Lenin: A Revolutionary Life (45 page)

Alexander II, Tsar 9–10

Alexander III, Tsar 10

Alexandra, Tsarina 138

Alexeev, General 187

American revolution 221

Amritsar massacre 249

Aristotle 127

Armand, Inessa 95, 103, 129–30, 131, 134, 207, 237, 258–9

August 1915 crisis 138

Avenarius, Richard 89

Axel’rod, Pavel 11, 43, 72

Bakunin, Mikhail 13, 167, 288

Balabanoff, Angelica 129, 258

Baltic Fleet 159, 179

Baltic States 205

Bebel, August 58, 93, 118

Bednyi, Demian 96

Beethoven, Ludwig van 36

Berne 127, 129, 130, 131, 132, 151

Bernhardt, Sarah 65

Bernstein, Eduard 40–1, 67, 121

Bible 283

Blanquism 154, 167

Bloody Sunday (1905) 75

Bogdanov, A.A. 65, 78, 88–91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 102, 125, 164, 180, 239

Bolshevik (Communist) Party 161, 163, 178–82, 192, 210, 225, 240–6; seventh All-Russian Conference (April–May 1917) 154; Tenth Congress March 1921 253, 258, 264, 268–9, 278, 290; Central Committee 154, 160, 165, 175, 178–82, 188, 190, 199, 256, 257, 262 changes name to Communist Party (March 1918) 219; purging 245, 272–3

Bolshevism 59, 66, 70, 72, 73, 87, 88, 149, 155, 160, 174–5, 184–6, 190, 206, 234, 252–5, 263, 287 and split in party 60–2, 83–4, 92–7

Bonch-Bruevich, Vladimir 157, 182, 287, 261

Bosh, Evgeniia 129

Boxer rebellion 249

Brest-Litovsk 187

Brest-Litovsk, treaty of 124, 193, 198,–9, 200, 203, 213, 228, 223

Brezhnev, L.I. 246

Britain 43, 46–8, 116, 121, 124, 140, 143, 144, 219

British Museum 90

Brussels 102

Bukharin, N.I. 96, 125, 236, 239, 261, 280–2

Bund
see
Jewish Workers’ Party

bureaucracy 243–6, 270–6

Capri Party School 91, 93 careerism 243–6, 278–1 Castroism 283 Ceausescu, N 247 Chagall, Marc 237 Cheka 97, 186, 209–11, 235, 250, 269, 272 Chernov, Victor 160, 193, 194–5 Chernyshevsky, Nikolai 12, 18, 33, 52, 103, 200,
What is to be Done?

12–13, 18, 33 China 171, 249 Chudivise 135 Churchill, Winston 221 civil war 205–6, 219–20, 290 ‘first’

(1917–18) 187, 204 Comintern (Communist International) 223, 225–6, 275 committees of poor peasants (
kombedy
) 217–9 communist arrogance 270–1 Communist Party
see
Bolshevik Party Constituent Assembly 176, 177, 192–3, 194, 236 Constitutional Democratic (Kadet) Party 60, 71, 83, 84, 85, 142, 192 Control Commission, Party 272, 273 Copenhagen 81, 102 cossacks Don 187 Crimean War 8 Cuba 283 cult of Lenin’s personality 283–4 cultural revolution 234–40 Czech Legion 205

Danielson, N.F. 37 Danton, Georges-Jacques 189 Defence Soviet (Labour and Defence Committee) 256–7 Denikin, General 205 dialectics 128 Dostoevsky, Fyodor 288,
The Devils
288 Dukhonin, Admiral 186, 197

Duma 152, 176 First (1906) 84; Second (1906) 76, 85; Third (1907–12) 85, 86–7, 92; Fourth (1912–17) 92–3, 106–7, 138–9

Dzerzhinsky, Feliks 209, 250

Economism 14, 41–2, 53–6, 57, 59,

61, 66, 261 Eisenhower, Dwight120 Ekaterinodar 187 electrification 230, 231; electrifica tion commission (GOELRO) 231 Elizarov, Mark 161, 164, 258 Engelhardt, Alexander 39 Engels, Frederick 18, 40, 54, 90, 168, 172, 200,
The Condition of the Working Class in England
18;
The Origins of Family, Private Property and the State
23

