Lincoln: A Life of Purpose and Power (59 page)

Krug,
Lyman Trumbull,
pp. 86–88; Edward Magdol,
Owen Lovejoy: Abolitionist in Congress
(New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1967), pp. 109–13;
CW,
2:288.

CW,
2:228; Krug,
Lyman Trumbull,
pp. 89–93.

CW,
2:323.

Magdol,
Owen Lovejoy,
pp. 119–20; Willard L. King,
Lincoln’s Manager: David Davis
(Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1960), pp. 107–8.

CW,
2:316, 322–23.

CW,
2:321.

Stephen L. Hansen,
The Making of the Third Party System: Voters and Parties in Illinois, 1850
–
1876
(Ann Arbor, MI: UMI Research Press, 1980), p. 78.

Herndon’s Lincoln,
pp. 312–13.

CW,
2:276, 281–82.

CW,
2:358, 374.

CW,
2:412–13.

Donald, p. 200.

CW,
2:399–407.

CW,
2:405–9.

CW,
2:430;
Reminiscences of Carl Schurz,
2:87–88.

Don E. Fehrenbacher,
Chicago Giant: A Biography of Long John Wentworth
(Madison, WI: American History Research Center, 1957), pp. 148–59.

Don E. Fehrenbacher,
Prelude to Greatness: Lincoln in the 1850’s
(Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1962), p. 101.

CW,
3:310–11.

CW,
2:461–62.

CW,
2:462–67.

HI,
p. 731.

CW,
2:491; Donald, pp. 209–10.

CW,
3:16, 145–46.

CW,
2:501, 3:399.

J. Medill to AL, 27 Aug. 1858, ALP.

According to Governor James Grimes of Iowa, Lincoln mapped out this new debating strategy following their discussions just a few days before the meeting at Quincy.
HI,
pp. 377–78.

CW,
3:226, 234, 311–13.

CW,
2:545–47, 3:220–22, 249, 280, 301–4.

CW,
3:254–55, 276, 307–8.

CW,
3:315.

CW,
3:225–26.

N&H, 2:123–24;
CW,
3:225–26, 256, 315.

CW,
3:233, 256, 276, 314–16; Harold Holzer, ed.,
The Lincoln-Douglas Debates: The First Complete Unexpurgated Text
(New York: HarperCollins, 1993), p. 311.

CW,
3:234, 254, 310–12, 315–16.

Lincoln told Gillespie the campaign “was too grave & serious” for folksy anecdotes.
HI,
p. 181.

CW,
2:501, 546–47.

Lincoln continued to emphasize the dangers after the election. The issue was for him much more than one of electoral convenience.
CW,
3:344–45.

RWAL,
p. 303.

Linda Jeanne Evans, “Abolitionism in the Illinois Churches, 1830–1865” (Northwestern University, Ph.D. thesis, 1981), p. 111.

Evans, “Abolitionism in the Illinois Churches,” pp. 155–56, 175, 329–30.

Jasper Douthit,
Jasper Douthit’s Story: The Autobiography of a Pioneer
(Boston: American Unitarian Association, 1909), pp. 92–94.

HI,
pp. 259, 654; Phineas L. Windsor, “A Central Illinois Methodist Minister, 1857–1891”; unpublished lecture, March 1944, Holbrook Library, Pacific School of Religion, Berkeley, p. 8;
Minutes of the Annual Conferences of the Methodist Episcopal Church, for the Year 1858
(New York), p. 249; A. Smith to AL, 20 July 1858, J. H. Jordan to AL, 25 July 1858, ALP.

A. Smith to AL, 20 July 1858, ALP;
Reminiscences of Carl Schurz,
2:93–96; Windsor, “A Central Illinois Methodist Minister,” pp. 7–8;
HI,
pp. 4–5, 716, 728; Walter B. Stevens,
A Reporter’s Lincoln,
ed., Michael Burlingame (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1998), pp. 89, 229; Douthit,
Autobiography,
pp. 47–48.

CW,
3:255, 257, 313, 316;
HI,
pp. 574–75, 654; Stevens,
A Reporter’s Lincoln,
p. 86.

The Republicans won a total of 125,430 votes statewide, the Douglas Democrats 121,609, and the Buchanan Democrats 5,071.

CW,
2:483–84, 3:305, 335–36, 339; N&H, 2:138–43.

CW,
3:339; David Zarefsky,
Lincoln, Douglas, and Slavery: In the Crucible of Public Debate
(Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1990), p. 206.

DJH,
p. 244;
CW,
3:336–37, 339–42.

3.
The Power of Party (1858
–
60)

CW,
3:460–62.

CW,
1:454.

