Lords of the Sky: Fighter Pilots and Air Combat, From the Red Baron to the F-16 (88 page)

Operation Georgette, 119, 126–127, 128, 130

Operation Gneisenau, 131

Operation Judgment, 252–253

Operation Linebacker, 473

Operation Market Garden, 347–352, 364

Operation Marne-Reims, 131

Operation Michael
(Kaiserschlacht),
113–118, 127, 130

Operation Niagara, 470

Operation Normandy, 513

Operation Overlord (D-Day), 363–365

Operation Ranch Hand, 433

Operation Rolling Thunder, 437–439

Operation Rugby, 484

Operation Sealion, 208, 221–222, 233, 241, 251

Operation Torch, 353

Operation Typhoon, 287–288

Operation Uranus, 298–299

Operation Venezia, 265–266

ornithopter, 9–10

Osipenko, Polina, 281

Ottoman Turkey, 15, 48, 113, 139

P

P-51 Mustang fighter aircraft, 346–352, 356–360, 393, 394

Pacific Air Force (PACAF), 437, 439, 468

Pacific (CinCPac), 434

Pacific Fleet, U.S.

Battle of Midway, 268, 337, 338–345

Battle of the Coral Sea, 333–334

and broken Japanese military code, 337

carriers attached to, 388

Pearl Harbor attack, 260–261, 293, 309–313, 319, 321–327

Task Force 8, 326

Task Force 11, 333

Task Force 12, 326–327

Task Force 14, 328, 329

Task Force 16, 338

Task Force 17, 333, 338

Packard Motor Car Company, 359

Packard V-1650 Merlin engine, 359

Pact of San Sebastián, 1930, 156

panzers, German (tanks)

First Panzer Army, 295

1st Panzer Division, 183, 190, 192, 196

2nd Panzer Division, 192, 286, 289, 292

Third Panzer Army, 293

3rd Panzer Division, 286

Fourth Panzer Army, 296, 298, 304

5th Panzer Division, 206

6th Panzer Division, 192

7th Panzer Division, 188, 206, 207

10th Panzer Division, 190, 196

11th Panzergrenadiers, 366

12th Panzer Division, 365

15th Panzer Division, 265, 271

16th Panzer Division, 297

18th Panzergrenadiers, 366

21st Panzer Division, 265, 271, 365

29th Panzer Grenadiers, 298

48th Panzer Corps, 298

115th Panzergrenadiers, 275

II SS Panzer Corps, 305

Mark IV panzers, 262–263

Panzer III/IV tanks, 297

Parabellum light machine gun (LMG), 26

Pardo, Bob, 466–467

Park, Keith, 203, 239, 240, 244

patents, American, Wrights’ first, 11

Paulus, Freidrich, 296, 297, 302

Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, attack on, 260–261, 293, 309–313, 321–327

