Inventing Ireland (90 page)

41.
Ibid., 111–12.

42.
Jameson,
The Political Unconscious,
81.

43.
Northrop Frye,
Anatomy of Criticism,
Princeton 1957, 193.

44.
Synge,
Prose,
350.

45.
Synge,
Poems,
34.

46.
Ibid., 38.

47.
Synge Manuscripts TCD, MS 4382, f69v.

48.
Wilde,
The Artist as Critic,
398.

49.
Ibid., 283–4.

1.
Yeats,
Collected Poems,
8.

2.
Ibid., 9.

3.
Ibid., 35.

4.
Yeats,
Essays and Introductions,
195.

5.
Yeats,
Collected Poems,
71.

6.
Yeats,
Plays and Controversies,
161.

7.
Yeats,
Collected Poems,
88.

8.
Ibid., 89.

9.
Ibid., 126.

10.
Ibid., 141.

11.
On this see
Autobiographies,
330–2;
Essays and Introductions,
111–45.

12.
Yeats,
Collected Poems,
151–2.

13.
Ibid., 197.

14.
Ibid., 232.

15.
Yeats,
Collected Plays,
206.

16.
Ibid., 235.

17.
Ibid., 241.

1.
Yeats,
Collected Poems,
240.

2.
W. B. Yeats,
A Vision,
New York 1966, 10–11.

3.
Ibid., 24–5.

4.
The words are William Blake's, quoted by Peter Coveney,
The Image of Childhood,
54.

5.
F. Scott Fitzgerald,
The Crack-Up with Other Pieces and Stories,
Har-mondsworth 1965, 39.

6.
See
A Visum,
23–7.

7.
For a superb analysis of the greatest exponent see Seán Ó Tuama,
Filí faoi Sceimble,
Dublin 1979.

8.
Quoted by Ellmann,
Yeats: The Man and the Masks,
London 1965. 249.

9.
Yeats,
A Vision,
8.

10.
Quoted by Ellmann,
The Man and the Masks,
6.

11.
Letters of W. B. Yeats,
656.

12.
Yeats,
Explorations,
336
.

13.
A Vision,
52.

14.
Ibid., 52.

15.
Ibid., 84.

16.
On this sec Alfred Cobban, "The Revolt against the Eighteenth Century",
Romanticism and Consciousness,
ed. H. Bloom, New York 1972, 64.

17.
Yeats,
Explorations,
333–4.

18.
I take this from T. }. Diffey, "The Roots of Imagination",
The Romantics,
ed. Prickett, London 1981, 165–72.

19.
Quoted ibid., 190.

20.
Yeats,
Collected Poems,
240–1.

21.
Yeats,
Essays and Introductions,
158.

22.
Ibid., 341.

23.
A Vision,
114.

24.
Whitaker, 95. The phrase glossed is from
Autobiographies.

25.
Yeats,
Collected Poems,
266.

26.
Quoted by Jeffares,
A Commentary on the Collected Poems of W. B. Yeats,
Stanford 1968, 352.

27.
A Vision,
263.

28.
Ibid., 205–6.

1.
Gerald Griffin,
The Wild Geese,
London 1938, 24.

2.
For more contemporary examples see Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak,
The Postcolonial Critic,
London 1990, 165.

