International Security: A Very Short Introduction (Very Short Introductions) (18 page)

ethnic war
51

Europe, realists’ predictions
23

EU (European Union)
31
,
89

immigration policies
101
–
3

Executive Outcomes
59

externalization of EU border controls
102

extremist beliefs
117

failed states
70

Falwell, Jerry
110

fossil fuels, demand
82
–
3

freedom from fear and freedom from want
6
,
65

freedom of speech
115

Frontex border agency
102
–
3

Galtung, Johan
10
–
12

Gearty, Conor
114

Geneva Conventions
47

global economy
73
–
6

global resources

abundance
84
–
5

scarcity
79
–
84
,
86
–
7

global warming
77
–
8
,
88
–
90

globalization, increase in migration
93

Guantanamo detainment centre
104
–
5

Gulf War (1991)
55

Guyana, emigration
97

H1N1 (swine flu)
69

Haiti
80
–
1

Halliburton
59

hegemonic power
14
,
23
–
5

regional
41

heroism of former terrorists
107

HIV/AIDS infections
65
,
67
,
68

Hobbes, Thomas
14

horizontal proliferation
20
,
27

Human Development Report
(1994, UNDP)
62
,
65
,
74

human security
12
,
16
–
17
,
63
–
76

humanitarian aid agencies
72

humanitarian intervention
42
–
6

Huntington, Samuel
51
,
99

identity

in conflict
22

national
98
–
10
0

sense of
16

shared
31

immigration

illegal
92

policies
94
–
5
,
96
,
101
–
3

India, emigration of Sikhs
97

infectious diseases
65
,
67
–
9

influenza epidemics
69

International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)
27
–
9

International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty (ICISS)
44
–
6