Estonia 219

fascism 247
February revolution (1917) 129,

138–41, 142, 143–4, 145 Finland 81, 100–1, 219, 226, 257 Finland Station 141, 142, 147 First International 109 First Machine Gun Regiment 159 Flakserman, Galina 179 Fofanova, Marguerita Vasilevna 179 Fourrier, Charles 200 France 43, 47–8, 66, 116, 119, 124, 132, 140, 143, 144, 219 French Revolution 188

Gapon, Fr Georgii 75 Geneva 64–6, 88, 101, 104, 131 Geneva, Lake 11, 68, 76 Germany 100, 110, 116, 119, 121, 161, 184, 219, 221, 226 Gestapo 122

Girondins 188

Glavlit (censorship) 236, 269

Gorbachev, Mikhail 246

Gorky (village) 212, 257, 258, 269, 281–2

Gorky, Maxim 36, 68, 72, 81, 88–9, 91, 92, 93, 94, 97, 101, 102, 136, 179, 207, 236, 251, 257, 258, 260

Grey, Sir Edward 127

Guchkov, A. 143

Hegel, Friedrich 33, 127

Helsinki 85, 165–6, 179

Hilferding, Rudolf 118–26, 169–71;
Finance Capital
118–25

Hitler, Adolf 247

Ho Chi Minh 283

Hobson, J.A. 117–8, 123

India 249

International Socialist Bureau 78, 85, 92

Iskra
(
The Spark
) 43, 52, 55, 60, 63–4, 71, 78

Izvestiia
213

Jacobins 188, 189, 288 Japan 75, 219 Jaurès, Jean 93 Jewish Workers’ Party (Bund) 60, 61
juche
idea 283 July Days 159–64, 172

Kadet Party
see
Constitutional Democratic Party Kalinin, M 152

Kamenev, L 94, 96, 101, 129, 152, 163, 167, 179–80, 189, 190, 259, 260, 278, 279, 281

Index
305

Kant, Immanuel 33

Kaplan, F 250

Kautsky, Karl 58, 72, 93, 122, 142, 149, 252–3,
Dictatorship of the Proletariat
252

Kerensky, Alexander Fyodorovich 9, 107, 144, 160–1, 162, 173, 174, 175, 194–5

Kerensky, Fyodor 9

Keynes, John Maynard 124

Khrushchev, N.S. 246

Kienthal conference 110, 133–4

Kiev 187

Kokushkino 7, 17

Kolchak, Admiral 205

Kollontai, Alexandra 129, 142

Korea, North 283

Kornilov, General Lavr 162, 173–4, 175, 176, 181, 184, 187, 194

Krakow 104–5, 107, 127

Kremer, Arkadii 23;
On Agitation
23

Kremlin 186, 212, 230, 281

Kronstadt 84, 159, 160, 179, 220, 264, 269

Krupskaya Nadezhda 14, 17, 19, 20–1, 55, 63, 81, 83, 91, 117, 157, 158, 161, 164–6, 207, 211, 212, 240, 257, 260; meets Lenin 20; with Lenin in Siberia 30–36; marries Lenin 30; joins Lenin abroad in 1901 44–5; in Geneva with Lenin (1903–5) 64; in Geneva, Paris and Krakow with Lenin (1907–14) 101–5; and dispute with Stalin 1922–3 279; in Switzerland with Lenin 126–30,132–7; death of her mother 130; with Lenin at Gorky 257, 281–2

