Jewish Life in Nazi Germany: Dilemmas and Responses (53 page)

Fürst, Paula, 150, 160 Fürth, 44n113

Garsden, 120

Gay, Peter, 40n65, 89, 110

Gay Ruth, 89

Geisel, eike, 173

General Government, 153

German Christian settlers in Palestine, 83
Germania Judaica
, 174–175, 181 Gershom, ezra Ben, 18

Gerstel, else, 28, 30

Geschichte der Juden in Deutschland
, 175–176

Gesellschaft für handwerkliche Arbeit (Society for Manual Labor), 101

Gestapo, 7, 19, 37, 58, 59– 60, 64, 71,

76, 79, 80–81, 86, 123, 124, 127,

128, 131, 133, 137, 139, 140, 141,

151, 153–154, 156, 157–158, 160,

162–163, 170, 171, 201–204

ghetto, 10, 11, 55, 118, 120, 122, 123–124, 125, 126, 129, 132, 133, 143, 158,

164, 170, 173, 174, 207

Krankenhausghetto
(hospital ghetto), 139

without walls, 140 ghettoization

of German Jews, 11, 12, 118, 123, 137,

142–143, 171, 173, 177

Ghettokultur
, 121

Ghettomentalität
, 121

Ginzburg, Pino, 1, 2

Glaser, Ruth, 36

Goebbels, Joseph, 82, 92, 112n13, 123,

159, 190

Göring, Hermann, 70n53, 124, 125, 126,

212, 214

Göring, Matthias H., 62–63, 70n53

Grau, wilhelm, 180–181

Gruner, wolf, 68n28, 127, 142

Grynszpan, Herschel, 6

Gurs, 153, 157

Gürtner, Franz, 199

gypsies, 3

Haavara Transfer Agreement, 77, 79,

82–85, 88n18

Habonim noar Chaluzi, 45n122, 97 Habsburg Monarchy, Jews in, 177
hachschara
(vocational training), 10

24–25, 34, 36 39n 30, 79–81, 88n13,

99–102, 109, 111, 114, 141, 152, 203

Hadassah, 45n123

Haganah (Jewish self-defense organization in Palestine), 1, 152

Halbjude
(“half Jew”), 5, 59, 69n37, 133–134

Hamburg, 28, 38n4, 41n76, 61, 69n33,

69n38, 90, 100, 128, 133–134, 135,

138, 155

handicapped, 3

Hannover, 131, 138–139, 155

Hashomer Hazair, 97

Haskalah, Berlin 180

Hechaluz, 45n122, 81, 92, 97, 100, 101

Hed Bethar, 92

Heimeinkaufsvertr
ä
ge
(home purchase contracts), 159, 162

Hellerberg, 131

Hellwig, Verena, 21, 31, 42n96

Henschel, Moritz, 160, 162

Hess, Rudolf, 199, 219

Heydrich, Reinhard, 96, 125, 129, 153–154,

159

Hilberg, Raul, 14n26, 45n125, 47–48,

71–72, 81, 87n2, 164

Hildebrand, klaus, 86

Hildesheimer Rabbinerseminar, 174 Hilfsverein der deutschen Juden (Aid Association of German Jews), 36, 43n112, 45n121

Himmler, Heinrich, 57, 58

Hindenburg, Paul von, 3, 28, 41n79

Hirsch, otto, 71, 150, 155, 189, 192

Hirschfeld, Gerhard, 86

Hirschfeld, Paul, 86, 153, 154

Hitler, Adolf, 3–4, 6–7, 13n24, 20, 22,

29, 37, 42n91, 50, 51, 52, 84–85,

92, 100, 103, 104, 109, 117, 124,

126, 132, 135, 172, 174, 176, 186,

190, 191, 194, 196, 198, 201, 207,

209

Mein Kampf
, 42

Gospel according to “St. Hitler,” 206 Hochschule für die wissenschaft des Judentums, 174

Hoffmann, Christhard, 181

Hoffmann, Jacob, 189

Holland, 33, 102, 114nn45–46

Hollbeckshof, 131

Horn, Staatsanwalt otto, 59–60, 61, 63 Housing Advisory Boards, 128 Hungary, 45n125