Illinois put Lincoln’s name forward; he won support in eleven states, from Maine to California.

CW,
2:506; N&H, 2:176–83; William E. Baringer,
Lincoln’s Rise to Power
(Boston: Little, Brown, 1937), pp. 42–43;
RWAL,
p. 154.

CW,
3:355–56, 377, 395;
HI,
p. 365.

CW,
3:399–400.

CW,
3:378–79, 387–88.

CW,
3:345, 405.

CW,
3:365–70, 405, 423–25.

CW,
3:365–70.

CW,
3:384, 386, 390–91, 394.

CW,
3:389–91.

CW,
3:503.

CW,
3:496, 502.

CW,
3:491; Baringer,
Lincoln’s Rise to Power,
pp. 117–21.

CW,
3:341, 510–12; N&H, 2:183–85; Baringer,
Lincoln’s Rise to Power,
pp. 127–28.

N&H, 2:216–25.

CW,
3:522–50.

N&H, 2:216–25; Baringer,
Lincoln’s Rise to Power,
pp. 153–64;
CW,
3:555;
Herndon’s Lincoln,
p. 369.

Don E. Fehrenbacher,
Chicago Giant: A Biography of Long John Wentworth
(Madison, WI: American History Research Center, 1957), pp. 148–49, 162–70; Mark M. Krug,
Lyman Trumbull: Conservative Radical
(New York: A. S. Barnes, 1965), pp. 100, 157.

Willard L. King,
Lincoln’s Manager: David Davis
(Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1960), p. 132;
CW,
3:507–8.

King,
David Davis,
p. 133; Donald, p. 242;
Central Illinois Gazette
(i.e., William O. Stoddard), 7 Dec. 1859, in Baringer,
Lincoln’s Rise to Power,
pp. 130–31;
CW,
3:509.

HI,
p. 247;
CW,
3:517.

Baringer,
Lincoln’s Rise to Power,
pp. 145, 149;
Herndon’s Lincoln,
pp. 369–70;
CW,
4:33, 43, 45.

HI,
pp. 462–63; Baringer,
Lincoln’s Rise to Power,
pp. 180–85.

HI,
p. 463;
CW,
4:48. The banner writer was in error: it was John, not Thomas, Hanks who split the rails.

HI,
p. 463.

A. K. McClure,
Abraham Lincoln and Men of War Times
(Philadelphia: Times Publishing Co., 1892), p. 23; Baringer,
Lincoln’s Rise to Power,
pp. 186–87.

HI,
p. 683.

Baringer,
Lincoln’s Rise to Power,
pp. 192, 322–23;
Reminiscences of Carl Schurz,
3 vols. (New York: McClure Co., 1907–8), 2:176–79, 184.

Reminiscences of Carl Schurz,
2:169–72, 184–87; Robert Cook,
Baptism of Fire: The Republican Party in Iowa, 1838
–
1878
(Ames: Iowa State University Press, 1994), p. 124.

Baringer,
Lincoln’s Rise to Power,
p. 172. Lincoln played up the issue of McLean’s age and noted the possible complications following from his resignation from the U.S. Supreme Court either before or after an election campaign.
CW,
4:46.

Reminiscences of Carl Schurz,
2:175.

Eric Foner,
Free Soil, Free Labor, Free Men: The Ideology of the Republican Party Before the Civil War
(New York: Oxford University Press, 1970), p. 208.

CW,
3:380, 383.

CW,
3:512.

CW,
4:34, 47–48.

Donald, p. 246.

King,
David Davis,
pp. 136–38; McClure,
Lincoln and Men of War Times,
pp. 78–79;
HI,
p. 677.

HI,
pp. 683–84; King,
David Davis,
pp. 136–38.

Baringer,
Lincoln’s Rise to Power,
p. 219; N&H, 2:262–69; King,
David Davis,
pp. 139–41.

The Italian revolutionary patriot Count Felice de Orsini had attempted to assassinate Napoleon III of France by exploding bombs in Paris in 1858.

HI,
pp. 490–92.

Baringer,
Lincoln’s Rise to Power,
p. 288; N&H, 2:277–78;
HI,
p. 677.

CW,
4:50; Baringer,
Lincoln’s Rise to Power,
p. 303.

Baringer,
Lincoln’s Rise to Power,
p. 313;
Reminiscences of Carl Schurz,
2:188.

Howard K. Beale,
The
Diary
of
Edward
Bates
[“Volume IV of the Annual Report of the American Historical Association for the Year 1930”] (Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1933), pp. 132, 136; Marvin R. Cain,
Lincoln’s
Attorney
General:
Edward
Bates
of
Missouri
(Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 1965), p. 116; William B. Hesseltine,
Lincoln
and
the
War
Governors
(New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1955), p. 65; King,
David
Davis,
pp. 144–45.

