Lords of the Sea: The Epic Story of the Athenian Navy & the Birth of Democracy (61 page)

BOOK: Lords of the Sea: The Epic Story of the Athenian Navy & the Birth of Democracy
5.33Mb size Format: txt, pdf, ePub
Polzer, M. E. “An Archaic Laced Hull in the Aegean: The 2003 Excavation and Study of the Pabuç Burnu Ship Remains.”
Institute of Nautical Archaeology Quarterly
31, no. 3 (2004).
Rodgers, William Ledyard.
Greek and Roman Naval Warfare.
Annapolis, Md., 1937.
Snodgrass, Mary Ellen.
Voyages in Classical Mythology.
Santa Barbara, Calif., 1994.
Spathari, Elsi.
Sailing Through Time: The Ship in Greek Art.
Athens, 1995.
Wachsmann, Shelley.
Seagoing Ships and Seamanship in the Bronze Age Levant.
College Station, Tex., 1998.
ATHENIAN WARS AND COMMANDERS
Adcock, F. E.
The Greek and Macedonian Art of War.
Berkeley, Calif., 1957.
Allen, Lindsay.
The Persian Empire.
Chicago, 2005.
Blamire, A.
Plutarch: Life of Kimon with Translation and Commentary.
London, 1989.
Bosworth, A. B.
Conquest and Empire: The Reign of Alexander the Great.
Cambridge, U.K., 1988.
Burn, Andrew Robert.
The Persian Wars: The Greeks and the Defence of the West, c. 546-478 B.C.
London, 2002.
Develin, Robert.
Athenian Officials, 684-381 B.C.
Cambridge, U.K., 1989.
Ducrey, Pierre.
Warfare in Ancient Greece.
New York, 1986.
Frost, Frank J.
Plutarch’s Themistocles: A Historical Commentary.
Chicago, 1998.
Green, Peter.
Armada from Athens.
New York, 1970.
Hale, John R. “Phormio Crosses the T.”
Military History Quarterly
8, no. 4 (1996).
———. “General Phormio’s Art of War.” In
Polis and Polemos,
edited by Charles D. Hamilton and Peter Krentz. Claremont, Calif., 1997.
Hamel, Debra.
Athenian Generals: Military Authority in the Classical Period.
Leiden, 1998.
Hanson, Victor Davis.
The Wars of the Ancient Greeks.
London, 1999.
———.
Carnage and Culture: Landmark Battles in the Rise of Western Power.
New York, 2001.
Hignett, C.
Xerxes’ Invasion of Greece.
Oxford, U.K., 1963.
Hunt, Peter.
Slaves, Warfare, and Ideology in the Greek Historians.
Cambridge, U.K., 1998.
Kagan, Donald.
The Outbreak of the Peloponnesian War.
Ithaca, N.Y., 1969.
———.
The Archidamian War.
Ithaca, N.Y., 1974.
———.
The Peace of Nicias and the Sicilian Expedition.
Ithaca, N.Y., 1981.
———.
The Fall of the Athenian Empire.
Ithaca, N.Y., 1987.
———.
Pericles of Athens and the Birth of Democracy.
New York, 1991.
———.
The Peloponnesian War.
New York, 2003.
Kallet-Marx, Lisa.
Money, Expense, and Naval Power in Thucydides’ History.
Berkeley, Calif., 1993.
Lenardon, Robert J.
The Saga of Themistocles.
London, 1978.
Littman, Robert. “Dor and the Athenian Empire.”
American Journal of Ancient History
15, no. 2 (1990).
Pritchett, W. Kendrick.
Ancient Greek Battle Speeches.
Amsterdam, 2002.
Quinn, T. J.
Athens and Samos, Lesbos and Chios, 478-404.
Manchester, U.K., 1981.
Schreiner, Johan.
Hellanikos, Thukydides and the Era of Kimon.
Aarhus, Denmark, 1997.
Sheppard, Ruth, ed.
Alexander the Great at War.
Oxford, U.K., 2008.
Stadter, Philip A.
A Commentary on Plutarch’s Pericles.
Chapel Hill, N.C., 1989.
Strauss, Barry.
The Battle of Salamis.
New York, 2004.
Tritle, Lawrence.
Phocion the Good.
New York, 1988.
Wallinga, H. T.
Xerxes’ Great Adventure: The Naval Perspective.
Leiden, 2005.
Ward, Anne, et al.
The Quest for Theseus.
New York, 1970.
Wilson, John B.
Pylos 425 B.C.: A Historical and Topographic Study of Thucydides’ Account of the Campaign.
Warminster, U.K., 1979.
THE PIRAEUS AND THE LONG WALLS
Cohen, Edward.
Ancient Athenian Maritime Courts.
Princeton, 1973.
Conwell, David H.
Connecting a City to the Sea.
Leiden, 2008.
Garland, Robert.
The Piraeus from the Fifth to the First Centuries B.C.
London, 2001.
Lorenzen, Elvind.
The Arsenal at Piraeus.
Copenhagen, 1964.
