Louisa (55 page)

Had Louisa mentioned
:
Miller,
Arguing About Slavery
; Howe,
What Hath God Wrought,
512–15. Kenneth S. Greenberg, ed.,
Nat Turner: A Slave Rebellion in History and Memory
(New York: Oxford University Press, 2003).

John Quincy was not
:
Miller,
Arguing About Slavery
, 206–12; JQA to CFA, December 15, 18–21, 1835, AFP; Michael O'Brien,
Henry Adams and the Southern Question
(Athens: University of Georgia Press, 2005), 161.

When they arrived
:
LCA to CFA, February 10, 1837, AFP.

That morning he had
:
Miller,
Arguing About Slavery
, 343–48; Joseph Wheelan,
Mr. Adams's Last Crusade: John Quincy Adams's Extraordinary Post-Presidential Life in Congress
(New York: Public Affairs, 2008), 130–33.

John Quincy was indeed
:
Oliver,
Portraits of John Quincy Adams and His Wife,
vii; Miller,
Arguing About Slavery,
297.

His wife was different
:
LCA to CFA, February 10, 1837, AFP.

The feeling of a fight
:
Ibid.; “Diary,” DLCA 2:694; LCA to JQA, November 5, 1840, AFP. For more on Rachel Clark, see LCA to CFA, January 1, 1832, LCA to JQA, May 12, 1837, AFP.

Louisa wasn't afraid
:
LCA to Mary Hellen Adams, May 30, 1833, AFP; “Diary,” DLCA 2:696.

She could imagine
:
LCA to CFA, February 2, 1838, AFP; “Diary,” DLCA 2:696–97.

Unlike most white Americans
:
Mann, “Slavery Exacts an Impossible Price,” 50–230; LCA to CFA, February 7, 1838, AFP.

Even as John Quincy
:
LCA to Abigail Brooks Adams, May 14, 1847, January 29, 1848, AFP.

As he had for years
:
John Quincy Adams, “Misconceptions of Shakespeare upon the Stage,”
New-England Magazine
9 (December 1835): 435–40; DJQA, January 25, 1843.

If Louisa learned
:
LCA to CFA, March 19, 1843, AFP; Miller
,
Arguing About Slavery
, 306.

2

At times, she was
:
LCA to CFA, February 24, 1837, AFP.

The ne plus ultra
:
Zagarri,
Revolutionary Backlash,
145.

Despite her battle cry
:
JQA to LCA, September 29, 1837, LCA to CFA, December 27, 1837, AFP.

That was another joke
:
The series of letters “On the Province of Women” was originally published in the
New England Spectator
and then republished as a pamphlet. Sarah Grimké,
Letters on the Equality of the Sexes, and the Condition of Woman
(Boston: Isaac Knapp, 1838); Miller,
Arguing About Slavery,
315.

But when Louisa read
:
“Diary,” DLCA 2:713–14; LCA to CFA, February 7, 1838, AFP.

“Although I have not”
:
LCA to Sarah Grimké, January 11, 1838, Sarah Grimké to LCA, February 6, 1838, AFP. The interpretation of the equality of the sexes that Louisa had offered to Grimké, in which Adam and Eve were intellectually equal but Eve was spared from labor due to her beauty, came from a reading of Genesis that borrowed from a common interpretation of Milton's
Paradise Lost.
Milton's Eve was a paragon—“Grace was in all her steps. / Heaven in her eye. In every gesture dignity and love”—and the Victorian woman, the angel of the hearth, was her descendant. Louisa tried even to excuse Eve of the fall. It was
Adam's
fault, she wrote. His love of Eve had turned into a “
Passion
” for her, and had led him to sin. In Louisa's account nowhere does she mention that Eve bit the apple first. Nowhere does she account for Eve's desires.

Grimké replied sympathetically
:
Sarah Grimké to LCA, August 8, 1838, AFP.

So many women
:
Caroline Frye to LCA, September 24, 1845, Sarah Grimké to LCA, February 6, April 13, April 20, August 8, 1838, AFP.

Even Grimké's response
:
JQA to LCA, November 15, 1838, AFP.

There was no groundswell
:
Miller,
Arguing About Slavery,
317. For women and petitioning, see Susan Zaeske,
Signatures of Citizenship: Petitioning, Antislavery, & Women's Political Identity
(Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2003), and Susan Zaeske, “‘A Nest of Rattlesnakes Let Loose Among Them': Congressional Debates over Women's Antislavery Petitions,” in
In the Shadow of Freedom
, 97–124.

