Madrigals Magic Key to Spanish (92 page)
Read Madrigals Magic Key to Spanish Online
Authors: Margarita Madrigal
Tags: #Reference, #Language Arts & Disciplines
¿Ha trabajado mucho?
Have you worked a lot?
¿Va a trabajar mucho?
Are you going to work a lot?
¿Está trabajando mucho?
Are you working a lot?
¿Ha pagado la cuenta?
Have you paid the bill?
¿Va a pagar la cuenta?
Are you going to pay the bill?
¿Está pagando la cuenta?
Are you paying the bill?
¿Ha estudiado mucho?
¿Va a estudiar mucho?
¿Está estudiando mucho?
Keep in mind that in the third man verb form auxiliary verbs (singular) end in “a.” It makes conversation much easier.
| MASCULINE SINGULAR | MASCULINE PLURAL |
| este hombre, this man | estos hombres, these men |
| este barco, this ship | estos barcos, these ships |
| este sombrero, this hat | estos sombreros, these hats |
| este perro, this dog | estos perros, these dogs |
| este gato, this cat | estos gatos, these cats |
| este papel, this paper | estos papeles, these papers |
| este mes, this month | estos meses, these months |
| este año, this year | estos años, these years |
| | |
| ese hombre, that man | esos hombres, those men |
| ese barco, that ship | esos barcos, those ships |
| ese papel, that paper | esos papeles, those papers |
| ese año, that year | esos años, those years |
| ese doctor, that doctor | esos doctores, those doctors |
| ese caballo, that horse | esos caballos, those horses |
| FEMININE SINGULAR | FEMININE PLURAL |
| esta blusa, this blouse | estas blusas, these blouses |
| esta casa, this house | estas casas, these houses |
| esta semana, this week | estas semanas, these weeks |
| esta mesa, this table | estas mesas, these tables |
| esa mesa, that table | esas mesas, those tables |
| esa flor, that flower | esas flores, those flowers |
| esa pluma, that pen | esas plumas, those pens |
| esa taza, that cup | esas tazas, those cups |
“Este” means “this” when it is used as a masculine adjective that modifies a noun.
EXAMPLES
:
este hombre,
this man
este mes,
this month
“Esto” means “this” when it is used as a pronoun referring to something that is neither masculine nor feminine.
EXAMPLES
:
Esto es bueno.
This is good.
Esto es malo.
This is bad.
“Este” is an adjective. (“Este” is used as a pronoun only when it means “this one,” masc.)
“Esto” is a pronoun.
LOS NÚMEROS (
THE
NUMBERS
)
0 cero
1 uno
2 dos
3 tres
4 cuatro
5 cinco
6 seis
7 siete
8 ocho
9 nueve
10 diez
11 once
12 doce
13 trece
14 catorce
15 quince
16 diez y seis
17 diez y siete
18 diez y ocho
19 diez y nueve
20 veinte
21 veintiuno
22 veintidós
23 veintitrés
24 veinticuatro
25 veinticinco
26 veintiséis
27 veintisiete
28 veintiocho
29 veintinueve
30 treinta
31 treinta y uno
32 treinta y dos, etc.
40 cuarenta
41 cuarenta y uno
42 cuarenta y dos, etc.
50 cincuenta
51 cincuenta y uno, etc.
60 sesenta
61 sesenta y uno, etc.
70 setenta
71 setenta y uno, etc.
80 ochenta
81 ochenta y uno, etc.
90 noventa
91 noventa y uno, etc.
100 cien
101 ciento uno
102 ciento dos
103 ciento tres
104 ciento cuatro, etc.
150 ciento cincuenta
175 ciento setenta y cinco
200 doscientos
300 trescientos
400 cuatrocientos
500 quinientos
600 seiscientos
700 setecientos
800 ochocientos
900 novecientos
1,000 mil
1,300 mil trescientos
2,000 dos mil, etc.
50,000 cincuenta mil
1,000,000 un millón
$2,000,000 dos millones de dólares.
las palmeras
VERBS
erb” is derived from the Latin “verbum,” which means “word.” The verb is the master word, the king of words. It is the word that governs, dominates, and breathes life into a sentence.
You cannot speak Spanish correctly without being able to use verbs in all their forms. This is not difficult, however, because Spanish verbs follow a beautiful logic; they are clear, concise, well ordered, and almost perfectly organized.
You have already learned the most useful and important forms of the verb. But before you proceed with other material it is good to assemble all the tenses of the verbs that you already know into one lesson, so that you can review what you have studied. Master the verbs.
In reviewing, you will find one complete “ar” verb in the left-hand column below, and one complete “er” verb in the right-hand column below. The endings and the auxiliary verbs (estoy,
he, etc.) have been printed in capital lett
ers so that you can recognize them easily.
| AR VERB CAMINAR, to walk | ER VERB APRENDER, to learn |
| PRESENT | PRESENT |
| camin O, I walk | aprendO, I learn |
 caminA,you walk, he, she walks | aprendE, you learn |
| | aprendEMOS, we learn |
| caminAMOS, we walk |  aprendEN,they learn |
| caminAN, they, you (pl.) walk | |
| PAST ( PRETERITE ) | PAST ( PRETERITE ) |
| caminÉ, I walked | aprendĺ, I learned |
| caminÓ, you walked | aprendIÓ, you learned |
| caminAMOS, we walked | aprendlMOS, we learned |
| caminARON, they walked | aprendlERON, they learned |
