Legacy of Secrecy (158 page)

CHAPTER ONE

1.
“A Presumption of Disclosure: Lessons from the John F. Kennedy Assassination Records Review

Board,” report by OMB Watch, 2000, available at ombwatch.org.
2.
Seymour M. Hersh, “Aides say Robert

Kennedy told of CIA Castro plot,”
The
New York Times,
3-10-75.
3.
Investigation of Improper Activities in the Labor or Management Field, Senate Select Committee Hearings, 6-30-59; Ruby’s 1959 activities are

documented at length in Lamar Waldron and Thom Hartman,
Ultimate Sacrifice
, (New York: Carol & Graf Publishers, 2005), chapter 32.
4.
Dan E. Moldea,
The Hoffa Wars: Teamsters, Rebels, Politicians, and the Mob
(New York: SPI, 1993), p. 108.
5.
Gus Russo,
Live by the Sword: The Secret War against Castro and the Death
of JFK
(Baltimore: Bancroft Press, 1998), p. 163.
6.
Joseph A. Califano, Jr.,
Inside: A Public and Private Life
(New York: Public Affairs, 2004), pp. 115-29; interviews with confidential Kennedy aide source 3-17-92

and confidential Kennedy Foreign Policy source 4-18-96.
7.
Evan Thomas,
Robert Kennedy: His Life
(New York: Simon & Schuster, 2000), p. 159.
8.
JCS 202-10001-10171.
9.
Chase and Lerman,
Kennedy and the Press
(New York: Crowell, 1965), pp. 333-39; John F. Kennedy address at Rice University 9-12-62, from Public

Papers of the Presidents of the United States, v. 1, 1962, pp. 669-70; Laurence Chang and Peter Kornbluh,

eds.,
The Cuban Missile Crisis 1962
(New York: The New Press), 1992.
10.
Interview with confidential
790

LEGACY OF SECRECY

Kennedy C-Day official source 3-17-92; William Attwood memos 11-8-63 and 11-22-63.
11.
Clifton Daniel,
Chronicle of America
(Liberty, MO: JL International Publishing, 1993), p. 800.
12.
JCS 202-10001-10171.

13.
“Cuban Exiles in New Drive for Unity to Topple Castro,”
The
New York Times,
5-11-63, citing 5-10-63

AP report. This was one of three similar articles that came out around the same time.
14.
RFK Oral History at the JFK Library; Edwin O. Guthman and Jeffrey Shulman, eds.,
Robert Kennedy: In His Own Words: The

Unpublished Recollections of the Kennedy Years
(Toronto, New York: Bantam, 1988), pp. 376, 377.
15.
Evan Thomas,
Robert Kennedy: His Life
(New York: Simon & Schuster, 2000), pp. 238-39.
16.
Robert Kennedy phone logs at the National Archives.
17.
Harry Williams interviews 4-92, 7-24-93.
18.
Declassified ZR/

RIFLE notes of William Harvey, also cited in Senate Church Committee Report,
Alleged Assassination Plots

Involving Foreign Leaders
(New York: Norton, 1976).
19.
CIA 104-10315-10004, AMWORLD memo 6-28-63, declassified 1-27-99.
20.
Foreign Relations of the United States
, vol. XI, Department of State, #370.
21.
Arthur Schlesinger, Jr.,
Robert Kennedy and His Times
(New York: Ballantine, 1979), p. 598-600.
22.
Church Committee Report, vol. V, pp. 20, 21, 31, citing CIA Memorandum for the DCI, “Considerations for US Policy

Toward Cuba and Latin America,” 12-9-63; Foreign Relations of the United States, vol. XI, Department of

State, #388, 12-19-63.
23.
Gus Russo,
Live by the Sword
(Baltimore: Bancroft Press, 1978), p. 276; note that the wording could not have been intended by JFK for Rolando Cubela/AMLASH, because Helms admitted

that he never told JFK, or Bobby, about the Cubela assassination operation.
24.
CIA Document 12-6-63, from Director, released during the 1993 CIA Historical Review Program, courtesy Dr. John Newman.
25.

CIA cable to Director from Rio de Janeiro, 9-13-63.
26.
Army document, Summary of plan dated 9-26-63, Califano Papers, Record Number 198-10004-10001, declassified 10-7-97; interview with Dean Rusk 1-5-90; interview with confidential Naval Intelligence Investigator source 10-27-91; Tony Sciacca,
Kennedy

and His Women
(Manor, 1976), pp. 83-90.
27.
Haynes Johnson, “One Day’s Events Shattered America’s Hopes and Certainties,”
Washington Post,
11-20-83.
28.
CIA 104-10308-10283; 104-10308-10274.
29.
CIA