It stood to John Quincy
:
Miller,
Arguing About Slavery
, 318, 322.

When a woman
:
Bemis,
John Quincy Adams and the Union,
372.

In early September
:
DJQA, September 3, 1838.

What must it have
:
LCA to CFA, March 26, March 8, 1838, LCA to Abigail Brooks Adams, January 12, 1836, AFP.

She defended herself
:
LCA to CFA, May 30, 1841, AFP.

Her thoughts about gender
:
LCA to Abigail Brooks Adams, November 27, 1840, August 7, 1846, AFP.

Essays like one
:
Zagarri,
Revolutionary Backlash
, 16, 170.

Nothing less than
:
LCA to JA2, December 23, 1821, AFP.

Where did that leave
:
Heffron,
Louisa Catherine,
333; “Diary,” DLCA 2:732–34.

It wasn't only
:
“Adventures,” DLCA 1:247, 175.

How hard it was
:
Bemis,
John Quincy Adams and the Union,
375–76.

When she did
:
JQA to CFA, April 14, 1841, AFP.

He must have
:
LCA to Abigail Brooks Adams, April 3, 1841, AFP.

She kept to her
:
“Diary,” DLCA 2:753; “Adventures,” DLCA 1:64; “Diary,” DLCA 2:747.

Even as she struggled
:
“Adventures,” DLCA 1:63–64.

On July 1, 1840
:
Ibid., 355.

Many historians and biographers
:
Quoted in Zaeske, “‘A Nest of Rattlesnakes Let Loose Among Them,'” 109; Bemis,
John Quincy Adams and the Union,
7.

Louisa's voice in
:
LCA to [illegible], April 9, 1849, Everett-Peabody Papers, Massachusetts Historical Society.

3

“Among the many”
:
LCA to Abigail Brooks Adams, January 15, 1844, AFP.

It amazed her
:
LCA to Mary Hellen Adams, January 22, 1847, AFP.

Her eyes and voice
:
LCA to CFA, March 16, 1841, January 8, 1846, AFP.

Every New Year's Day
:
LCA to CFA, January 2, 1848, AFP.

In 1843, Louisa's
:
LCA, “Rough Draft of my Will,” October 23, 1843, AFP; Linda K. Kerber,
Women of the Republic: Intellect and Ideology in Revolutionary America
(Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1980), 9.

When she needed cash
:
Henry Adams,
The Education of Henry Adams,
ed. Ernest Samuels (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1974), 16–19; Garry Wills,
Henry Adams and the Making of America
(Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2005), 16. Wills convincingly argues that Henry drew on Louisa, as well as his wife, Clover, as a model for the female protagonists of his novels.

On July 11, 1847
:
DJQA, July 30, 1847.

Their old quarrels
:
LCA to Abigail Brooks Adams, May 14, 1847, AFP; Adams,
The Education of Henry Adams,
14.

Both of them
:
DJQA, November 18, 1838.

She had felt
:
“Diary,” DLCA 1:84.

The previous November
:
LCA to Mary Hellen Adams, November 25, 1846, AFP.

Louisa sat with him
:
LCA to Mary Hellen Adams, November 29, 1846, February 3, 1847, AFP.

John Quincy knew
:
DJQA February 11, 1847; “Diary,” DLCA 2:702; LCA to Mary Hellen Adams, December 1, 1846, AFP.

The Adams house
:
Mary Cutts,
The Queen of America: Mary Cutts's Life of Dolley Madison
, ed. Catherine Allgor (Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 2012), 174–75.

Louisa had lost
:
LCA to Abigail Brooks Adams, February 6, 1848, AFP. For political chatter, see, for instance, LCA to CFA, January 13, January 27–February 7, 1848, AFP.

On February 21
:
Kaplan,
John Quincy Adams,
568; Wheelan,
Mr. Adams's Last Crusade,
248.

By the time
:
LCA to Harriet Boyd, April 8, 1848, Herbert Battles Tanner Family Papers, 1790–1972, Wisconsin Historical Society, Library-Archives Division.

Louisa spent the next months
:
“Diary,” DLCA 2:770.

She would live
:
John Adams III to Abigail Brooks Adams, January 11, 1852, AFP.

