Lion of Jordan (112 page)

18
. Walt Rostow to the president, 22 December 1966, NSF Country File, Box 146, LBJL.

19
. Vick Vance and Pierre Lauer,
Hussein of Jordan: My ‘War' with Israel
(New York: William Morrow, 1969), 43–53.

20
. Samir A. Mutawi,
Jordan in the 1967 War
(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987), 108–111.

21
. Interview with King Hussein bin Talal.

22
. Quoted in Roland Dallas,
King Hussein: A Life on the Edge
(London: Profile Books, 1999), 105.

23
. Quoted in Jeremy Bowen,
Six Days: How the 1967 War Shaped the Middle East
(London: Simon and Schuster, 2003),
66.

24
. Odd Bull,
War and Peace in the Middle East: The Experiences and Views of a UN Observer
(London: Leo Cooper, 1976), 113.

25
. Interview with King Hussein bin Talal.

26
. Dean Rusk,
As I Saw It: A Secretary of State's Memoirs
(London: I. B. Tauris, 1991), 331.

27
. Abba Eban,
An Autobiography
(London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1978), 408.

28
. Vance and Lauer,
Hussein of Jordan: My ‘War' with Israel,
68–70. Hussein refused to discuss this incident in his extensive interviews with Vance and Lauer.

29
. Richard Helms,
A Look Over My Shoulder: A Life in the Central Intelligence Agency
(New York: Random House, 2003), 303–04.

30
. Ezer Weizman,
On Eagles' Wings: The Personal Story of the Leading Commander of the Israeli Air Force
(London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1976), 242–3.

31
. Interview with Moshe Sasson.

32
. Vance and Lauer,
Hussein of Jordan: My ‘War' with Israel,
95–6. The main reason Hussein believed this charge was because, as he later admitted, the technical side of Jordanian intelligence during the war was very poor.

33
. Ibid., 88–93.

34
. Moshe Zak,
Hussein oseh shalom [Hussein Makes Peace],
in Hebrew (Ramat-Gan: Bar-Ilan University Press, 1996), 117–18.

35
. Mutawi,
Jordan in the 1967 War,
139–40; Vance and Lauer,
Hussein of Jordan: My ‘War' with Israel,
95–6.

36
. Tom Segev,
1967: ve-ha'aretz shinta et paneha [1967: And the Land was Transformed]
in Hebrew (Jerusalem: Keter, 2005), 377–8.

37
.
Zak, Hussein oseh shalom,
118.

38
. Segev,
1967
, 378.

39
. Vance and Lauer,
Hussein of Jordan: My ‘War' with Israel,
65.

40
. Remez to Levavi, 7 June 1967, ‘Hussein', ‘The Private Papers of Yaacov Herzog', Jerusalem.

41
. Remez and Admoni to Levavi, 7 June 1967, ibid.

42
. ‘A Conversation between Jock Smith and Naftali Kenan', 7 June 1967, 5.30, ibid.

43
. Vance and Lauer,
Hussein of Jordan: My ‘War' with Israel,
97.

1
. Samir A. Mutawi,
Jordan in the 1967 War
(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987), 164.

2
. Amman to FO, 17 July 1967, PREM, 13/1622, Public Record Office (PRO).

3
. Lawrence Tal,
Politics, the Military, and National Security in Jordan 1955–1967
(Basing-stoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2002), 120–21.

4
. Mahmoud Riad,
The Struggle for Peace in the Middle East
(London: Quartet, 1981), 46.

5
. Reuven Pedatzur, ‘Coming Back Full Circle: The Palestinian Option in 1967',
Middle East Journal,
49:2 (Spring 1995).

6
. Oxford doctoral thesis in progress by Avi Raz, ‘The Palestinian Option: Israel and the West Bank Leadership 1967–1969'. I am grateful to Mr Raz for sharing with me some of his primary sources for the thesis.

7
. Yaacov Herzog's diary, 15 June 1967, 4511A/3, Israel State Archives (ISA).

8
. Avi Shlaim,
The Iron Wall: Israelandthe Arab World
(New York: W. W. Norton, 2000), 253–5.

9
. Reuven Pedatzur, ‘The June Decision was Cancelled in October',
Ha'aretz,
12 May 1995.