3.
Ellsworth Mason and Richard Ellmann,
The Critical Writings of James Joyce,
New York 1959, 174.

4.
Ibid., 198.

5.
Djuna Barnes, "James Joyce",
Vanity Fair,
XVIII, April 1922, 65.

6.
Quoted Ellmann,
James Joyce,
403.

7.
Deleuze and Guattari,
Kafka,
41.

8.
R. Ellmann ed.,
Letters of James Joyce 2,
London 1966, 134.

9.
Joyce,
A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man,
274
.

10.
Ibid., 205.

11.
Ibid., 220.

12.
Ibid., 274.

13.
James Joyce,
Finnegans Wake,
Harmondsworth 1992, 171.

14.
Salman Rushdie,
Imaginary Homelands,
London 1992, 11.

15.
Letters of James Joyce 1,
63.

16.
Joyce,
A Portrait,
228.

17.
Joyce,
Critical Writings,
196.

18.
Ibid., 224, 212.

19.
Ibid., 163.

20.
Ibid., 168.

21.
Ibid., 188.

22.
Ibid., 195.

23.
Vincent Tucker, "The Myth of Development", Unpublished paper, Dept. of Sociology, University College Cork 1993.

24.
Joyce,
Critical Writings,
173.

25.
This was the allegation made by John Eglinton against revivalist representations of the western peasant.

26.
Joyce,
Critical Writings,
166.

27.
Yeats,
Collected Poems,
167.

28.
Benedict Anderson,
Imagined Communities,
127–46.

29.
Rushdie,
Imaginary Homelands,
376.

30.
Gerald Martin,
Journeys Through the Labyrinth: Latin American Fiction in the Twentieth Century,
London 1989, 206.

31.
Octavio Paz, "A Literature of Foundation", in J. Donoso and W. Henkins eds.,
The Triquarterly Anthology of Latin American Literature,
New York 1969, 8 (tr. Laysander Kemp).

32.
Jorge Luis Borges,
Labyrinths,
Harmondsworth 1970, 221–4.

33.
Roberto Ferñandez Retamar,
Caliban and Other Essays,
tr. Edward Baker, Minneapolis 1989, 28.

34.
Joyce,
Ulysses,
248.

35.
Rushdie,
Imaginary Homelands,
420.

36.
R. A. Breatnach, "The End of a Tradition",
Studia Hibernica,
1961, 142.

37.
On this see Cathal Ó Háinle, "An tÚrscéal nár Tháinig",
Promhadh Pinn,
Dublin 1978, 74–98.

38.
Ulysses,
449.

39.
Linda Hutcheon,
A Theory of Parody: The Teaching of Twentieth Century Art Forms,
London 1985, 35.

40.
Jameson,
The Political Unconscious,
146.

41.
Tucker, ibid.,

42.
Spivak,
The Postcolonial Critic,
8.

43.
See Emer Nolan,
James Joyce and Nationalism,
London 1994.

44.
Ulysses,
42.

45.
Ibid., 49.

46.
Ibid., 56.

47.
Ibid., 55.

48.
Ibid., 45.

49.
Ibid., 181.

50.
Ibid., 248.

51.
Ibid., 235.

52.
Ibid., 258.

53.
Ibid., 239–40.

54.
Ibid., 272.

55.
On the decline in deference see David Fitzpatrick,
Politics and Irish Life 1913–21,
Dublin 1977; and J. J. Lee,
The Modernisation of Irish Society 1848–1918,
Dublin 1973.

56.
Ulysses, All.

57.
Ibid., 432.

58.
Ibid., 445.

59.
Ibid., 401.

60.
Ibid., 434.

61.
Ibid., 435–6.

62.
Ibid., 539.

63.
W. B. Yeats,
Samhain,
December 1906, 6.

64.
Ulysses, 60.

1.
Michael O'Sullivan,
Sean Lemass: A Biography
Dublin 1994, 55.

2.
For a good survey see Francis McManus ed.,
The Years of the Great Test 1926–39,
Cork 1967.

3.
Yeats,
Collected Poems,
377–81.

4.
On de Valera's rivalry with Collins, and for a full assessment of his 1937 constitution, see Tim Pat Coogan,
De Valero: Long Fellow, Long Shadow,
London 1993, 197–229 and 489–99.

5.
The strongest case for viewing Yeats as fascist is Conor Cruise O'Brien,
Passion and Cunning,
London 1988 (1965); but Elizabeth Cullingford's answer in
Yeats, Ireland and Fascism,
London 1981, is decisive.