But she looked
:
Abigail Brooks Adams to CFA, February 27, 1852, Elizabeth C. Adams to CFA, May 6, 1852, Elizabeth C. Adams to Abigail Brooks Adams [ante May 15, 1842], AFP.

On May 15
:
DCFA, May 15–16, 1852, AFP.

Louisa's funeral was
:
Baltimore
Sun,
May 19, 1852;
National Intelligencer,
May 19, 1852.

Charles was later
:
DCFA, May 18, 1852, AFP.

That December, her body
:
DCFA, May 23, 1852, AFP.

The page numbers in this index refer to the printed version of this book. The link provided will take you to the beginning of that print page. You may need to scroll forward from that location to find the corresponding reference on your e-reader.

Adams, Abby (daughter of Thomas),
312
,
355

Adams, Abby Brooks (wife of Charles),
363
,
375
,
387
,
397
,
448
,
450
,
451
,
453
–54

children of,
398

Louisa's gift of washbasin to,
443
–44

Adams, Abigail (mother of JQA),
2
,
3
,
5
,
125
,
127
,
158
,
174
,
202
,
299
,
404
,
429
,
433
,
441
,
446

Catherine Johnson and,
132

death of,
265
,
278
,
282

Frazier and,
36
,
64

JQA and,
3
,
32
,
35
–38,
57
,
69
,
92
,
113
–14,
127
,
136
,
137
,
172
,
179
,
186
,
190
–91,
197
, 242

Louisa and,
63
–64,
106
–8,
131
–33,
135
,
139
,
144
,
152
,
154
–55,
161
,
173
–74,
193
,
197
,
232
–34,
236
–37,
239
–40, 242,
244
,
247
,
248
,
250
,
252
,
263
–65,
271
,
277

Louisa's meeting of,
123
–24,
131
–33

political power of,
99
,
100

in raising of Louisa's children,
154
–55,
158

return to Quincy,
132
–33

Adams, Arthur (son of Charles),
446
,
448

Adams, Charles (brother of JQA),
36
,
81

death of,
114
,
115
,
133
,
150

Adams, Charles Francis (son),
7
,
51
,
186
,
188
,
194
,
235
,
281
,
293
,
299
,
308
,
315
–17,
327
,
328
,
330
,
340
,
341
,
345
,
346
,
352
,
355
,
357
–59,
363
,
370
,
375
,
379
,
381
–83,
385
–90,
395
,
397
,
398
,
404
,
421
,
426
,
428
,
429
,
438
–40,
445
,
446
,
448
,
451

and ball for Jackson,
312
,
313

birth of,
157

character of,
204
,
315

children of,
398

diary of,
352
–53,
355
,
388
–90,
404
,
406
,
455

education of,
237
,
240
–42,
258
–59,
278
–80,
293
,
315

on George,
352
–53

George's child and,
388

John's death and,
406
,
407

in journey across Europe,
6
,
213
–14,
224
–26,
234

Louisa's death and,
454
–55

marriage of,
387

Mary Hellen and,
316

in Paris,
232
,
233

physical appearance of,
204

as presidential nominee,
444

in Russia,
165
,
169
,
199
,
203
–6,
208

on Thomas,
344

Adams, Elizabeth (daughter of Thomas),
345
,
415
–18,
454

Adams, Georgeanna Frances “Fanny” (daughter of John Adams II),
390
,
392
,
395
,
398
,
406

death of,
439

Adams, George Washington (son),
124
,
126
–29,
135
,
136
,
141
,
149
–51,
153
,
154
–55,
157
,
158
,
188
,
241
, 242,
281
–83,
293
,
307
,
320
,
338
–40,
343
,
347
–48,
349
–55,
358
,
370
,
371
,
380
,
382
–83,
391
,
396
,
401

birth of,
118
–19,
123

character of,
234
–35,
316
,
347
,
349
,
352
–53

Charles on,
352
–53

child fathered by,
388

death of,
383
–87,
389
,
390
,
393
–94,
397
,
399
,
401

debts of,
388

diary of,
350
–51

education of,
237
–38,
258
–59,
278
–80,
293
,
316
,
349

in England,
236
,
240

illnesses of,
352
–55,
363

John Adams's death and,
347
,
350
,
352

JQA and,
349
,
352

and JQA's appointment to Russia,
164
–66,
187
,
196
,
202
,
349
,
351

law studies of,
316
,
350
,
351

Mary Hellen and,
316
,
352

physical appearance of,
234
–35,
351

poem by,
385
–86

reunited with parents in London,
234
–35

Adams, Hannah,
437

Adams, Henry (son of Charles),
51
–52,
447
,
448

Adams, John (father of JQA),
2
,
3
,
7
,
16
,
34
,
99
,
105
,
125
,
127
,
142
,
174
,
260
,
268
,
270
,
299
,
315
,
332
,
365

