India: A History. Revised and Updated (119 page)

Bharatpur, Rajasthan,
416

Bharhut Stupa,
68
,
102

Bhasa, Sanskrit playwright,
103

Bhashani Maulana, Bangladeshi politician,
555

Bhaskara-varman, 7th c ruler of Assam,
163

Bhatia, Panjab,
207

Bhatvadi, battle of (1624),
331

Bhilsa, Madhya Pradesh,
254

Bhima, hero,
39
,
42

Bhimpal, Pratihara rajput,
208

Bhindranwale, Sant Jarnail Singh, Sikh activist,
578
–9

Bhoj of Dhar, 11th c ‘philosopher king’
226
–30

Bhoja of Kanauj, 9th c Pratihara king,
199
,
202

Bhonsles of Nagpur, Maratha family,
368
,
387
–8,
402
,
410

Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh,
426
,
583
–5

Bhutan,
244

Bhutto, Benazir, Pakistan prime minister,
569
,
592
,
594
,
595
,
596
,
600

Bhutto, Shahnawaz,
512

Bhutto, Zulfiqar Ali, prime minister of Pakistan,
544
,
546
–8,
549
,
553
–60,
562
–3,
565
–9,
593

Bhuvaneshwar, Orissa,
213
,
220

Bidar, Karnataka,
283
,
284
,
302

Bihar,
40
,
41
,
43
,
49
,
61
–70,
134
,
193
,
239
,
243
–4,
263
,
296
,
391
–2,
449
,
465
,
471
,
550
,
587

Bihari refugees,
508
–9,
558

Bijapur, Karnataka,
216
,
302
–3,
307
,
331
,
332
,
337
–9,
351
,
355

Bimbisara, king of Magada,
65
,
66
,
67
–8

Bin Laden, Usama,
595

Bindusara, Maurya emperor,
80
,
89
,
90
,
91

Birla family, industrialists,
531

‘Black Hole of Calcutta’,
389
–90

Boigne, Count Benoît de, general,
408

Bombay (Mumbai),
126
,
348
,
370
–1,
372
,
381
,
393
,
405
,
456
,
461
,
586
,
594
,
599

Borobudur, Java,
177
–8

Bose, Rashbehari, nationalist revolutionary,
468

Bose, Subash Chandra, Congress radical & ‘Azad Hind’ leader,
493
,
494
–5,
504
,
518

Brahma, deity,
33

Brahmadeya
, land or revenue grant made to brahmans,
159
,
219

Brahmanabad, Sind,
185
,
186

Brahmanas
, Sanskrit texts dealing with sacrificial ritual,
2
,
26
,
30
,
40
,
43

Brahamans, members of the priestly/scholarly caste,
28
,
31
,
32
,
38
,
47
,
52
–4,
86
,
97
,
99
,
105
,
120
,
124
,
146
–7,
148
–9,
152
,
159
–60,
166
,
219
,
344
,
364
,
454

Brahmaputra River,
341

Brahmo Samaj
, Hindu reformist movement,
457

Braudel, F., historian
xxiv

Brhadratha, last Maurya emperor,
104

Briggs, John, scholar,
231
–2,
236

British perceptions of India,
xxviii
,
22
,
426
–32

Broach, Gujarat,
90
,
126
,
130
,
187

Buchan, John, writer,
471

Buddh Gaya, Bihar,
65
,
146
,
169

Buddha (Siddhartha Gautama),
39
,
47
,
62
–7,
102
,
117
,
125
,
145
,
150
–1,
194

Buddhism,
47
,
62
–70,
87
,
89
,
97
,
99
,
105
,
120
,
124
,
146
–7,
148
–9,
152
,
158
,
166
,
182
,
193
–4,
223
,
534

Budha-Gupta, 5th c Gupta king,
144

Bukka, 14th c founder of Vijayanagar kingdom,
281
,
282

Bulandshahr, Uttar Pradesh,
239

Burdwan, Bengal,
450

Burhanpur, Maharashtra,
332
,
348

Burma,
123
,
194
,
416
,
451

Burt, Captain, antiquarian,
214

Bussy, Charles de, French commander,
357
–81,
393

Cakravartin
, Buddhist ideal of universal emperor or cosmic ‘wheel-turner’,
70
,
139
,
140
,
159
,
170

Calanus, renunciate,
76
–7

Calcutta (Kolkota),
370
,
371
,
372
,
374
,
381
,
388
–9,
392
–3,
482
,
505
,
508
–9,
517

