Map of a Nation (65 page)

89
the inhabitants of Ditchling Gazetteer and New Daily Advertiser
, 19935, 31 October 1792.

90
22 feet north-west
Mudge, Williams and Dalby, 1795a, p. 473.

91
furnish Mr Gardner
Mudge and Dalby, pp. xi–xii.

92
seemed to dance up and down
Mudge, Williams and Dalby, 1795a, p. 587.

93
how wide the view!
Charlotte Smith, ‘Beachy Head’, 1807, in Smith, Charlotte, 1993, p. 238.

94
had the mortification to hear Morning Post
, 6332, 7 August 1793.

95
north-west chimney
Mudge, Williams and Dalby, 1795a, p. 549.

96
As the first joint production
Hodson, 1999, makes the case for the Gardner and Gream map of 1795 as ‘the First Ordnance Survey Map’.

97
the only maps
Mudge, Williams and Dalby, 1797a, p. 540.

98
Longham Common
Mudge, Williams and Dalby, 1795a, p. 458.

99
King’s Sedgemoor
Mudge, Williams and Dalby, 1795a, p. 488.

100
Over a period of about
For histories of Enclosure, see Hoskins; Mingay, 1968; Mingay, 1997; Mingay, 1999; Rackham; Turner; Yelling, Michael. I am also grateful to Helena Kelly for conversations about enclosure (see Kelly).

101
how the hedges and fences
Moir, Esther, p. 111.

102
All I know is, I had a cow
Young, 1801, p. 43.

103
what a disgrace
Young, 1771, iii, p. 193.

104
such a vast tract
Young, 1768, pp. 193–7.

105
what an amazing improvement
Young, 1768, pp. 193–7.

106
a commanding view
Mudge, Williams and Dalby, 1795a, p. 476.

107
on foot over Salisbury Plain
Wordsworth, ‘Guilt and Sorrow, or Incidents Upon Salisbury Plain’, in Wordsworth, 1969, p. 19.

108
melancholy forebodings
Wordsworth, ‘Guilt and Sorrow, or Incidents Upon Salisbury Plain’, in Wordsworth, 1969, p. 18.

109
long continuance
Wordsworth, ‘Guilt and Sorrow, or Incidents Upon Salisbury Plain’, in Wordsworth, 1969, p. 19.

110
gathering clouds grew red
Wordsworth, ‘Guilt and Sorrow, or Incidents Upon Salisbury Plain’, in Wordsworth, 1969, p. 19, l. 19.

111
the blank sky
Wordsworth, ‘Guilt and Sorrow, or Incidents Upon Salisbury Plain’, in Wordsworth, 1969, p. 19, l. 23.

112
a naked guide-post’s double head
Wordsworth, ‘Guilt and Sorrow, or Incidents Upon Salisbury Plain’, in Wordsworth, 1969, p. 21, l. 134.

113
gleam of pleasure
Wordsworth, ‘Guilt and Sorrow, or Incidents Upon Salisbury Plain’, in Wordsworth, 1969, p. 21, l. 135.

114
when the cultivated ground
Mudge, Williams and Dalby, 1795a, p. 467.

115
an antique castle
Wordsworth, ‘Guilt and Sorrow, or Incidents Upon Salisbury Plain’, in Wordsworth, 1969, p. 20, l. 114.

116
Pile of Stonehenge!
Wordsworth, ‘Guilt and Sorrow, or Incidents Upon Salisbury Plain’, in Wordsworth, 1969, p. 20, l. 118.

117
by which the Druids
Wordsworth, 1979, p. 454, Book 12: ll. 345–7.

118
strange lines
Wordsworth, ‘Guilt and Sorrow, or Incidents Upon Salisbury Plain’, in Wordsworth, 1969, p. 20, l. 112.

119
to hint yet keep
Wordsworth, ‘Guilt and Sorrow, or Incidents Upon Salisbury Plain’, in Wordsworth, 1969, p. 20, ll. 18–19.

120
a sound of chains
Wordsworth, ‘Guilt and Sorrow, or Incidents Upon Salisbury Plain’, in Wordsworth, 1969, p. 20, ll. 76–9.

121
the largest known expanse
‘Salisbury Plain’, p. 1.

122
laid down
Mudge, Williams and Dalby, 1795a, p. 589.

1
Geometrical and Trigonometrical Operations The Times
, 4817, 10 June 1800.

2
a Survey of the Island Lloyd’s Evening Post
, 5473, 25 July 1792.

3
the novelty of half-a-dozen tents London Evening Post
, 11560, 15 August 1797; also in
London Packet or New Lloyd’s Evening Post
, 4367, 14 August 1797.

4
five hundred Copies
Edward Williams to Joseph Banks, RS, MM3, f. 50, 15 June 1795.