10
.
Foreign Relations of the United States 1964–1968. Volume XIX. Arab-Israeli Crisis and War 1967
(Washington, DC: United States Government Printing House, 2004), 577–80.

11
. Ibid., 583–5.

12
. Yaacov Herzog's diary, 2 July 1967, 4511A/3, ISA.

13
. ‘Meeting with Charles on Sunday, July 2nd, from 8.10 p.m. to 9.45 p.m.', ‘The Private Papers of Yaacov Herzog', Jerusalem.

14
. Michael Bar-Zohar,
Khayav ve-moto shel nasikh yehudi: biographia shel Yaacov Herzog [The Life and Times of a Jewish Prince: A Biography of Yaacov Herzog],
in Hebrew (Tel Aviv: Yediot Aharonot, 2003), 283–4. Tom Segev,
1967: ve-ha'aretz shinta et paneha [1967: And the Land was Transformed],
in Hebrew (Jerusalem: Keter, 2005), 536.

15
. Yaacov Herzog's diary, 7 July 1967, 4511A/3, ISA.

16
. Foreign Office, 30 June 1967, ‘Visit of King Hussein: Brief for Prime Minister and Secretary of State', FCO 17/240, PRO.

17
. ‘Record of Conversation between the Prime Minister and the King of Jordan at No. 10 Downing Street at 2.30 p.m. on Monday, July 3, 1967', FCO 17/240, PRO.

18
. Addendum to ‘Meeting with Charles on Sunday, July 2nd, from 8.10 p.m. to 9.45 p.m.', ‘The Private Papers of Yaacov Herzog', Jerusalem.

19
. Amman to FO, 17 July 1967, PREM, 13/1622, PRO.

20
. Dean Rusk, ‘Memorandum for the President', 20 July 1967, NSF Country File, Middle East, Box 113, Lyndon B. Johnson Library, Austin, Texas (LBJL); London to secretary of state, 22 July 1967, and Amman to secretary of state, 4 August 1967, POL 27–14 ARAB-ISR, United States National Archives, Washington, DC (USNA).

21
. Amman to secretary of state, 26 July 1967, NSF Country File, Middle East, Box 113, LBJL.

22
. Abdel Majid Farid,
Nasser: The Final Years
(Reading: Ithaca Press, 1994), 51–67.

23
. Yoram Meital, ‘The Khartoum Conference and Egyptian Policy after the 1967 War: A Re-examination',
Middle East Journal,
54:1 (Winter 2000).

24
. Interview with King Hussein bin Talal.

25
. Meital, ‘The Khartoum Conference and Egyptian Policy after the 1967 War: A Re-examination'.

26
. Robert Stephens,
Nasser: A Political Biography
(London: Allen Lane, 1971), 523.

27
. Amman to FO, 8 September 1967, PREM, 13/1623, PRO; and undated report on plain paper ‘Highlights of the Khartoum Conference from King Husayn on 2 September'. The name of the author is not given but it was most probably Jack O'Connell, the CIA station chief in Amman. NSF Country File, Middle East, Box 113, LBJL.

28
. Amman to secretary of state, 4 September 1967, POL 27–14 ARAB-ISR, USNA.

29
. Baruch Gilead to Foreign Ministry, 16 October 1967, 3835/5, ISA.

30
. Amman to FO, 7 October 1967, FCO 17/550, PRO.

31
. King Hussein to President Johnson, 7 October 1967, NSF Special Heads of State Correspondence, Box 31, LBJL.

32
.
Foreign Relations of the United States 1964–1968. Volume XIX. Arab-Israeli Crisis and War 1967
, 1004–6, 1012–16.

33
. Interview with King Hussein bin Talal.

34
. ‘A Special Chapter on Charles, dictated on 3.11.67', ‘The Private Papers of Yaacov Herzog', Jerusalem.

35
. ‘Two Meetings with Charles (on the morning of November 19th and on the morning of November 20th respectively)', ibid.

36
. Herzog to prime minister, 21 November 1967, ibid.

37
. Avi Shlaim, ‘Interview with Abba Eban, 11 March 1976',
Israel Studies,
8:1 (Spring 2003).