Abigail's death and,
282

Abigail's political power and,
99
,
100

death of,
342
–44,
347
,
350
,
352

Discourses on Davila,
283

elected president,
61
,
65

failing health of,
339

grandson George and,
347
,
349
,
350
,
352

grandson John and,
241

house and land of,
343
–47,
395

Jefferson and,
114
,
115
,
146
,
160

Joshua Johnson and,
337

JQA and,
3
,
13
,
33
–37,
56
–57,
62
,
113
–15,
136
,
137
,
142
,
161
,
191
,
347

JQA assigned to Prussia by,
75
–76

and JQA in Senate,
148

JQA summoned back to U.S. by,
118

Louisa and,
63
,
64
–65,
107
,
108
,
260
,
262
,
267
,
271
,
274
,
277
,
282
,
288
,
294
,
307

Louisa's meeting of,
123
–24,
131

in presidential election of 1800,
114
,
115
,
132
,
146

return to Quincy,
132
–33

slaves and,
288

Thomas Johnson and,
128

will and estate of,
343
–47

Adams, John, Sr. (grandfather of JQA),
343

Adams, John II (son),
141
,
149
,
150
,
153
–55,
157
,
158
,
159
, 242,
281
,
293
,
312
,
318
,
347
–48,
353
,
355
–56,
358
,
370
,
379
,
382
–83,
388
,
389
,
392
,
393
,
395
,
398
,
401
,
403

assault on,
359
,
363

birth of,
140

character of,
235
,
347

death of,
404
–7

education of,
237
,
241
,
258
–59,
278
–80,
316

in England,
236

expelled from Harvard,
316

illnesses of,
239
,
404

and JQA's appointment to Russia,
164
–66,
187
,
196
,
202

marriage and fatherhood of,
368
,
369
,
375
,
382
,
398

physical appearance of,
235

reunited with parents in London,
234
–35

Adams, John Quincy:

Alexander and,
178
–79

aloofness and lack of social graces in,
179
–80,
269
–70,
276
,
295
,
296
,
299

assassination threats against,
438

attacks on,
338
,
359
,
360

billiard table of,
381

books and reading of,
65
,
70
,
76
,
104
,
136
,
206
,
207
,
238
,
240

campaign biography of,
302

career of,
2
–3,
13
,
33
–36,
61
–62,
138
–39,
147
–48,
157
,
197
,
250
,
252
,
261
,
401
,
440

Catherine Johnson and,
41
–42,
50
,
53
,
54
,
66
–67

Clay and,
201
,
321
–22,
338
,
340
,
358
,
367

Colombia negotiations of,
331

Columbia Mill of,
387
,
395
,
405

congressional career after presidency,
392
–97,
409
–10,
415
–21,
424
–26,
427
,
428
,
445
,
450
–52

congressional elections during presidency of,
359

crypt of,
455

dacha rented by,
184
–85,
186

daughter's death and,
190
–91

death of,
6
,
452
–53

debt and,
80
–81,
343
–44,
394
–95

depressions of,
364
–65,
375

diary of,
3
,
32
,
39
,
41
,
54
,
77
,
78
,
80
,
88
,
89
,
91
,
98
,
99
,
104
,
105
,
110
–12,
114
,
124
,
129
,
137
–39,
144
,
150
,
151
,
154
,
189
,
191
,
194
,
195
,
197
,
233
,
236
–38,
246
–48,
250
–52,
269
–70,
287
,
299
,
303
,
311
,
313
–14,
322
,
323
,
330
,
346
,
353
,
354
,
358
,
367
,
368
,
384
,
425
,
433
,
442

dinners and balls attended by,
98

divorce and,
151
–52

elected president,
319
–23,
330
–31,
370

Ellen Nicholas and,
248
–49

embargo and,
160
–62

eye infection of,
238

father's death and,
342
–43

and father's house and land,
343
–47,
395