5
On 25 June 1795
Mudge, Williams and Dalby, 1795a, p. 414.

6
rate of expansion
Mudge, Williams and Dalby, 1795a, p. 426.

7
the Commencement of the Trigonometrical Operation
Mudge, Williams and Dalby, 1795a, p. 441.

8
the Improvements in the great Theodolite
Mudge, Williams and Dalby, 1795a, p. 441.

9
Base of Verification on Salisbury Plain
Mudge, Williams and Dalby, 1795a, p. 474.

10
Two years later
Mudge, Williams and Dalby, 1797a, p. 432.

11
Joseph Lindley and William Crosley
Harley, 1966a, pp. 372–8.

12
Thomas Vincent Reynolds
For William Roy’s Last Will and Testament, see NA, PROB 11/1194.

13
the Board of Ordnance had appointed Reynolds
See Thomas Vincent Reynolds, ‘Queries Humbly Submitted to general the Duke of Richmond Relative to the Compilation of a Military Map of the Southern District’, NA, OS 3/5.

14
Military Map of Kent, Sussex, Surrey
Extracts of Minutes, NA, WO 47/2365, 19 December 1793.

15
the road-book
Moir, Esther, pp. 9–10.

16
the very ingenious Major
Mudge
Paterson, p. xviii.

17
The Measurements of the Heights of Mountains
Paterson, p. xviii.

18
may depend upon every information
Paterson, p. xviii.

19
In 1797 a physician
Maton, pp. 18–19.

20
for the first time
Close, 1969, p. 55.

21
very excellent trigonometrical survey
Beeke, pp. 8–9.

22
to give the crown
Moon, p. 229, cited in Bayly and Prior. See Bayly and Prior for a brief account of Cornwallis’s life and achievements.

23
union of the parties
Mudge and Dalby, p. xii.

24
for public use
Mudge and Dalby, p. xiii.

25
Ordnance Survey Maps
See Mudge’s annotation to [Thomas Budgen], ‘Exeter’, Ordnance Surveyors’ Drawings, BL, OSD 40 pt 3, 1801.

26
in June 1795
For an account of the Ordnance Survey’s progress in 1795 and 1796, see Mudge, Williams and Dalby, 1797a, pp. 432–541.

27
an eighteen-inch theodolite
Close, 1969, p. 34; Mudge, Williams and Dalby, 1797a, p. 432.

28
General Instructions for the Officers of Engineers
Charles Lennox, 3rd Duke of Richmond, ‘General Instructions for the Officers of Engineers Employed in Surveying’, NA, WO 30/115, ff. 175–82, 17 July 1785. Harley and O’Donoghue, I, p. xxx, point out that another version of these Instructions is contained in NA, WO 30/54, art. 22, catalogued under the name of William Roy.

29
small Theodolets
Charles Lennox, ‘General Instructions for the Officers of Engineers Employed in Surveying’, NA, WO 30/115, f. 179.

30
proceed around
Charles Lennox, ‘General Instructions for the Officers of Engineers Employed in Surveying’, NA, WO 30/115, f. 179.

31
it is likely
See Close, 1969, p. 38, for the assertion that the Ordnance Survey did not use the plane-table surveying method. See Harley and O’Donoghue, I, p. xxx, for further discussion of the Interior Surveyors’ methods.

32
works of art
Hodson, 1989, p. 15.

33
Britain’s new Hydrographic Office
See Day, Archibald; and Cook.

34
in a masterly manner
Mudge and Dalby, p. xiii.

35
Died, Last week in London Sun
, 1669, 29 January 1798.

36
He had preferred to talk instead General Evening Post
, 7976, 4 February 1796.

37
you will accordingly take on yourself
Flint, pp. 123–4.

38
had the honour to kiss Oracle and Public Advertiser
, 19872, 3 March 1798.

39
By now he had
Flint, pp. 154–5.

40
no longer able to endure the fatigues
Mudge, William, 1800, p. 4.

41
the extent of his service
Mudge, William, 1800, p. 4.

42
he applied to the Royal Society William
Mudge to Joseph Banks, RS, MM3, f. 61, 15 November 1798.

43
to possess some general Map
Mudge and Dalby, p. xiii.

44
it has been very justly expected
Mudge and Dalby, p. xii–xiii.

45
The climate of that decade
See Barrell, 2006; Hilton, pp. 39–109.

46
Alien Office
For histories of espionage in this period, and the ‘spirit of
despotism
’, see Barrell, 2004; Barrell, 2006; Dandeker; Guest; Porter, Bernard.

47
System of Preventitive [sic] Police
William Wickham to Portland, BL, Add. MS 33107, f. 3, 3 January 1801.

48
pernicious seditious & evil disposed Person
‘Assizes for trial of Mr. Edward Swift, Berks’, NA, TS 11/944/3433.