38
. Helena Cobban,
The Palestinian Liberation Organisation: People, Power and Politics
(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1984), 38–9.

39
. CIA, ‘Jordanian Ex-prime minister Wasfi Tal's Policy Proposals for Countering the Arab Defeat and Its Consequences in Jordan', 13 September 1967, NSF Country File, Box 147, LBJL.

40
. Douglas Little, ‘A Puppet in Search of a Puppeteer? The United States, King Hussein and Jordan 1953–1970'
, International History Review,
18:3 (August 1995).

41
. ‘Jordan and the Fedayeen', 5 December 1967, 3835/5, ISA.

42
. Cobban,
The Palestinian Liberation Organisation,
41–2.

43
. Interview with King Hussein bin Talal.

1
. Interview with Zaid Rifa'i.

2
. ‘Record of Meeting held on 3.5.68', ‘The Private Papers of Yaacov Herzog', Jerusalem.

3
. ‘Two talks with Z.R., 5 and 6 May 1968' and ‘Protocol of the Ministerial Defence Committee with the participation of all the members of the cabinet, 8 May 1968', Ibid.

4
. ‘Protocol of the Ministerial Defence Committee with the participation of all the members of the cabinet, 8 May 1968', ibid.

5
. Herzog to Eban, 19 June 1968, ibid.

6
. The proposed procedure reflected the Israeli diplomat's penchant for precision and his love of cloak-and-dagger operations. The Israeli boat using beams, was to signal in Morse code the word ‘Musa' – the code for Jordan. Musa was to reply ‘Davis' – the code for Herzog. The signals were to be repeated until the boats joined. Musa was then to follow the instructions given by Davis in English. This was Arrangement A. Arrangement B was to meet in London at a date to be confirmed. Paper headed ‘Arrangement A, Arrangement B', ibid.

7
. ‘Conversations with Charles and his adviser on 22nd and 24th August [1968]', ibid.

8
. Abba Eban,
Personal Witness: Israel through My Eyes
(New York: Putnam's, 1992), 496–8.

9
. Harrison M. Symmes to secretary of state, 20 March 1968, NSF Country File, Box 147, Lyndon B. Johnson Library, Austin, Texas (LBJL).

10
. Walt Rostow to President Johnson, 31 May 1968, NSF Country File, Box 148, LBJL.

11
. Interview with Zaid Rifa'i.

12
. Reuven Pedatzur, ‘The Circle Closes',
Ha'aretz,
10 November 1995.

13
. ‘Memorandum of Conversation', 4 June 1968, POL 27–14 ARAB-ISR, United States National Archives, Washington, DC (USNA).

14
. Amman to secretary of state, 20 July 1968, NSF Country File, Box 147, LBJL.

15
. Moshe Zak,
Hussein oseh shalom [Hussein Makes Peace],
in Hebrew (Ramat-Gan: Bar-Ilan University Press, 1996), 44.

16
. Yaacov Herzog's diary, 10 July 1968, A4511/4, Israel State Archives (ISA).

17
.
Zak, Hussein oseh shalom,
155.

18
. Thomas Friedman,
From Beirut to Jerusalem
(London: Fontana Books, 1990), 261.

19
. Interview with Moshe Sasson.

20
. ‘General Objectives and Atmosphere' [n.d.], ‘The Private Papers of Yaacov Herzog', Jerusalem.

21
. Yaacov Herzog's report to the cabinet, 6 October 1968, ibid.

22
. Abba Eban,
An Autobiography
(London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1978), 446.

23
. Eban to Eshkol, 29 September 1968, ‘The Private Papers of Yaacov Herzog', Jerusalem.

24
. Interview with King Hussein bin Talal.

25
. The above account is based on five documents written by Dr Yaacov Herzog, and especially his notes on the cabinet meeting of 27 October 1968, ‘The Private Papers of Yaacov Herzog', Jerusalem.

26
. ‘Speaking Notes for Use with Mr Rusk on 4 November 1968' [no author], NSF Country File, Box 148, LBJL.

27
. Reuven Pedatzur, ‘And This is the History of Gaza since '67',
Ha'aretz,
7 November 2003.