Lovén, Bjørn, et al. “The Zea Harbour Project.” In
Proceedings of the Danish Institute at Athens.
Athens, 2007.
Nielsen, Mads M. “Three Pieces of the Piraean Puzzle.” In
Proceedings of the Danish Institute at Athens.
Athens, 2007.
Schaldemose, Mette K. “The Zea Shipsheds.” In
Proceedings of the Danish Institute at Athens.
Athens, 2007.
Steinhauer, George A. “Ancient Piraeus: The City of Themistocles and Hippodamus.” In Steinhauer et al.,
Piraeus: Centre of Shipping and Culture.
Athens, 2000.
ANCIENT ATHENS: HISTORY, ARCHAEOLOGY, AND CULTURE
Barnes, J., ed.
The Complete Works of Aristotle: The Revised Oxford Translation.
Princeton, 1984.
Boedecker, Deborah, and Kurt Raaflaub, eds.
Democracy, Empire and the Arts in Fifth Century Athens.
Cambridge, Mass., 1998.
Camp, John M.
The Athenian Agora: Excavations in the Heart of Classical Athens.
London, 1986.
———.
The Archaeology of Athens.
New Haven, Conn., 2001.
Davies, John K.
Athenian Propertied Families, 600-300 B.C.
Oxford, U.K., 1971.
Flacelière, Robert.
Daily Life in Greece at the Time of Pericles.
New York, 1965.
Forsén, Björn, and Greg Stanton, eds.
The Pnyx in the History of Athens.
Helsinki, 1996.
Fredal, James.
Rhetorical Action in Ancient Athens: Persuasive Artistry from Solon to Demosthenes.
Carbondale, Ill., 2006.
Goette, Hans.
Athens, Attica and the Megarid: An Archaeological Guide.
London, 1993.
Gomme, A. W.
The Population of Athens in the Fifth and Fourth Centuries B.C.
Oxford, U.K., 1933.
Harding, Phillip.
Androtion and the Atthis.
Oxford, U.K., 1994.
Henderson, Jeffrey.
The Maculate Muse: Obscene Language in Attic Comedy.
New York, 1991.
Hignett, C.
A History of the Athenian Constitution to the End of the Fifth Century B.C.
Oxford, U.K., 1952.
Hurwit, Jeffrey M.
The Acropolis in the Age of Pericles.
Cambridge, U.K., 2004.
Krentz, Peter.
The Thirty at Athens.
Ithaca, N.Y., 1982.
Loomis, William T.
Wages, Welfare Costs and Inflation in Classical Athens.
Ann Arbor, Mich., 1998.
McLeish, Kenneth.
The Theatre of Aristophanes.
London, 1980.
Meiggs, Russell.
The Athenian Empire.
Oxford, U.K., 1972.
Neils, Jenifer, et al.
Goddess and Polis: The Panathenaic Festival in Ancient Athens.
Princeton, 1992.
Papadopoulous, John K., and Deborah Ruscillo. “A Ketos in Early Athens: An Archaeology of Whales and Sea Monsters in the Greek World.”
American Journal of Archaeology
106, no. 2 (2002).
Parke, H. W.
Festivals of the Athenians.
London, 1977.
Roberts, Jennifer Tolbert.
Accountability in Athenian Government.
Madison, Wis., 1982.
Samons, Loren J., ed.
The Cambridge Companion to the Age of Pericles.
New York, 2007.
Seltman, C.
Athens, Its History and Coinage Before the Persian Invasion.
Cambridge, U.K., 1924.
Stockton, David.
The Classical Athenian Democracy.
Oxford, U.K., 1990.
Storey, Ian.
Eupolis: Poet of Old Comedy.
Oxford, U.K., 2003.
Tyrrell, William Blake, and Frieda S. Brown.
Athenian Myths and Institutions.
Oxford, U.K., 1991.
Vidal-Naquet, Pierre.
The Atlantis Story: A Short History of Plato’s Myth.
Exeter, U.K., 2007.
THE WORLD OF ANCIENT GREECE
Badian, Ernst.
From Plataea to Potidaea: Studies in the History and Historiography of the Pentecontaetia.
Baltimore, 1993.
Broad, William J.
The Oracle: Ancient Delphi and the Science Behind Its Lost Secrets.
New York, 2006.
Camp, John M., and Elizabeth Fisher.
The World of the Ancient Greeks.
London, 2002.
Carpenter, Thomas H.
Art and Myth in Ancient Greece.
London, 1991.
Cartledge, Paul, ed.
The Cambridge Illustrated History of Ancient Greece.
Cambridge, U.K., 1998.
Detienne, Marcel, and Jean-Pierre Vernant.
Cunning Intelligence in Greek Culture and Society.
Chicago, 1991.
Gorman, Vanessa B.
Miletos: The Ornament of Ionia.
Ann Arbor, Mich., 2001.
Kagan, Donald.
Problems in Ancient History: The Ancient Near East and Greece.
London, 1966.
Koromila, Marianna.
The Greeks and the Black Sea.