Kshesinskaya mansion 151, 158, 159, 161 Kuban 187 Kuokkala 81, 88 Kuskova, E. 41

labour conscription 232–3, 266–8

Lafargue, Paul 93

Lahti 165

Lansbury, George 285

Latvia 219

Latvian Rifle Regiment 186

Lausanne 129, 131

Lena massacre 106

Lenin, Vladimir Il’ich (Ulyanov) birth and family background 4–7; school record 9; and execution of brother 11, 14, 67; and populism 11, 13–14, 21–2, 25, 58–9 ,182; influence of Bakunin on 13, 23, 24, 41, 167; at Kazan University 15, 16; as student of St Petersburg University 15, 18; first visit to western Europe 20, 25–6; meets Nadezhda Krupskaya 20; knowledge of conspiratorial techniques 21; early contacts with workers 22; nicknamed ‘starik’ (the old man) 27; exile in Siberia 29–42; marries Nadezhda Krupskaya 30; returns from Siberian exile 42; leaves Russia (1900) 43; in Munich 1901–2 44–6; in London 1902–3 46–8; and party building 1901–3 49–62; in Geneva 1903–5 64–6, 77–81; and 1905 revolution 74–6, 77–86; and party in 1905 77–9, 83; and tactics in 1905 79–81; in Russia and Finland 1905–7 81–6; and violence 80, 208–11, 246–55; returns to western Europe 1907 85–6; and philosophy 88–91; and party organization 1909–12 92–7; on imperialism 98–9, 123–6; on reforms 99; on Taylorism 100; in Geneva, Paris and Krakow 100–5; in Switzerland 1914–17 105–41; and outbreak of war 1914 107–9, 111–16; and dialectics 128; returns to Russia April 1917 140–1; in Petrograd April–July 1917 142–164; in Finland July–October 1917 162–179; campaign for insurrection 175–82, 188–9; and bureaucracy 187, 270–6; and land policy 1917 193–5; and Decree on Peace 1917 196; and peace treaty March 1918 198–9; and policies for transition to socialism 200–2, 212–19, 263–8, 276–7; mental framework and morality of 206–8; 247–9, 259–60; in Finland with Krupskaya Jan 1918 211; car shot at Jan 1918 211; on dictatorship 214–5; and ‘turn towards the middle peasant’ 218; importance of consciousness to 234–40, 274–5; on sex 237; dismisses freudianism 237; on religion 238–9, on Defence Committee 256–7; illnesses worsen 258; and cult of personality 259–61, 283–4; and relations with colleagues 261–2; as philosopher-king 262; at Tenth Party Congress 268–9; on leading role of party 274; and question of succession 277–81; and final dispute with Stalin 278–81; last visit to Kremlin 281; dies at Gorky 282

Leninism 72, 208, 275–6, 284, 287

Liebknecht, Karl 58, 225 liquidators 92–7, 102

Lissitsky, El 237

Lithuania 219

London 46–8, 60–1, 63, 67, 78, 81, 102, 104, 117, 126, 157, 289

Loyola, Ignatius 96

Lunacharsky, A.V. 72, 88, 89, 93, 102, 159, 186

Luxemburg, Rosa 72, 91, 100, 114, 125, 225, 253–4

Macchiavelli, Niccolo 252

Mach, Ernst 89

Malinovsky, Roman 93, 96

Mao Zedong 171; Maoism 283

Marne, river 127

Martov, Iulii 45, 50, 52, 60–2, 63, 70, 71, 72, 93, 94, 129, 131, 164, 180, 261, 288

Marx, Karl 11–12, 13, 14, 18, 36, 39, 40, 53, 54, 61, 64, 82, 88, 90, 155, 167, 168, 169, 170, 172, 186, 200, 233–4, 248;
Communist Manifesto
12, 18, 40;
Das Kapital
18, 23;
The German Ideology
90;
Anti-Duhring
90

Marxism 36, 49, 50, 59, 72, 88, 99, 166–9, 227, 233–4, 235, 239, 248, 263

Masurian Lakes 127

Mayakovsky, V 237, 284

Menshevism 14, 59, 73, 84, 92–7, 131, 147, 149, 150, 163, 174, 176, 177, 180, 181, 182, 183, 186, 188, 192, 261, 263, 288