Peled, Benny, 475

Pennsylvania,
USS, 323, 326

People’s Volunteer Army, 402

Perry, E. W. C., 16

Persian Gulf, 495, 513

Persian Gulf War, 508, 515, 519–520

Pétain, Henri Philippe, 93

Phantom jet fighter aircraft, F-4, 423–424, 462–468

Philippine Sea,
USS, 391

Philippines, Battle of Corregidor, 333

photo reconnaissance, 68, 76–77, 114, 127, 285

pilot training

for British RAF, 214, 238–239

for British RFC, 54–55, 95–97

flight training schools during the Great War, 54–56, 95–97

German Luftwaffe pilots, 211–213

German training facilities in Russia, 153–154, 155

for Israeli pilots, 481–483

for Japanese pilots, 320–321

for Soviet Air Force, 283

Soviet-trained Chinese pilots, 411–412

for U.S. Air Force, 408–410, 501–505

for U.S. Army Air Forces, 313–315, 316

for U.S. Marine Corps, 500

at U.S. Military Academy, West Point, 314–315

at U.S. Naval Academy, 315–316, 499

for U.S. Navy, 499, 500

for World War I German pilots, 55

pilots

bomber pilots as fighter pilots, 424–425

British pilots in the Great War, 42–46, 52, 62, 65–74, 82, 84–90, 93–140

British pilots in World War II, 193–200, 203–204, 233–248

French, 3–8, 55–56, 62, 187

German pilots after the Great War, 152, 158–159, 163–167, 169, 172

German pilots in the Great War, 6–8, 33–41, 52, 62, 63–76, 90–140

German pilots in World War II, 189, 201–202, 233–251, 254, 255, 256–265, 267–269, 271–279