Athens, 2002.
Lewis, D. M., ed.
The Cambridge Ancient History Volume VI: The Fourth Century B.C.
Cambridge, U.K., 1994.
Meiggs, Russell.
Trees and Timber in the Ancient Mediterranean World.
Oxford, U.K., 1982.
Rhodes, P. J., and Robin Osborne.
Greek Historical Inscriptions 404-323 B.C.
Oxford, U.K., 2003.
Roberts, John.
The Oxford Dictionary of the Classical World.
Oxford, U.K., 2005.
Varoufakis, George.
Ancient Greek Standards.
Athens, 1999.
Vidal-Naquet, Pierre.
The Black Hunter.
Baltimore, 1986.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
MANY BACKS WERE BENT AND ARMS STRAINED TO PROPEL
Lords of the Sea
across the finish line. Most of the heavy work was done by the crew from Team Viking, intrepid argonauts who launch their racing shells at the foot of Houston Street in Manhattan. For this particular effort the rowing cadence was set by the mighty stroke oar of Bruce Giffords, senior production editor, with copy editor Janet Biehl right behind him in the number 7 seat. Artists powered the boat’s engine room: designer Carla Bolte at 6; cover designer Christopher Sergio at 5; mapmaker Jeff Ward at 4; while the most experienced oarsman, Sam Manning at 3, brought all his knowledge of Maine’s wooden craft to the task of rendering the Athenian trireme in pen and ink. Publicists Meghan Fallon and Ben Petrone made a flashy bow pair, and the cries of coxswain and marketing director Nancy Sheppard drew the attention of crowds along the bank. In the coaches’ launch, the editorial team of Liz Parker and Hilary Redmon gripped their stopwatches while Carolyn Coleburn recorded the session. Beside them, megaphone in hand, stood editor Wendy Wolf, the head coach, who had set all this activity in motion: a commanding yet encouraging figure with the steady gray eyes of Athena, the enigmatic smile of an archaic
kore
from the Acropolis, and an occasional rasp in the voice during moments of crisis. They have passed out of sight now down the broad and shining reaches of the Hudson, to tackle other books and other authors. It was my good fortune to row, for a little time, in their company.
Even before my friends at Viking set to work on the book’s final version, a number of readers had worked their way through the manuscript and given helpful advice. Among them were Neville Blakemore, Eli Brown, Molly Bundy, Helen Darmara, Dan Davis, Sharon Heckel, Åsa and Håkan Ringbom, Camille Thomasson, Joan Vandertoll, and Tom Weil. I am particularly grateful to Matt Bahr of Pittsburgh, NFL placekicker supreme, who brought his keen eye for timing and strategy to bear on this story of the Athenian navy.
Many chapters began as lectures, and I thank the University of Louisville, the Archaeological Institute of America, and the Teaching Company (through a course titled “The Greek and Persian Wars”) for sponsoring both lecture series and individual presentations. In 2003 the Louisville Collegiate School provided a hall where I talked my way through the entire history of the Athenian navy over thirteen hot July evenings. Research assistant Bess Reed coordinated the lectures, Elijah Pritchett taped them, Mary “Corky” Sachs transcribed the tapes, and Stephanie Smith wrestled the hours of discursive talk into edited and readable form. Generous funding from Daniel and Joanna Rose helped support the process and the research that accompanied it. To help me present the evidence in favor of a new site for the battle of Aegospotami, Captain Christopher Windisch of the United States Army Reserves superimposed ancient naval maneuvers onto modern satellite images of the Hellespont and the Gallipoli peninsula.
My travels and field surveys of sites in the Aegean and eastern Mediterranean have been supported by the American School of Classical Studies at Athens, the Association of Yale Alumni, Travel Dynamics, the trustees of the University of Louisville, my dear friends Bruce and Elizabeth Dunlevie, and VPRO Television Rotterdam, who flew me to Greece so that I could try out trireme-style rowing on a sheepskin pad at the Homilos Ereton rowing club in Zea Harbor. Welcome and enthusiastic traveling companions have been the Gunlicks of Virginia, the Regueiros of Pennsylvania, and the Ringboms of Finland. Muharrem Zeybek of Izmir provided indispensable guidance for my travels in Turkey, from the fast-flowing Eurymedon River in the south to the rainy coast of Cyzicus (modern Erdek) in the north. Where my own travels could not reach, Bob Brier and Pat Remler stepped in with vivid accounts of the Nile delta in Egypt. And to a kind invitation from the great archaeologist John Camp I owe my first glimpses of Halicarnassus, Miletus, Ephesus, Notium, Samos, Lesbos, the Hellespont, and other sites along the Athenian maritime empire’s eastern frontier.

Other books

The Magic Broom by Teegan Loy
Baise-Moi (Rape Me) by Virginie Despentes
Stowaway Slaves by David Grimstone
Condemned by Gemma James
A Whisper in Time by Elizabeth Langston
The Diddakoi by Rumer Godden
Twisted Trails by Orlando Rigoni
Back Track by Jason Dean