Map of a Nation (79 page)

Authors: Rachel Hewitt

BOOK: Map of a Nation

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Wordsworth, William,
Guide to the Lakes
, ed. Ernest de Selincourt, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1977.

Wordsworth, William,
The Prelude 1799, 1805, 1850
, ed. Jonathan Wordsworth, M.H. Abrams, and Stephen Gill, New York and London: W. W. Norton, 1979.

Wordsworth, William,
The Fenwick Notes of William Wordsworth
, ed. J. Curtis, London: Classical Press, 1993.

Worms, Laurence, ‘Faden, William (1749–1836)’, rev.
Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
, Oxford University Press, 2004; online edn, Oct. 2009 [http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/37406, accessed 8 April 2010].

Wright, John K., ‘Map Makers are Human: Comments on the Subjective in Maps’,
Geographical Review
, 32, pp. 527–44, 1942.

Wyatt, John,
Wordsworth and the Geologists
, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995.

Wyatt, John, ‘Wordsworth’s Black Combe Poems: The Pastoral and the Geographer’s Eye’,
Signatures
, 3, pp. 1.1–1.20, 2001.

Yeakell, Thomas and William Gardner,
The First (Second, Third, Fourth) Sheet of an Actual Topographical Survey of the County of Sussex
, [London]: 1778–83.

Yelling, James Alfred,
Common Field and Enclosure in England, 1450–1850
, London: Macmillan, 1977.

Yolland, William,
An Account of the Measurement of the Lough Foyle Base in Ireland
, London: Longman, 1847.

Young, Arthur,
A Six Week’s Tour through the Southern Counties of England and Wales
, London: W. Nicoll, 1768.

Young, Arthur,
The Farmer’s Tour through the East of England
, 4 vols, London: W. Strahan, 1771.

Young, Arthur,
An Inquiry into the Propriety of Applying Wastes to the Better Maintenance and Support of the Poor
, Bury: J. Rackham, 1801.

Youngson, A.J. (ed.),
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, London: Collins, 1974.

Acknowledgements

The work that has gone into this book was undertaken over a master’s course, a PhD thesis and one-and-a-bit research fellowships, so there are a very large number of debts to acknowledge. Without generous funding this book would have been impossible: I am very grateful to the Arts and Humanities Research Council for master’s and doctoral funding at the Universities of Oxford (Corpus Christi College) and London (Queen Mary); the British Academy for a Small Research Grant; the University of Glamorgan’s Research Centre for Literature, Arts and Science and HEFCW for a two-year Research Fellowship during which this book was officially begun; and the Leverhulme Trust and the School of English and Drama at Queen Mary, the University of London, for an Early Career Research
Fellowship
, during which it was finished. I was immensely fortunate to be awarded first prize in the Royal Society of Literature Jerwood Awards for Non-Fiction, which was a wonderful financial and moral boost, so many thanks are due both to the Royal Society of Literature and to the Jerwood Foundation.

Existing work on the Ordnance Survey’s ‘biography’ and the history of eighteenth-century cartography has proved inspirational. I wish to
acknowledge
the work of Yolande Hodson and the late J.B. Harley, especially their masterful edition of the Ordnance Survey’s First Series, published by Harry Margary. The essays that preface each volume are wonderful. I have also learned a lot from J.H. Andrews’s writings on the nineteenth-century history of the Ordnance Survey in Ireland; Charles Close’s accessible accounts of the Ordnance Survey’s early history; Matthew Edney’s work on the Enlightenment context of triangulation; the late E.G.R. Taylor’s explorations of the mathematical practitioners and instruments of Hanoverian England; and all the contributors to W.A. Seymour’s exhaustive
History of the Ordnance Survey
. Biographies of Jesse Ramsden by Anita McConnell and of Nevil Maskelyne by Derek Howse have been invaluable. I have also been
significantly
influenced by Linda Colley’s insightful works on eighteenth-century British cultural history and nationalism.

