In Xanadu (57 page)

Jihad
              
Islamic holy war.

Kausia
          
Macedonian helmet, as used by the soldiers of
Alexander the Great.

Kebabji
           
Kebab shop or restaurant.

Keffiyeh
         
Arab headscarf. Particularly associated with

Palestinians.

Khan
              
Merchants' lodging house. Same as a

caravanserai, han
or
rabat.
Kibitka
           
Nomad's tent.

Kibbutznik
    
Someone who works on a Kibbutz settlement

in Israel.
Kilim
              
Turkish rug.

Kufic
              
Arabic calligraphy used for monumental

purposes.

Kumbet
         
Turkish tomb tower. Same as a
gunbad.

Kuna
              
Long-tailed man's shirt. Top half of a
charwal

chemise.

Lathi
              
Wooden truncheon.

Magi
              
Zoroastrian class of priests.

Mali
                
Indian or Pakistani gardener.

Medresse
       
Islamic college.

Mescat
           
Small kiosk-mosque usually raised on legs.

Common in Seljuk caravanserai.

Mihrab
           
Prayer niche indicating direction of Mecca.

Muezzin
        
Prayer leader. In old days used to wail from

minarets five times a day. An endangered species since the advent of the cassette recorder.

Muhajir
          
Indian Muslim refugee in Pakistan since 1948.

Mujahedin
     
Muslim freedom fighter, especially in

Afghanistan.
Mullah
           
Muslim priest or holy man.

Muqarna
       
Stalactite-style decoration over mosque or

medresse
doorway.

Nargile
           
Water-pipe. Same as a
hookhah
or hubble

bubble.

Pasutgium
    
The 'months of the passage' or trading season

during the time of the Crusader Kingdom.

Patau
             
An all-purpose Afghan blanket.

Queue
           
Chinese pigtail.

Rabat
             
Merchants' lodging house. Same as a

caravanserai, han
or
khan.

Sadhu
            
Hindu holy man.

Shin
               
Gujar animist ceremony.

Shuravi
         
The Soviets (in Dari).

Tact
iii
          
Imperial Chinese district governor.

Terzi
             
Tailor.

Theme
           
Byzantine province.

Tonga
           
Horse trap.

Tsepale
         
Tibetan delicacy of dough and fried yak's
meat.

Yuri
               
Mongol tent.

Yuruk
           
Turcoman nomad.

'/aid/ a
          
Women's pan of the house; the harem.

Bibliography of Principal Sources

Chapter One, pp. 1 -26

Meron Benvenisti,
The Crusaders in the Holy Land
(Jerusalem, 1970)

T. S. R. Boase.
Kingdoms and Strongholds of the Crusaders
(New

York, Bobbs Merrill, 1971) K. A. C. Creswell,
Early Muslim Architecture
(2 vols., Oxford,

Oxford University Press, 1932 and 1940) Richard Ettinghausen and Oleg Grabar,
The Art and Architecture of Islam
650-/250 (London, Pelican, 1987) Ibn Jubayr. (trans, and ed. William Wright)
The Travels of Ibn

Jubayr
(London, Luzac & Co., 1907) George Michell,
Architecture of the Islamic World: its History and

Social Meaning
(London, Thames & Hudson, 1978) Paul Pelliot,
Notes on Marco Polo
(3 vols., Paris, 1959-73) Joshua Prawer,
Crusader Institutions
(collected papers) Essay on The Italian Communes (Oxford, Oxford University Press,

1980)

Joshua Prawer,
The Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem
(London, Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1972) Joshua Prawer,
The World of the Crusaders
(London, Weidenfeld &