The words were McClure’s, who knew about these things. McClure,
Lincoln and Men of War Times,
p. 22.

CW,
4:52; N&H, 2:286–87; King,
David Davis,
p. 148;
Reminiscences of Carl Schurz,
2:196–97; Baringer,
Lincoln’s Rise to Power,
p. 326.

CW,
4:69–70, 97, 99;
HI,
p. 486.

Hesseltine,
Lincoln and the War Governors,
pp. 65–66. Lincoln’s overtures to James O. Putnam of New York, who deserted Fillmore, and Richard W. Thompson of Indiana, who tried to prevent a Bell ticket, were especially significant.
CW,
4:79, 82–84, 89.

CW,
4:87–88.

CW,
4:103–4; McClure,
Lincoln and Men of War Times,
pp. 39–41.

CW,
4:109; N&H, 2:284–86; Reinhard H. Luthin,
The First Lincoln Campaign
(Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1944), p. 174.

Luthin,
The First Lincoln Campaign,
p. 183.

HI,
p. 57.

Judd, fearing a composition by committee, had championed Scripps as the best-qualified biographer. N. B. Judd to W. Butler, 26(?) May 1860, Butler Collection, Illinois State Historical Society.

Republican circular of spring 1859, quoted in Michael F. Holt,
The Political Crisis of the 1850s
(New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1978), p. 209.

Foner,
Free Soil, Free Labor, Free Men,
p. 217 (quoting Tom Ewing of Ohio).

CW,
3:430, 537; 4:130, 132–35, 444.

Luthin,
The First Lincoln Campaign,
p. 177.

Luthin,
The First Lincoln Campaign,
p. 208.

Luthin,
The First Lincoln Campaign,
p. 188;
Reminiscences of Carl Schurz,
2:200–1.

CW,
3:446, 449, 462–63. Lincoln explored the moral antipathies between “free labor” and “mudsill” societies in his address to the Wisconsin State Agricultural Society, Milwaukee, 30 Sept. 1859.
CW,
3:477–80.

CW,
4:24–25.

N&H, 2:283–84;
HI,
p. 348.

Albany Argus,
26 Sept. 1860;
New York Tribune,
12 June 1860;
Albany Evening Journal,
22 Sept. 1860;
Ohio State Journal,
25 June 1860.

CW,
3:440–43, 453, 460–62, 547–50.

Chicago Press and Tribune,
15, 16 May 1860.

John Locke Scripps,
Life of Abraham Lincoln,
ed., Roy P. Basler and Lloyd A. Dunlap (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1961), p. 165;
Chicago Press and Tribune,
21, 23 May 1860.

William E. Barton,
The Soul of Abraham Lincoln
(New York, 1920), pp. 76–77; Noyes W. Miner, “Personal Recollections of Abraham Lincoln,” pp. 14–20, 37, Illinois State Historical Society. Miner lived across the street from the Lincolns, on the corner of 8th and Jackson. Springfield Democrats responded by hinting that Lincoln had kept a dram shop in his New Salem days, and by insisting that he deserved no more credit for eschewing the sale of “ardent moisture” than solid Democratic citizens “who never drew liquor for a profit.”
Illinois State Register,
4 June 1860.

New York Tribune,
15 June 1860;
Rail Splitter
(Cincinnati; facsimile edition, Chicago, 1950), 1 Aug. (quoting
Steubenville Heral
d
), 15 Aug. 1860;
Illinois State Register,
4 June (quoting the
Quincy Whig
), 22 Oct. 1860;
Chicago Daily Times and Herald,
27 Oct. 1860.

William E. Baringer, “Campaign Technique in Illinois—1860,”
Transactions
of the Illinois State Historical Society for the Year 1932,
p. 267; Jay Monaghan,
The Man Who Elected Lincoln
(Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill, 1956), pp. 185–86; W. Jayne to J. M. Palmer, 11 July 1856, J. M. Palmer Papers, Illinois State Historical Society;
Rail Splitter,
12 Sept., 3 Oct. 1860.

One Republican loyalist told Lincoln early in the campaign that in Philadelphia “your enemies . . . are circulating the report that ‘in religious opinions you are an open & avowed Infidel,’ ” but this was not a persistent theme. T. C. Henry to AL, 26 May 1860, ALP. Lincoln’s duel with Shields also prompted questions in some quarters but generated no animated debate. J. W. Sullivan to AL, 26 May 1860, ALP.

CW,
4:85–86; F. E. Leseure to AL, 26 July 1860, ALP.