sorts of jobs. Writes like a man who could make a good piece of mahogany furniture.
Italian let 'em read the first chapter of
Forastiero
[
Il forestiero,
Firenze 1937] or the couple of pages on the bloke who had been twenty years in jail. This is just announcin' that Italy has a writer, and it is some time since I told anybody that ANY country on earth had a writer. Like Confucius, knocked 'round and done all sorts of jobs. Writes like a man who could make a good piece of mahogany furniture.
That furniture got immortalized in Canto 80:
[. . .]
reminding me of the Bank of Egypt and the gold bars in old Menelik's palace and the mahogany counters and desk work in the branch in, was it, Alexandria put there by Pea (Enrico)
[. . .]
In Pisa, Pound must have remembered his conversations with Pea. Perhaps he had, at the time, encouraged him to write about his life in Egypt.
Vita in Egitto
was published in 1949.
Vita in Egitto
was published in 1949.
I don't know what other books by Pea Pound read at Saint Elisabeth's. There's an amusing letter in which Pound informs Pea that “William Rufus, King of England,
un fiol di canass
(son of a bitch), used
to swear by the âvolto sacro di Lucca.' Can you tell me if the famous crucifix is still in Lucca? Vultus Sanctus, âscolpito da Nicedemo.' I don't know at the moment if I can use it, but perhaps there are some jokes or some local anecdote, like that donkey in Verona about which the Rev. Cav. Dott. Alesssandrro RRRobertson of the Scotch Church in Venice got so excited.”
un fiol di canass
(son of a bitch), used
to swear by the âvolto sacro di Lucca.' Can you tell me if the famous crucifix is still in Lucca? Vultus Sanctus, âscolpito da Nicedemo.' I don't know at the moment if I can use it, but perhaps there are some jokes or some local anecdote, like that donkey in Verona about which the Rev. Cav. Dott. Alesssandrro RRRobertson of the Scotch Church in Venice got so excited.”
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The Reverend Robertson is mentioned in Canto 76:
[. . .]
“Dawnt let 'em git you” burred the bearded Dottore when was the Scotch Kirrk in Venice to warn one against Babylonian intrigue
[. . .]
And the statue of the donkey with ancient rituals still exists in Verona, as does the “Volto Santo” in Lucca. But the translation of the entire text of
Il romanzo di Moscardino
which includes
Il Volto Santo-Magometto-Il Servitore del Diavolo,
1944, is still unpublished, although it was Pea's ardent wish to have it appear in English. Olga Rudge and John Drummond worked on it for several years, but I suppose the manuscript, unsolicited or rejected, like my Hardy translation, never reached the finished stage.
Il romanzo di Moscardino
which includes
Il Volto Santo-Magometto-Il Servitore del Diavolo,
1944, is still unpublished, although it was Pea's ardent wish to have it appear in English. Olga Rudge and John Drummond worked on it for several years, but I suppose the manuscript, unsolicited or rejected, like my Hardy translation, never reached the finished stage.
Pea's last letter to Pound at Saint Elisabeth's is dated March 26, 1958:
Mio carissimo
Pound,
Pound,
The Italian radio t-day, March 26, 1 o'clock, has announced that the American government has finally expressed the good intention to set you free.
Questa notizia ha messo in allegria la mia casa.
[. . .]
Questa notizia ha messo in allegria la mia casa.
[. . .]
The joyful reunion, looked forward to, never took place. On August 11, 1958, Pea died. On that very day, we had addressed a card to the usual Bar Roma, Forte dei Marmi: “EZP
a
E.P.
salutissimi.
”
a
E.P.
salutissimi.
”
Â
In 1981, for Pea's centenary, the province of Lucca sponsored a beautiful volume:
il mondo di Pea.
Pea's world: richly illustrated and with many interesting articles by his friends. On pp. 118â19, right above Montale's words “. . . The superb result is not surprising,” we find the reproduction of the Pesce d'Oro, 1956 cover of
Moscardino,
and a photograph of Ezra Pound, who had died in 1972. Whether a consequence of remarkable editing and layout or of chance, the two friends would have liked it.
il mondo di Pea.
Pea's world: richly illustrated and with many interesting articles by his friends. On pp. 118â19, right above Montale's words “. . . The superb result is not surprising,” we find the reproduction of the Pesce d'Oro, 1956 cover of
Moscardino,
and a photograph of Ezra Pound, who had died in 1972. Whether a consequence of remarkable editing and layout or of chance, the two friends would have liked it.
Mary de Rachewiltz
Brunnenburg, May 2004
Brunnenburg, May 2004
Preface
Before the war Ezra Pound was no more than a name to me. Later I was to learn from Luigi Berti, then his authorized translator, something of the nature of his poetry, with its sudden interpolations of reminiscences, at times parenthetically incorporated in the rhythm of the song, at times abruptly detached from it.
“Ezra Pound is the mysterious master of the best of our modern poets, as he was in the past of Eliot, and of many others in England, France, and America. His poetry is a poetry of imagery, and often of analogy: the word has significance in itself even if it is not always immediately clear how its ordinary meaning is to be understood in the context . . .”
At the same time my curiosity began to be aroused by what I kept hearing of the man and his art. Giovanni Macchia, who was then teaching at the University of Pisa, spoke to me about him; so did G. B. Vicari, Leonardo Sinisgalli, and others. And with surprising simultaneity I also came across specimens of his poetry and repeated references to his name in print. “It happens like that,” Sinisgalli explained
to me: he was always prepared to see the working of occult forces in everything.
to me: he was always prepared to see the working of occult forces in everything.
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