6.
W. B. Yeats, "Divorce",
The Senate Speeches of W. B. Yeats,
ed. Donald R. Pearce, Indiana 1960, 157.

7.
Ibid., 104–5.

8.
Yeats,
Uncollected Prose 1,
462–3.

9.
Yeats,
Autobiographies,
333.

10.
Yeats,
Uncollected Prose 1,
462–3.

11.
On this see C. L. Innes,
Women and Nation in Irish Literature and Society 1880–1935,
Athens, Georgia 1993, 9–62.

12.
Francis Sheehy Skeffington,
1916 The Easter Rising,
151.

1.
Elizabeth Bowen,
The Shelbourne,
London 1951, 128.

2.
Elizabeth Bowen,
The Last September,
Harmondsworth 1987, 46.

3.
Elizabeth Bowen,
Bowen's Court,
London 1942, 22.

4.
Ibid., 97.

5.
Quoted by Victoria Glendinning,
Elizabeth Bowen: Portrait of a Writer,
Harmondsworth 1985, 12.

6.
Quoted by Edwin J. Kenney,
Elizabeth Bowen,
Lewisburg 1975, 23.

7.
Ibid., 92–3.

8.
Quoted Glendinning, 120–1.

9.
Ibid., 164–5.

10.
Ibid., 117.

11.
Elizabeth Bowen,
Pictures and Conversations,
London 1975, 23.

12.
Bowen's Court,
15.

13.
The Last September,
89.

14.
Quoted Kenney, 38.

15.
The Last September,
131.

16.
Ibid., 32–3.

17.
The Last September,
98.

18.
Ibid., 34.

19.
Ibid., 60.

20.
Ibid., 46.

21.
Ibid., 134.

22.
Ibid., 44.

23.
Ibid., 49.

24.
Ibid., 49.

25.
Glendinning, 206.

26.
Quoted Glendinning, 160.

27.
The Last September,
44.

28.
Ibid., 58.

29.
Walter Benjamin,
Charles Baudelaire: A Lyric Poet in the Era of High Capitalism,
tr. Harry Zohn, London 1983, 74.

30.
The Last September,
98.

31.
Benjamin, 75.

32.
The Last September,
187.

33.
Ibid., 161.

34.
Ibid., 82.

35.
Benjamin, 95–6.

36.
Bowen's Court,
194.

37.
Elizabeth Bowen,
The House in Paris,
London 1935, 94.

38.
Elizabeth Bowen,
Collected Impressions,
London 1950, 161.

39.
Ibid., 198.

40.
Bowen's Court,
338.

41.
Quoted Kenney, 18.

42.
Quoted Kenney, 23–4.

43.
Quoted Glendinning, 139.

44.
Quoted Ibid., 139.

1.
Albert Memmi,
The Colonizer and the Colonized,
tr
.
Howard Greenfeld, Boston 1967, 95–100.

2.
Ibid., 101.

3.
Patrick Kavanagh, "The Great Hunger",
Collected Poems,
London 1972, 36.

4.
Sean O'Casey,
Three Plays,
71.

5.
Joyce,
A Portrait,
262.

6.
Joyce,
Ulysses,
798.

7.
Ibid., 266.

8.
Ibid., 33.

9.
Synge,
Plays 2, 97.

10.
Ibid., 151.

11.
Ibid., 85.

12.
Ibid., 149.

13.
Matthew Bruccoli,
As Ever, Scott-Fitz,
London 1973, 184.

14.
Fanon,
A Dying Colonialism,
tr. Haakon Chevalier, Harmondsworth 1970, 81.

15.
Ibid., 83, 85.

16.
Ibid., 86.

17.
B. C. Rosset,
Shaw of Dublin: The Formative Years,
Pennsylvania 1964, 55, 102.

18.
The phrase was used by Michael Holroyd, lecture, Carlow, 11 May 1992.

19.
Dublin Evening Mail,
21 September 1923, 4.

20.
Stanley Weintraub ed.,
Shaw: An Autobiography 1856–98,
London 1969, 52.

21.
Ibid., 24.

22.
Salman Rushdie,
Midnight's Children,
London 1981, 108.

23.
Ibid., 111.

24.
Fanon,
A Dying Colonialism,
82.

25.
Ibid., 83.

26.
Letters of W. B. Yeats,
589.

27.
Yeats,
Autobiographies,
28.

28.
Ibid., 66.

29.
Letters of W. B. Yeats,
583.

30.
Joyce,
Portrait,
3.

31.
Ibid., 89.

32.
Hannah Arendt,
Between Past and Future: Six Exercises in Political Thought,
London 1961,