For providing stimulating places in which to conduct my research, I am grateful to the staff of the British Library (especially those of the Rare Books and Maps reading rooms); Cambridge University Library (the West Room, Maps and Rare Books rooms); the Bodleian Library in Oxford; the library staff at Corpus Christi College, Oxford; the National Archives in Kew; the National Archives of Scotland (especially the staff of West Register House); the National Library of Ireland; the National Map Library of Scotland; the Manuscript Library at Trinity College, Dublin; the Ordnance Survey at Southampton; and the Paris Observatory.

For assistance with locating images, and kind permission to reproduce them in this book, I thank the British Library; the Syndics of Cambridge University Library; Derrick Chivers; Dominic Fontana at the University of Portsmouth; London’s Guildhall Library; the Joint Services Command and Staff College, Shrivenham (especially Chris Hobson, Head of Library Services); Laing Art Gallery, Tyne and Wear Archives and Museums; London Metropolitan Archives; Giles de Margary at Harry Margary; the National Galleries of Scotland; National Gallery of Ireland; the Trustees of the National Library of Scotland; the National Portrait Gallery, London; the Ordnance Survey, Southampton (especially Glen Hart); MAPCO: Map and Plan Collection Online (www.archivemaps.com); Routledge; the Royal Collection and HM the Queen; the Royal Society; the Royal Society of Antiquaries; Senate House Library, University of London (especially the Special Collections Administrator, Tansy Barton); Tate Gallery, London; V&A Museum; and the West Sussex Record Office. I am also grateful to Faber and Faber for permission to reproduce extracts from Brian Friel’s
Translations
.

I have been very lucky to have a wonderful, energetic and inspiring agent in Tracy Bohan (Wylie Agency), and I am exceptionally grateful to the team at Granta, especially my editor, Sara Holloway, for her close reading of early drafts of this book and clear constructive comments. Benjamin Buchan has been an attentive copyeditor, with a great eye for clarity. I am also indebted to Mandy Woods for proofreading, Brigid Macleod for sales, Pru Rowlandson for publicity, Sarah Wasley for images, Amber Dowell for
assistance
, and Christine Lo for managing the editorial and production process. I owe a great personal and intellectual debt to Yolande Hodson, whose own research on the Ordnance Survey’s early history is awe-inspiring in its depth and detail, and whose generous comments on the entire text of this book have been invaluable. I am grateful, too, to Carolyn Anderson, John Barrell, Valentine Cunningham, Jon Elek, Markman Ellis, Marilyn Gaull, Paul Hamilton, Mike Heffernan, Nick Hewitt, Holger Hoock, Anne Janowitz, John Mullan, Richard Oliver, Nicky Reeve, Catherine Delano Smith and Katherine Sutherland for their comments on versions of the material in this book that have appeared in conference papers, journal articles, doctoral work and early drafts of these chapters. And I am very grateful indeed to William Brown, who valiantly read the whole thing while laid up on the sofa with a mangled knee.

Other forms of assistance have also been greatly appreciated. Thanks are due to the members of the Charles Close Society for the Study of Ordnance Survey Maps, for thought-provoking conversations; Rosemary Baird for a fascinating tour of Goodwood House; Jean Barr for her hospitality and introduction to Carluke local history; John Bonehill for useful discussions about Paul Sandby; Rose Dixon for help with pictures; Chris Fleet at the National Map Library in Edinburgh for stimulating talk about the Military Survey of Scotland; Rita and Ben Henderson at Bunrannoch House for
hospitality
in a very beautiful part of the United Kingdom; Stuart Hepburn and the North West Region of the Royal Geographical Society and Institute of British Geographers, for showing me how to make maps using eighteenth-
century
techniques; Jim Jordan, for giving me a tour of William Roy’s one-time abode on Argyll Street; Helena Kelly for thoughts about enclosure; Ian and Sue Newbon for warmth and kindness; to Elaine Owen, for a
fascinating
discussion about Roy and the early OS in general; Alistair Pegg for a virtual tour of Rhuddlan; Rebecca Peters for research assistance; Aurélie Petiot for help with translations; and Robert Prisk for his loan of a handheld GPS navigator. Special thanks are due to Althea Dundas Bekker and Henrietta Dundas for their astonishing hospitality at Arniston House, and their
generous
permission to consult the fascinating Dundas Archives and to reproduce certain images, for which I am immensely grateful.