Calicut, Kerala,
277
,
306
,
481

Cambay, Gujarat,
257
,
298
,
348

Cambodia,
176
–7

Candala
, Harijan community,
54
,
145

Cannanore, Kerala,
481

Cape Comorin (Kanya Kumari), Kerala,
122

Carnatic Wars,
377
–81

Caste,
28
,
34
,
52
–5,
120
,
145
,
189
,
279
,
419
,
432
,
586
–7

Catherine of Braganza,
371

Central Treaty Organisation (CENTO),
533

Ceraman Perumal, Tamil saint,
219

Chach, 7th c ruler of Sind,
182
–3

Chahamanas, rajput lineage,
206
,
233
–8

Chaitanya, Bengali religious leader,
287
–8

Chalukyas, 7–8th c Deccan dynasty,
168
–70,
172
–6,
181
,
190
–1,
305

Chalukyas, Later Western, 11–12th c Deccan dynasty,
216
,
220
,
223
,
227
,
251
,
see also
Eastern Chalukyas

Chambal River,
xxv
,
192

Champa, Bengal,
65

Cham-pa, Indian kingdom in Vietnam,
124
,
177

Champaner, Gujarat,
286
,
298

Chand, rajput bard,
233
,
234

Chanda Sahib, 18th c claimant to Arcot,
379

Chandelas, rajput rulers of Bundelkhand,
199
,
206
,
209
,
213
–4,
227
,
234

Chanderi, Uttar Pradesh,
296

Chandernagore, Bengal,
377
,
381
,
390

Chandigarh, Panjab/Haryana,
577
–8

Chandra-Gupta I, Gupta emperor,
134
–6

Chandra-Gupta II, Gupta emperor,
134
,
141
–3,
145

Chandragupta, Maurya emperor,
69
,
79
–80,
81
,
82
–6,
130
,
134

Charles II of England/Scotland,
348

Charsadda, Panjab,
51

Chashtana, 2nd c Shaka satrap,
131

Chatterjee, Bankim Chandra, writer,
457
,
467

Chaul, Maharashtra,
277

Chausa, battle of (1529),
299

Chauth
, Maratha claim to 25% of revenue,
357
,
366

Chedi, district & dynasty in central India,
50
,
227

Chelmsford, Lord, British Viceroy,
473

Chenab River,
72
,
73

Chennai,
xxviii
,
see
Madras

Cheras, people & dynasty of Kerala,
170
,
173
,
181
,
199
,
215
,
218
,
220

Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu,
223
–5,
258

Chilas, Jammu & Kashmir,
115

Child, John, East India Company merchant,
371
–2

Child, Sir Josiah, East India Company governor,
371
–2

Chillianwala, battle of (1849)
424

China,
104
,
110
,
113
–7,
123
,
134
,
146
,
161
,
167
,
176
,
177
,
221
,
223
,
421
,
533
–6,
558
,
563

Chishti, Shaikh Salim, Sufi saint,
315

Chishti, Shaikh Muin-ud-Din, Sufi saint,
235
,
315

Chitor, Rajasthan,
256
,
279
,
287
,
300
,
313
–5

Chittagong, Bangladesh,
557

Chola dynasty of Tanjore,
xix
,
xxviii
,
119
,
121
,
170
,
201
,
214
–23,
225
,
252

Christians, Indian,
122
,
429
,
432
, Missions,
428
–9,
438
,
445

Chunar, Uttar Pradesh,
298
,
299
,
392

Churchill, Winston, British Prime Minister,
488
,
489
,
493

Clive, Robert, Colonel & Governor of Bengal,
375
,
379
–82,
383
,
386
,
393
,
486

Cochin, Kerala,
306
,
348

Coinage and currency,
52
,
61
,
101
,
105
,
106
–7,
111
,
131
,
135
,
139
,
144
,
269
,
275
,
301
,
317
,
333
,
342
,
361
,
373
,
433
,
538

Colbert, Jean-Baptiste, French finance minister,
322
,
377

Commonwealth, British,
524
,
538

Communist Party (CPI & CPM),
481
,
518
,
530
–1,
550
–1,
552
,
557
,
575

Compagnie des Indes
,
350
,
373
,
376
,
377
,
393
–4

Congress Party,
453
,
454
,
455
,
456
–61,
464
,
465
,
466
–7,
470
,
477
,
480
–3,
491
,
493
–5,
500
–2,
513
–4,
520
,
527
,
529
,
549
–52,
575
–6,
604