“intentionalists“, 85, 86

Izbica, 142

Jedwabne, 117, 144n2

Jerusalem, 1, 45n124, 88n13, 105–106,

108, 174

Jewish Agency for Palestine, 45n121, 79, 82–83, 91, 92, 93, 99, 105, 106, 107, 108

Jewish Council, see
Judenrat
Jewish Hospital, Berlin, 134

Jewish Joint Distribution Committee, 45n124, 156

Jews

assimilation, 3, 9, 12, 50, 73, 74, 90, 95, 97–98, 102, 103, 104, 109, 112, 132,

172, 179

blocked accounts, 42n89, 151

brutality against, 2, 4, 5, 7, 8, 11, 12, 35, 37, 43n 111, 43–44n113, 92, 107,

110, 123, 135, 140, 165, 200

children in Germany, 8, 15–37, 40n45, 43n88, 43n91, 44n113, 45n114, 45nn123–124, 54, 58–60, 62–64,

74, 91, 133, 136, 138–139, 140, 158,

192, 205, 206, 207

civil service, 4, 49, 185, 217

closure of businesses, 6, 17, 201–202 communities (see also
yishuv
), 6, 43n108, 72, 73, 75, 76–77, 91–92, 94, 100,

107–108, 117–43, 149–152, 158–60,

175, 187, 206, 207, 209, 215

concealment of, 48, 129

converted, 8, 36, 49, 51, 74, 95, 178

deportation, 4, 6, 7, 43n101, 55, 59, 60,

64, 72, 78, 81, 86, 118, 119, 121, 127,

128, 129, 130, 131, 133, 135, 137,

140, 151, 153–155, 157–166, 172

divorce, 46, 61, 132–134, 136, 162

domestics, 26, 36, 43

emigration, 1, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 13n24,

19, 24, 25–26, 27 29–30, 31–36,

45n121, 48, 77, 79, 81, 84–85, 91,

94, 96, 97–99, 101, 102–3, 105–111,

112n14, 123, 128, 150–151,

152–153, 157, 163, 203, 213–214,

215, 217

employment, 17, 35 38n14, 38n18

forced labor, 11, 35, 81, 118, 121,

123, 126, 128, 131–132, 140–143,

147n75,

foreign securities, 74, 106, 108, 115n67,

159, 207, 217

hiding (see also Jews, underground), 20, 48, 65, 134, 139, 142, 143, 160, 168n43, 182n1

historians, 12, 50, 52, 66, 76, 89,

172–177

immigration, 1, 10, 34, 39, 80, 88n13,

99, 151–152

intimidation of, 2, 4, 7, 92 kosher meat problem, 17

language learning, 33, 80, 151, 197

lawyers, 4, 89, 94, 139, 162, 165, 207

legislation against, 4–8 ,11, 17, 21, 52–53, 106, 187, 192

loss of civil rights, 4–5, 89

marriage, 5, 30 36, 50, 60–61, 132–133,

159, 162–163, 169n50, 197, 216

newspapers, 5–6, 17, 23, 29, 92, 99, 171,

174, 204

organizations, 6–7, 10, 18, 34, 36, 71–

81, 91–111, 112n18, 114n48, 128,

149–166, 185, 187, 192, 209, 216

orthodox, 8, 76, 90, 92, 100, 131, 142, 174

passports, 33 42n 89, 155–156

persecution of, 2–3, 8–12, 32, 47–66,

72, 76, 104, 117–143, 156–166, 171,

200–201

posing (or passing) as Christians, 9, 64 “privileged,” 9, 48, 54, 60, 65, 132–133, 139, 158, 160

quotas, 5, 30, 99

rescue of, 10, 31, 42n96, 45n 123, 66,

111, 120, 163, 164

resistance, 12, 22, 47–48, 67n7,

140–141, 144n15, 173, 188

Rüstungs-Juden
(Armament Jews)
,
131 schooling, 4, 15, 18, 21–24, 28, 34,
38n30, 40n45, 40n48, 40n59, 94, 99,

101, 109, 126, 136, 141, 159, 188,

192, 203–207, 215–219

segregation of, 2, 10, 49, 52, 117–143, 171

underground, 119, 120, 141, 160, 168n43

vegetarian menu, 17