International Monetary Fund (IMF)
73
,
75

International Organization of Migration (IOM)
92

intervention
42
–
6

Iraq

economic sanctions on
39

peace enforcement
41

Iraq War (2003)
58
,
97
,
110

Islamic core values
100

Israel

emigration
97

water supplies
87

Jenkins, Brian
106

Kaldor, Mary
53

Kaplan, Robert
69
–
71

Kosovan Albanians
56
–
7

Kosovo, peace enforcement
42
,
44
–
5

Kyoto Protocol (1997)
88

Lacqueur, Walter
114
,
117

landmines, treaty against
63
–
4

language of security
16
–
17

laws of war
47

League of Nations
35

liberal democracies
31
–
2

liberty, threats to
114
–
17

Libya

humanitarian intervention in
45
–
6

private security companies
58

malaria
67

Malthus, Thomas
80

Mandela, Nelson
107

massacres in war
48
–
54

Mexico

border with United States
92

emigration
95
–
6

MI5 intelligence service
113
–
14

Middle East, water scarcity
86
–
7

migration
92
–
10
3

Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011
96

military conflict
13
,
14
–
15

military force in peace operations
39
–
40

military personnel, vulnerability from HIV/AIDS
68

military power
9
–
10

military privatization
58
–
61

military security
11

military technologies
55
–
7

Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)
66
,
73

moral imperative
42
–
6

Most, Johannes
108
,
112

Mueller, Robert
117

multiculturalism
51
,
98
–
10
0

Mutually Assured Destruction (MAD)
25

national core values
100

NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization)
23
,
41

campaign in Yugoslavia
56
–
7

intervention in Libya
45
–
6

peace operations in Kosovo
42
,
44
–
5

neorealist approaches
13
–
15
,
19
,
22

New Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (2010)
29

New Wars
53
–
4
,
59

NHS (National Health Service, UK)
96

Nigeria, oil reserves
84
–
5

non-nuclear weapons states (NNWSs)
27
,
29

non-proliferation regimes
18
–
19
,
27
–
30

Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT)
18
–
19
,
27
–
9

nuclear weapons
9
,
18
–
22
,
27
–
30

stabilizing effect
25

Nuclear Weapons Free Zones (NWFZs)
27

nuclear weapons states (NWSs)
27
–
30

Obama, President Barack
18
,
95

oil consumption
82
–
3

oil reserves, Nigeria
84
–
5

OPEC (Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries)
83

Ottawa Treaty (1997)
63
–
4

Overseas Development Aid (ODA)
71
–
2

P5 (permanent members of UNSC)
35
,
36
–
7

Pakistan, border with Afghanistan
91

Palestinian refugees
97

Palme Commission
9

peace enforcement
37
,
38
–
42

peace operations
36
–
42

peacebuilding
37
,
40
–
1

peacekeeping
37
–
8

peacemaking
37

Pearl Harbour attack
109

people trafficking
93

People, States and Fear
(Buzan)
9
–
10
,
11

Pew Hispanic Center
92

political instability
67
–
8

political security
11
,
16

population growth
79
–
80

poverty
65
,
67
–
8

eradicating
66

linked to development
72
–
6

linked to terrorism
71
–
2
,
113

threat to the developed world
69
–
71

Powell, Colin
72

power balance
23
–
5

prioritization of security
5
–
6
,
8

private security companies (PSCs)
58
–
61

privatization agenda
75

propaganda
109
–
10

property rights in developed countries
75

Putin, President Vladimir
111

Qatar, migrants
92

R2P (
Responsibility to Protect
) report (2001)
44
–
6

radicalization
113
–
14
,
115

Reagan, President Ronald
91

realist approaches
13
–
15
,
19
,
21
,
22
–
5

Redefining Security: The Human Dimension
report
12

refugees
93
,
97
,
101

regime change
46

enforced
32

regional actors in peace enforcement
41
–
2

Resolution 1973
45

resource abundance
84
–
5

resource scarcity
79
–
84
,
86
–
7

resource wars
80
–
1
,
83
,
85

revolution in military affairs (RMA)
55
,
57
,
61

Rio Earth Summit (1992)
88
,
90

Rio +
20
Earth Summit (2012)
88
–
9
,
90

risk transfer
56

rogue states
110

Russia
83
(
see also
Soviet Union) response to
9
/
11
attacks
111

Rwanda, atrocities
48
,
50
,
53

Sadat, Anwar (Egyptian president)
87

SARS (Severe Respiratory Syndrome)
69

Schengen Agreement
101
–
2

security communities
30
–
2

security dilemma
20
–
6
,
30

security regimes
26
–
30

segregation in immigrant communities
98
–
10
0

September
11
attacks
104
–
6
,
108
–
11
,
115

Serbia, NATO campaign in
57

Sharon, Ariel
87

societal security
11

South Africa

emigration
98

privatization of military personnel
59

sovereignty, state
42
–
6

Soviet Union (
see also
Russia)

nuclear reduction treaties
29
–
30

role in UNSC
35
–
6

state border controls
91
–
2
,
100
–
3

state cooperation
14

state security
7
,
9
–
12

state sovereignty
36
,
42
–
6

State of the Union Address
(George W. Bush, 2002)
111

Strategic Defence and Security Review, UK (2010)
71

structural violence
10
–
12

subsidies for farmers
75
–
6

supply routes
82
–
3

swine flu
69

Syria

uprising
50
–
1

water supplies
87

Tajikistan, migration
96

technology, military
55
–
7

terrorism
71
–
2
,
104
–
6
,
108
–
11

definition
106
–
8

responses
111
–
14
,
115
–
17

theoretical approaches
12
–
17

threats, identification
7
–
8

Townshend, Charles
112

Trade Related Aspects of

Intellectual Property (TRIPS)
75

traditional approaches to security
13
–
15

treaties, nuclear reduction
26
–
30

Trident nuclear deterrent
19

United Kingdom

immigration
94
,
96

response to terrorism
115
,
116

United Nations (UN)
33
–
6

Children’s Fund (UNICEF)
93

Department of Economic and Social Affairs
92

Development Programme (UNDP)
12
,
62
,
65
,
74
,
90

Emergency Force (UNEF)
37

Food and Agriculture Organization
80

General Assembly
35

High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)
93

humanitarian intervention
42
–
6

Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)
66