Miliukov Note 158

Miliukov, Pavel 86, 142, 143, 175

Mirbach, Count von 199

Mogilev 186

Molotov, V.M. 96

Index
307

Moscow 68, 75, 83, 179, 186, 251, 274, 289; Soviet government moves to 212

Moscow State Conference 173

Moscow uprising (1905) 76, 84, 219

motor cycles 100

Munich 43, 45, 166; Fasching in 43

Narodnaya volya
(
The Peoples Will
) 23, 58

Nechaev, Sergei 13, 288

Neivola 157

New Economic Policy 206, 232, 259, 264–6, 276–7, 290–1

Nicholas I, Tsar 8

Nicholas II 75, 76, 86, 138, 139, 289

Nietzsche, Friedrich 247

Nizhnii Novgorod 250

Novaia zhizn’i (New Life)
(1905) 64, 81; (1917) 236

NovoCherkassk 187

October Manifesto 76, 77, 78, 86

October Revolution 159, 172, 184, 188, 189, 197, 206

Ordzhonikidze, S 96, 258, 279

otzovists 92–7, 102

Owen, Robert 200

Paris 63, 88, 91, 101–4, 126, 155

Paris Commune 155, 167–9

Passchendaele 127

Pershikova, Valentina 260

Petrograd Soviet 144, 152, 156, 173, 179, 182–3, 105; Military Revolutionary Committee 182–3, 185, 189

planning, economic 231–2

Plato 89

Platten, Fritz 140–1, 198, 211

Plekhanov, George 11, 26, 38, 43, 52, 58, 61, 62, 70, 71, 72,77,78, 85, 92, 93, 129, 131, 164, 180;
Our Differences
38

Pobedonostsev, Konstantin 10

pogroms 210

Pokrovsky, M.N. 238

Poland 104–5, 219, 221

populism 11, 24, 25, 37, 49, 99

Poronin 105

Port Arthur 75

Potemkin mutiny 75

Potresov, N 61

Prague 44, 95, 166

Pravda
95, 152, 163, 165, 192, 213, 243

Preobrazhensky, E 236, 262, 281

productionism 216, 227–33

Progressive Bloc 138

Prokopovich, S 41;
Credo
41

Proletarii
(
Proletarians
) 64, 78, 88, 93

Proletkul’t 239–40, 274

Provisional Government 138, 142, 147, 153, 154, 156, 162, 174, 175, 180, 182, 192

Pyatakov, G 129

Q’uran 283 Quelch, Harry 51

Radek, K 96, 261

Rasputin 138

Razliv 165

recallists 92–7, 102

Red Army 186, 217; political commissars 217, 272; communists in 217

Red Guards 186, 216

red terror 1918–19 250

Revel 179

revolutionary war 205–55 Robins, Colonel J 198

Rostov 187

Rothorn 132–3

Rozmirovich, Elena 96, 129

Rumsfeld, Donald 247

Russell, Bertrand 285

Russian Social-Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP) founded 1898 42; Second Congress 42, 60–2, 66; Third Congress 77–8, 79; central committee 94

Rykov, A 96

Saddam Hussein 247

Second International 109, 128, 142, 149, 288; and outbreak of war in 1914 109–110

Serge, Victor 244

Shklovsky, V 129

Shlyapnikov, Alexander 129

Shmidt inheritance 95

Shuia 251

Shushenskoe 31–6

Siberia 206

Simbirsk 4, 187

Skaldin (Alenev, Fyodor) 39

Smith, Adam 39

Smolny Institute 102

Snowden, Ethel 285

socialism in one country 227

Socialist Revolutionary Party (SRs) 71, 74, 83, 150, 153, 163, 174, 176, 180, 181, 182, 183, 186, 188, 192, 194–5, 269; left SRs 193, 288; left SR uprising (July 1918) 199–200

Soerenberg 132–3

Somme, battle of 127

Sotsial Demokrat
127

soviets 144, 148–9, 153, 170, 201, 202; First All-Russian Soviet Congress (June 1917) 156–7, 188; Second All-Russian Congress (October 1917) 183, 185, 189, 190, 194, 195–6, 212, 223; Third All-Russian Congress (Jan 1918) 193; Fourth (Extraordinary) All-Russian Congress (March 1918) 193, 199; Congress of Soviets of the Northern Region 179

Sovnarkom (Council of People’s Commissars) 183, 198, 256, 257

Spartacus League 225

Spiridonova, Maria 193

SRs
see
Socialist Revolutionary Party

St Petersburg (Petrograd) 74, 75, 81, 126, 141, 146–7, 156, 179, 203, 219, 249, 250, 289; Soviet government moves from 212

St Petersburg Soviet 83

St Petersburg, University of 8–9, 15, 18

Stalin I.V. 96, 129, 152, 162, 247, 251, 256, 260, 261, 268, 272, 278–81, 284, 290, 291;
Problems of Leninism
284