Israeli, 481–483

Italian, 159

Korean War, 373–384, 393

life expectancy during the Great War, 32, 91

Polish, 179, 180

RAF training of Russian, 144–145

Soviet, 155, 276–279

Spanish, 160–161

Stalin’s executions of Soviet pilots, 155

U.S. Marine Corps, 316–317

U.S. Navy, 316, 495–498

U.S. pilot shortage post–World War II, 407–408

U.S. pilots in Spain, 161, 162, 169

U.S. pilots in World War I France, 105–106

Vietnam War, 423–425, 441–449

See also
fighter pilots

Pilsudski, Jozef, 148–149, 150, 151

Piroth, Charles, 431

piston-driven aircraft, 508

Pitchford, John, 457

Plog, Leonard, 388

Plumer, Sir Herbert, 109–110, 111, 112

Po-2 biplanes, 289, 291

Pokryshkin, Sasha, 304–305

Poland

aircraft, 175, 179

blockhouses, 177

Curzon Line, 148

Germany and, 148, 176–177

Germany’s Case White plan, 176–177

Germany’s invasion of, 178–180

Kosciuszko Squadron, 150

pilots, 179, 180

Polish Air Force, 150

Polish Fifth Army, 150

13th Polish Infantry Division, 151

Polikarpov I-15 and I-16 fighter aircraft, 143, 159, 168, 169

Polish Brigade, 347

Polish-Soviet War, 148–152

Pollard, Hugh, 157

Pope, Alexander, 1

Popkin, Cedric, 124

Port Moresby, 334

Potsdam Agreement, 1945, 427

Powers, Gary, 426, 441

Pownall, Sir Henry, 201

Pratt & Whitney engines, 392, 393, 444, 506

Prince, Norman, 104, 106

Prince of Wales,
HMS, 330

Princip, Gavrilo, 14, 15

pusher aircraft, 71

Putnam, Paul, 328

Pye, William S., 329, 330

Pzl P.7 and Pzl P.11 fighter aircraft, 175, 179

R

radar countermeasure missions, 453

radar development

air-to-air fire control radars, 516

Chain Home radars, 217–219, 220, 225, 236, 239, 240, 516

Germany, 220

Great Britain, 216–219, 242

gyro-radar gunsights, 407

Iraq’s radar defense systems, 511, 514

jamming equipment, 452, 462, 518

MK IV Airborne Intercept radar, 242

radar detection systems, 453–454

radar homing and warning systems, 443, 453–454, 489

radar-seeking aircraft, 443–444

Radio Detection And Ranging (RADAR), 216–217

semi-active radar homing, 464, 480, 489

Straight Flush radar system, 480–481, 489

radial engines, 58, 186

radio communication, during World War II, 191, 216, 239

Radusch, Günther, 168

Rall, Günther, 304, 305

ramming attack maneuver, 300–310

Ranger,
USS, 437, 513

Raskova, Marina, 281, 288–289

RE-8 fighter aircraft, 71, 73, 76–77, 108, 111, 120, 144

Red Air Force (Soviet Union), 282

aerial combat tactics, 300–301

aviation regiment, 283

586th Fighter Regiment, 294

flight training, 283

flying aces, 304–305

437th Fighter Regiment, 296

and Germany’s invasion of Soviet Union, 285, 290

9th Guards Fighter Regiment, 297–298

Protivo-Vozdushnoy Oborony (PVO), 283, 290, 294

73rd Guards Fighter Aviation Regiment, 303

Voenno-Vozdushnye (VVS), 283, 289, 290, 296, 297, 300–301, 303–304

Red Army (Soviet Union), 282–283, 284, 293–294, 295

1st Guards Tank Army, 298

Red Phoenix Rising
(Hardesty), 290

refueling aircraft, 441–442

Reid, Jack, 339

relaxed static stability (RSS), 506

Republic of South Vietnam, 431

Republican Air Force (Spain), 161

Republican Army (Spain), 168

Repulse,
HMS, 330

Reserve Officers’ Training Course (ROTC), 499

Revolutionary Insurrectionary Army of Ukraine, 146

Reynaud, Paul, 192–193

Rhee, Syngman, 386

Rhys-Davies, Arthur, 82, 101, 102–103

Rickenbacker, Eddie, 140, 406

Ridgway, Matt, 416

Rif War of 1923, 156

Rio Crespo, Felipe del, 168

Rippon, T. S., 31, 532–533

Roberts, Tom, 424

Rock, Ed, 408–410, 441–449

rockets, 24

Rolls-Royce engines

Kestrel engine, 166

Merlin II engine, 182, 358–359

Nene engine, 403

Rom, Giora, 474–478, 483

Romanian 6th Cavalry Corps, 298

Rommel, Erwin “Desert Fox,” 188, 189, 207, 254–256, 260–263, 265–266, 268, 269–270, 274

Roosevelt, Franklin D., 318, 385

Roosevelt, James, 339

Roosevelt, Theodore, Jr., 364

rotary engines, 33, 57–58, 59, 72, 111, 128, 135

Rotte
airplane formation, 163–164, 232

route packages, division of Vietnam into, 439–440

Royal Aeronautical Club, 95

Royal Air Force, British, Auxiliary Air Force, 213–214

Millionaires’ Squadron, 214–215

Royal Air Force, British (RAF), World War I

creation of, 118

and death of von Richthofen, 125, 126

and deaths of pilots McCudden and Mannock, 131–133

first fighter aircraft delivered to, 135–136

Fokker D-VII threat to, 128

and end of the Great War, 140

in 1919 Russian Civil War, 144–148

No. 6 Squadron, 256

No. 47 Squadron, 144, 145–147

No. 60 Squadron, 132

No. 74 Squadron, 119

No. 85 Squadron, 132

training school, 135, 136

Royal Air Force, British (RAF), World War II, 213–215

airplane formations, 193

in Allies evacuation from France, 207

Americans in, 215

auxiliary squadrons, 213–215

in Battle for France, 181–182, 185, 190, 193–199, 203–204, 243

in Battle of Britain, 235–245

“Big Wing” theory, 239–240

bomber unit casualty rates, 195

Bristol Beaufighter, 242

Desert Air Force, 254, 255–256

in Dunkirk evacuation, 199–200, 203–204

in El Alamein, 270–271

11 Group squadrons, 239, 241

Fighter Command, 218–219, 225, 233, 238, 241

flight training, 214, 238–239

Gloster Meteor jet fighter, 362, 403–404

Hawker Hurricanes, Mk I, 181, 182, 196, 223, 224, 226, 234, 236, 237, 243

invasion of Britain, 221–222

No. 1 Squadron, 182

No. 19 Squadron, 227, 228

No. 46 Squadron, 182

No. 74 Squadron, 199–200, 231, 235

No. 92 Squadron, 196

No. 249 (Gold Coast) Squadron, 237

No. 604 Squadron, 242

radar stations, 203

RAE Restrictor device, 231

Spitfire MK I, 193, 196–198, 210, 225–227, 229, 234, 236, 242, 243

Spitfire MK IB, 228

Spitfire Mk V, 266, 271, 272

squadron classifications, 240

10 Group squadrons, 239