Lesser Beasts: A Snout-to-Tail History of the Humble Pig (33 page)
Read Lesser Beasts: A Snout-to-Tail History of the Humble Pig Online
Authors: Mark Essig
punishing animals,
96–97
reasons for meat regulations,
13–14
Western civilizations’ condemnation of pigs,
10
See also
Christianity
Renaissance
Dark Ages and,
77–78
modern bacon festival,
252
pigs’ similarity to humans,
13–14
pork defining status,
106–110
sex and pork,
110–111
Res nullius
(empty things),
134
Research, scientific,
237–238
Richard III
(Shakespeare),
95
Rickets,
214
River Cottage Meat Book
(Fearnley-Whittingstall),
255
Rollin, Bernard,
233–234
Roman Empire
See also
Pork dole, Roman,
71–72
,
74
,
163–164
agriculture,
72–74
boars in myths,
83
conquest of Palestine,
63–64
curing pork,
86
Dark Ages following the fall of,
77–78
medieval European culture and,
82–85
pig breeding,
73–76
pig drives,
163–164
pork-based cuisine,
65–66
,
68–72
Roosevelt, Theodore,
199
Root vegetables,
22
Sacrifice, ritual,
56
,
67
,
68(fig.)
,
75
Salian Franks,
80
Salt, curing meat with,
85–86
,
169
Salt-food industry,
113
,
140
,
178
Sanitation
cholera resulting from contamination,
184
confined pig farming,
215
domestication of pigs and other animals,
40–41
manure lagoons,
225–226
medieval European cities’ ban on pigs,
95–96
New York’s hog population,
181–183
pig’s contribution to,
49–51
urbanization and,
49
See also
Scavenging
Sausage,
1
,
65
,
69
,
109–110
,
128
,
176
,
196–197
,
256
Saxons,
105–106
Scavenging
Christian view of pigs,
91
Corn Belt hog raising,
157–158
domestication of the pig,
40–41
feeding pigs garbage,
203–204
human anxiety over,
11–12
Jewish pork prohibition,
55
medieval European cities’ ban on pigs,
95–96
Nile delta food-provisioning system,
44–45
pigs’ consumption of agricultural by-products,
111
,
112(fig.)
,
113
pigs’ contribution to sanitation,
49–51
Roman sanitation practices,
75
urban pigs,
181–182
wild boars,
38
wolves,
36–37
See also
Sanitation
Schell, Orville,
222
Schlosser, Eric,
222
Scientific American
magazine,
215–216
Scott, Walter,
105–106
Scully, Matthew,
249
Self-domestication of pigs,
36
Self-sufficiency of pigs,
7
Seneca,
71
Sheep
Anglo-Saxon settlements,
151
Artiodactyla,
18–19
by-products,
8
colonial American agriculture,
136
disease transmitted by,
57
driving,
163
Europe after the Black Death,
111
global mutton production,
179
Jewish dietary laws,
59
lack of intelligence,
22–23
Latin American conquest,
128
linguistic history,
106
Near East farming,
28
,
32
,
44
,
46–48
,
51–52
ritual sacrifice,
68(fig.)
temperament of,
13
Sherman Antitrust Act (1902),
198
Shuanghui International,
236
The Simpsons
(television program),
9
Sinclair, Upton,
173–174
,
195–196
Slatted floors,
214–215
,
226
,
231
,
250
Slaughtering,
189(fig.)
home slaughter,
190–193
literary reference to,
191–192
of a beloved pig,
189–191
public suspicion of Chicago meatpackers,
197–202
slaughterhouse conditions,
195–197
tainting the public image of pork,
248
See also
Pork packing industry
Smell, pigs’ sense of,
20–21
Smithfield Foods,
223–224
,
236
,
241
,
245
Social behavior of pigs,
238–239
Social class
economic impact of closing the Southern states’ open range,
187–188
equating the lower class with pigs,
183
global meat trade improving working class nutrition,
179–180
New York’s hog wars,
181–182
pork as the meat of the poor,
4
,
12
,
45
,
48
,
56
,
109–110
,
115
,
180–193
,
200
,
205
Somatosensory cortex,
20–21
South America
beef and mutton production,
179
colonization by Spanish pigs,
123–126
corn-fed stock,
155
switching from pigs to cattle and sheep,
151
Soybeans,
211–212
,
214
,
227–228
,
236–237
Spain
Columbian exchange,
119–123
conquest in the Western Hemisphere,
123–127
,
148(fn)
English colonization and,
131–132
ownership of American lands,
134
pork as a symbol of faith,
101–103
Spice trade,
84–85
Squanto,
133
Status, pork defining,
106–109
Stereotypic behavior in confinement farms,
230
Stolba, Alex,
237–239
Subsidies, farm: confinement operations,
227–228
Sugarcane production,
128–129
Suidae,
24–25
Sus scrofa,
25
,
28–29
,
30(fig.)
,
35–36
,
78
,
147–148
Sus scrofa domesticus,
79
,
127
,
147–148
Sweat glands, pigs’ lack of,
92–93
Swine, etymology of,
105
Taboos against pork consumption.
See
Cleanliness
;
Religious traditions
Taino people,
120–122
Tainted meat,
198–199
Talbott, Chuck,
246
Tankage,
176
Tapeworms,
50–51
Taurus Mountains, Turkey,
27
Taxes
paying for confinement farming,
227–228
Roman pig tax,
71
Taxonomic anomaly, pigs as,
55
Tayassuidae,
24–25
Teeth
grass eaters,
19
pigs’ compared to cows’,
19–20
,
21(fig.)
similarity of porcine to human,
15–17
,
17(fig)
Telegraph,
170
Tell Halif, Israel,
47
Temperament of leaner pigs,
219
Tesco supermarkets,
246
Theodore of Tarsus,
94–95
Tobacco production,
136
Toby the learned pig,
6(fig.)
Tribal cultures,
106
Truffle sows,
5
Turkey,
27–28
Uncleanness of pork.
See
Cleanliness
Vegetable oils replacing lard,
209
Vegetarianism
ancient diets,
68
biblical,
58–59
Verrazzano, Giovanni da,
133
Vertical integration,
224
Vices and pig welfare,
229–230
Virgin-soil epidemic,
123
Visigoths,
101–102
Vitamin B12,
212
Vitamin D,
214
Warren Wilson College, North Carolina,
3
Warthogs,
24
Washington, George,
159–160
Waste disposal,
226
The Wealth of Nations
(Smith),
111
,
170
Welfare pig,
242
Whiskey, corn production and,
156
White pigs, Roman,
74–76
Whole Foods,
242–243
Whole-animal utilization,
254–256
Wild boars,
4
,
25
,
28–29
,
30(fig.)
,
37–38
.
See also
Feral swine
Wildfowl,
108–109
Willamette Valley, Oregon,
145
,
147
William the Conqueror,
105–106
Williams, Roger,
134–135
,
137
,
142
Willis, Paul,
243–244
Winthrop, John,
133–134
Woburn breed,
159–160
Wodehouse, P. G.,
189
Wolves,
36–38
Wood, William,
133
Wood-Gush, David,
237–239
Woodlands Pork,
246
Wool industry,
111
Working class.
See
Social class
Yule,
80