My warmest thanks are to those who have supported me during the seven years over which this book was formed. I am indebted to Norma Clarke and Barbara Taylor for consistent encouragement; to Evonne Cameron-Phillips for more than I can say; and to my family, Kim Brown, Sarah Hewitt, Nick Hewitt, Willy Brown and Jackie Scott. I owe so much to my friends, Andrew Spencer, Alistair Pegg, Dominic Lash, Josie Camus, Isla Mackay, Sally Thomson, Will Tosh, and to Rebecca Linden and Joel Cooper, and little Ella Cooper, who I hope will grow up to enjoy the landscapes of the British Isles as much as I do. But most of all, I am so grateful to Pete Newbon, for love and happiness.

Illustration Credits

All images have been reproduced by permission where required. Where no
copyright
holder is stated, the image is in the public domain.

E
NDPAPERS

William Mudge,
General Survey of England and Wales. An Entirely New & Accurate Survey of the County of Kent
, 1801. Detail from Sheet 1: Dartford. © Crown copyright Ordnance Survey. Reproduced by the kind permission of the Ordnance Survey.

[Townland Survey of the County of] Monaghan. Surveyed in 1833–5, Six Inches to One Statute Mile
, 1836. Detail: Castleblayney. © Crown copyright Ordnance Survey. Reproduced by the kind permission of the Ordnance Survey.

P
LATE
S
ECTION

Between pp. 228 and 229

A. Andrea Soldi,
General David Watson
. Oil on canvas. Private Collection at Arniston House. Reproduced by the kind permission of Althea Dundas-Bekker.

B. attr. John Baptist Medina,
Robert Dundas (1685–1753)
. Oils. In the collection at Arniston House. Reproduced by the kind permission of Althea Dundas-Bekker. Photo © Rachel Hewitt.

C. John Speed,
Theatrum Imperii Magnae Britanniae
, 1611: Map of Britain and Ireland. Courtesy of Senate House, University of London, Durning Lawrence Library. Shelfmark: [D. –L.L] Dc [Speed] large fol.

D. attr. Paul Sandby,
Sketchbook of Drawings Made in the Highlands: A Meeting of the Board of Ordnance
, late 1740s. © National Gallery of Scotland, Edinburgh. Image ID D 5339 A.

E. Paul Sandby,
Plan of Castle Tyrim in Muydart. Plan of Castle Duirt in the Island of Mull
, 1748. Reproduced by permission of the Trustees of the National Library of Scotland. Shelfmark MS.1648 Z.03/28e.

F. Paul Sandby,
A View Near Loch Rannoch
, 1749. Reproduced by permission of the British Library. Shelfmark K.Top.50.83.2.

G. William Roy,
A Very Large and Highly Finished Colored Military Survey of the Kingdom of Scotland
, 1747–1755. Detail: area around Inverness and Culloden (Grid Reference NH7146). Reproduced by permission of the British Library. Shelfmark Maps C.9.b.26/2e.

H. George Cruickshank,
The Antiquarian Society
, 1812. Coloured engraving. Reproduced with permission of Mr Derrick Chivers. Photograph copyright of Society of Antiquaries of London.

I. Sir Joshua Reynolds,
Sir Joseph Banks, Bt
, 1771–3. Oil on Canvas. © National Portrait Gallery, London.

J. Louis van der Puyl,
Nevil Maskelyne
, 1785. Oil on canvas. © The Royal Society.