49
panopticism
See Bentham; and Foucault. For a discussion of these ideas of panopticism applied to cartography, see Harley, 1988; Harley, ‘Deconstructing the Map’; and Mitchell.

50
astonishment
William Wordsworth, ‘To the Editor of the Morning Post’, in Wordsworth, 1977, pp. 157–66 (pp. 160–1).

51
It was the same in France
Robb, p. 5.

52
wandering on the hills
Coleridge, Samuel Taylor, 1983, I, pp. 196–7.

53
surely a French Jacobin
Cited in Eagleston, p. 77.

54
to some principal at Bristol
Cited in Eagleston, p. 80.

55
a Sett of violent Democrats
Walsh to George III, 16 August 1797, cited in Eagleston, p. 82.

56
Spy Nosey
Coleridge, Samuel Taylor, 1983, I, pp. 196–7.

57
studies, as the artists call them
Coleridge, Samuel Taylor, 1983, I, pp. 196–7.

58
it was my purpose
Coleridge, Samuel Taylor, 1983, I, pp. 196–7.

59
a Secret Service to Survey
Documentation regarding Hugh Debbieg’s ‘Secret Service’ can be found in NA, Chatham Papers, PRO 30/8/129, ff. 2–31, 1788–1801; and NA, TS 11/944/3436. This particular citation is found in ‘Legal papers regarding case of Hugh Debbieg vs Lord Howe’, NA, TS 11/944/3436, f. 1, 5 February 1782.

60
immense invasion
Ravenhill, 1994, p. 165. See Ravenhill, 1994, pp. 159–72 for information regarding Clifford’s activities.

61
a box 5 feet long
Robert Edward Clifford, Ugbrooke Park Archives, Box 15, 30 May 1803; cited in Ravenhill, 1994, p. 168.

62
the Plans of the Vendée
General Simcoe to Lord Clifford, John Graves Simcoe Letters, Archives of Ontario, Series A-4-1, 23 May 1803; cited in Ravenhill, 1994, p. 168.

63
a grand military expedition
Letter, 23 August 1801, John Graves Simcoe Letters, Archives of Ontario, Series A-4-1; cited in Ravenhill, 1994, p. 168.

64
a system o
f
TERROR
The Cabinet
, cited in Hilton, p. 65.

65
the employment of spies
Knox, p. 107.

66
If this Military Projector
Anon, 1786, p. 48.

67
It has also been suggested
Dandeker, pp. 49–51.

68
a Royal Warrant in 1804
Simon Woolcot to William Mudge, 4 May 1804, cited in Close, 1969, p. 50.

69
a considerable degree of uneasiness
Simon Woolcot to William Mudge, 4 May 1804, cited in Close, 1969, p. 50.

70
these maps the Board of Ordnance Courier and Evening Gazette
, 2180, 15 August 1799.

71
An accurate Topographical Survey The Times
, 4525, 3 July 1799.

72
William Faden
For an account of Faden’s life, see Worms. For the history of his partnership with Jefferys, see Harley, 1966b; and Pedley.

73
the place and quality of Geographer in Ordinary
Worms.

74
the maps needed to be portable
William Mudge to Lieutenant-General of the Board of Ordnance, NA, WO 47/2372, 10 April 1799; cited in Harley and O’Donoghue, I, pp. xxviii.

75
the publication process
For descriptions of the methods and meanings of
map-printing
techniques in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, see Harley, 1968; Johns; Mumford, 1968; Mumford, 1972; Raisz, p. 22; Robinson, Arthur, 1975; Stone; Woodward.

76
the engravers had to traipse
Harley and O’Donoghue, I, p. xxxii.

77
regional map-makers had been thinking
For accounts of the history of toponymy on British maps, see Andrews, J.H., 1992; Andrews, J.H., 2006, pp. 86, 92, 120–8, 156, 167–8, 281–98; Doherty, pp. 17–21; 55–77; 140–56; Harley, 1971; Harley and Walters, 1982; Ó Cadhla, pp. 5, 26, 28, 81, 104, 171, 218–44; Withers, 2000.

78
the most carefull observer
Norden, p. 23, cited in Harley, 1971, p. 92.

79
knowing Gentlemen
Camden, 1971, Preface, cited in Harley, 1971, p. 92.

80
to make the work as perfect
William Mudge, Ordnance Office and War Office: Correspondence, NA, WO 44/299; cited in Harley, 1971, p. 93.

81
like a gauzy and radiant fabric
Conrad, 1988, p. 8.

82
the map of Kent was by much
Mulgrave, cited in Flint, p. 144.

83
presented the Map to his Majesty
William Mudge to Lieut-Col Hadden, 14 January 1802, cited in Close, 1969, p. 56.