#104-10308-10098, declassified 9-18-98.
30.
CIA #104-10308-10098, declassified 9-18-98.
31.
Phillips’ entire novel proposal has not been published, but portions have appeared in other sources, such as Anthony

and Robbyn Summers, “The Ghosts of November,”
Vanity Fair
, December 1994, p. 139. While Phillips’

proposal appears to be for a novel, it could also be for a movie or play.
32.
FBI memo, New York to Director, 6-2-65.
33.
CIA memos from 1963 through 1965 show that Almeida remained close to Raul Castro,

even as Almeida’s command over Cuba’s Army gradually eroded.
34.
HSCA vol. X, March 1979, p. 77;

interview with Harry Williams 2-24-92; interview with confidential C-Day Defense Dept. source 7-6-92;

interview with confidential Kennedy C-Day aide source 3-17-92.
35.
Army document, summary of plan

dated 9-26-63, Califano Papers, Record Number 198-10004-10001, declassified 10-7-97; Joint Chiefs of

Staff document, dated 12-4-63 with 11-30-63 report from Cyrus Vance, 80 total pages, Record Number

202- 10002-101116, declassified 10-7-97.
36.
CIA 104-10308-10198; Fabian Escalante at Nassau Conference, cited in
AARC Quarterly
, Fall 95/Winter 1996 issue.
37.
Confidential Kennedy Foreign Policy source 4-18-96.
38.
Part of the DR later evolved into an anti-Castro group based outside Cuba, called the DRE

(Directorio Revolutionario Estudiantial).
39.
Confidential Kennedy Foreign Policy source 4-18-96.
40.
CIA 104-10309-10008.
41.
CIA cable from (censored) source to Director, 10-30-63.
42.
Interview with Dean Rusk, 1-5-90; Confidential Kennedy Foreign Policy source, 4-18-96.
43.
Foreign Relations of the United States, vol. XI, Department of State, #376, 11-12-63.
44.
CIA 104-10306-10024.

CHAPTER TWO

1.
Joseph A. Califano, Jr.,
Inside: A Public and Private Life
(New York: Public Affairs, 2004), p. 119.
2.
Ibid, p. 125.
3.
Califano Papers 198-10004-10001, declassified 10-7-97; 198-10004-10072, declassified 7-24-97; JCS 202-10002-101116, declassified 10-7-97.
4.
Ibid.
5.
Ibid.
6.
Ibid.
7.
Harry Williams 7-24-93; interview with confidential C-Day Defense Dept. source 7-6-92.
8.
Califano Papers, 198-10004-10001, declassified 10-7-97; 198-10004-10072 declassified 7-24-97; JCS 202-10002-101116, declassified 10-7-97.
9.
Richard

Reeves,
President Kennedy: Profile of Power
(New York: Simon & Schuster, 1993), pp. 305, 306.
10.
CIA 104-10308-10113.
11.
While General Carroll probably wouldn’t have appreciated knowing his conversations

were being reported to the CIA, his own associates were engaged in similar high-level surveillance. In

Joseph Califano’s recent autobiography, he points to a time in June 1963 when he and his superior, Army

Secretary Cyrus Vance, “secretly ran all” of “the White House and Justice Department…communication

lines through the Army war room. Sitting there, Vance and I were able to listen to any conversations the

President or Attorney General had…Because we assumed Robert Kennedy would have objected to our

eavesdropping, we never let him know.” Joseph A. Califano, Jr.,
Inside: A Public and Private Life
(New York: Public Affairs, 2004), p. 109.
12.
Interview with confidential Naval Intelligence investigator source, 10-27-91.
13.
Department of the Army documents dated 9-14-63 and 9-27-63, provided by the State

Department, in SSCIA record number 157-10005-10372 dated 3-27-76, declassified 2-18-94.
14.
Ibid; 11-

12-63 the John F. Kennedy Presidential Library, NLK 78-473, declassified 5-6-80.
15.
Army document,

Notes

791

summary of plan dated 9-26-63, Califano Papers, Record Number 198-10004-10001, declassified 10-7-97.

16.
The
New York Times,
12-3-63 (87:4); interview with Harry Williams, 2-24-92.
17.
Evan Thomas,
Robert
Kennedy: His Life
(New York: Simon & Schuster, 2000), pp. 177, 178, 238, 239; Haynes Johnson, “One Day’s Events Shattered America’s Hopes and Certainties,”
Washington Post,
11-20-83; Haynes Johnson with

Manuel Artime and others,
The Bay of Pigs: The Leaders’ Story of Brigade 2506
(New York: Norton, 1964), many passages.
18.
CIA 104-10274-10447.
19.
CIA 104-10274-10391; CIA 104-10274-10412; CIA 104-10274-10408; CIA 104-10275; CIA 104-10274-10446.
20.
NARA 1994.03.17.10:45:20:220005, CIA 104-10235-10266;

CIA Memorandum “Manolo Ray Rivero Meeting of 24-25 September 1963,” declassified 2003; JMWAVE

to CIA Director AMWORLD 11-23-63; Interviews with Harry Williams 2-24-92, 7-24-93.
21.
While the

term “CIA-Mafia plots” is used by historians, it does not mean the plots were sanctioned by, or known

to, the national Mafia commission. Only the named mob bosses were involved in the plots, which were

largely secret from most of the nation’s Mafia chiefs.
22.
William Scott Malone, “The Secret Life of Jack Ruby,”
New Times,
1-23-78; Gaeton Fonzi,
The Last Investigation
(New York: Thunder’s Mouth, 1994), p.

373; Bradley Ayers,
The War that Never Was
(Canoga Park, Calif.: Major Books, 1979), pp. 58, 59.
23.
CIA Office of Security Varona File Summary, Record Number 180-10144-10405, declassified 8-23-95; CIA

Confidential Information Report, 8-30-63; Document ID number1993.07.29.17:58:19:340059, declassified

7-29-93.
24.
CIA 104-10048-10173; Peter Dale Scott,
Crime and Cover-Up: The CIA, the Mafia, and the Dallas-Watergate Connection
(Santa Barbara, Calif.: Open Archive Press, 1993), pp. 16-18; Peter Dale Scott,
Deep
Politics and the Death of JFK
(Berkeley: University of California Press, 1993), p. 120; Anthony Summers,
Conspiracy
(New York: Paragon House, 1989), pp. 293-304; Anthony Summers,
Not In Your Lifetime
(New York: Marlowe & Co., 1998) p. 236; interview with Lauren Batista and Alberto Fowler by Jim Alcock,

Assistant District Attorney, 2-5-67. Note that reports vary about the number of camps, and their affiliation

with the ammo dump.
25.
CIA #104-10098-10093, 10-31-63 AMWORLD Dispatch, declassified 6-20-96;

CIA 104-10061-10115 pp. 89-91; CIA 104-10072-10234l; HSCA 180-10110-10016, pp. 10-12, 81, 82.
26.
E.

Howard Hunt,
Give Us This Day
(New Rochelle: Arlington House, 1973), pp. 11, 12; Tad Szulc,
Compulsive
Spy
(New York: Viking, 1974), p. 93.
27.
CIA 104-10275-10033.
28.
Ray and Mary La Fontaine, “The Fourth Tramp,”
Washington Post,
8-7-94; FBI airtel to “Director, FBI” from “SAC, San Antonio”, 11-8-63, HSCA

#1801007810062, declassified 11-29-93; FBI airtel to “Director, FBI” from “SAC, San Antonio,” 11-1-63;

HSCA #1801007810064, declassified 11-29-93; HSCA #1801007810066, FBI document to “Director, FBI”

from “SAC, San Antonio;” Ray and Mary La Fontaine,
Oswald Talked: The New Evidence in the JFK Assas-

sination
(Gretna: Pelican, 1996), pp. 207, 282, 286; CIA document, HSCA, Record Number 180-10143-10209, CIA Segregated Collection, Agency File Number 28-43-01, declassified 8-16-95; FBI airtel to Director, FBI

from SAC, Dallas, 11-29-63, HSCA #1801007810057. Documents provided by Bill Adams.
29.
Staff and

editors of
Newsday, The Heroin Trail
(New York: New American Library, 1974), pp. 114-19; Douglas Val-

entine,
The Strength of the Wolf: The Secret History of America’s War on Drugs
(London, New York: Verso, 2004), pp. 364-71.
30.
Richard D. Mahoney,
Sons & Brothers
(New York: Arcade, 1999), p. 278.
31.
Larry Hancock,
Someone Would Have Talked
(Southlake, TX: JFK Lancer, 2006), pp. 314, 315.
32.
See http:

//mcadams.posc.mu.edu/morley1.htm.
33.
Memorandum by Bud Fensterwald, submitted to the US

Justice Department, 7-13-82.
34.
Harry Williams interviews 4-92, 7-24-93; See Gus Russo,
Live by the Sword:
The Secret War against Castro and the Death of JFK
(Baltimore: Bancroft Press, 1998), many passages.
35.

CIA 104-10434-10267 and CIA 104-10434-10283, both declassified 11-18-98.
36.
CIA 104-10295-10152, cable from JMWAVE to CIA Director McCone 12-3-63, declassified 5-19-99.
37.
Richard Helms with William

Hood,
A Look Over My Shoulder: A Life in the Central Intelligence Agency
(New York: Random House, 2003), pp. 226, 227.
38.
CIA #104-10098-10093, 10-31-63 AMWORLD Dispatch, declassified 6-20-96; CIA 104-10061-10115, pp. 89-91; CIA 104-10072-10234l; HSCA 180-10110-10016, pp. 10-12, 81, 82; Gaeton Fonzi,

The Last Investigation
(New York: Thunder’s Mouth, 1994), many passages.
39.
In 1961, CIA files showed that Phillips had been part of an operation with CIA officer James McCord that targeted the FPCC. In

1962, the CIA and FBI began jointly targeting the FPCC with a high-level informant, illegal break-ins,