In Her Own Right : The Life of Elizabeth Cady Stanton (52 page)

44
. ECS to LS, 24 Nov. 1856, TS-DL.

45
. ECS to SBA, 1 March [1853], ECS-LC.

46
. LS to ECS, 16 April 1860,
Letters
, 77.

47
.
Letters
, 78.

48
.
HWS
, 1:716–22.

49
.
80Y
, 245; ECS to SBA, 20 July 1857,
Letters
, 69–70.

50
.
HWS
, 1:716–22.

51
. Ibid., 725.

52
.
80Y
, 225; ECS to SBA, 14 June 1860, and 1 March 1853,
Letters
, 82–83, 48–49.

53
.
80Y
, 213–14, 225–26; AL,
Anthony
, 29–41;
HWS
, 1:469.

54
. Rice, “Henry Stanton,” 368–70.

55
. AL,
Anthony
, 86; Rice, “Henry Stanton,” 371.

56
. ECS to “Dear Boys,” 27 Nov. 1860, ECS-LC; SBA to ECS, 26 Nov. 1860,
Letters
, 86.

57
.
80Y
, 210.

58
. HBS to ECS, 12 Jan. 1861, ECS-LC; “Address of Elizabeth Cady Stanton on the Divorce Bill before the Judiciary Committee of the New York Senate in the Assembly Chamber” (3 Feb. 1861), and
Seneca County Courier
, n.d., ECS-LC, describe the event.

59
. AL,
Anthony
, 88.

60
. ECS to SBA, [early 1861], “Early Letters,” 1190.

61
. HBS to ECS, [April 1861], ECS-LC, also HBS,
Recollections
, 3d ed., 71; HBS to ECS, 18 April 1860, ECS-LC.

62
. HBS outlined his efforts to get an appointment in letters throughout 1861 to Thomas B. Carroll, HBS-NYHS. See also Rice, “Henry Stanton,” 377–83.

1
. ECS to William H. Seward, 19 Sept. 1861,
Letters
, 88.

2
. ECS to ESM, 11 Sept. 1861, ibid., 90.

3
. ECS to Seward, 19 Sept. 1861, ibid., 88; ECS, “At Parting,” 7 June 1861, poem quoted in Cowing, “Pioneer Suffragist,” 16.

4
. ECS to Gerrit and Ann Smith, 20 July [1863],
Letters
, 44.

5
. SBA to Lydia Mott, [April 1862], AL,
Anthony
, 95; SBA to MW, 23 May 1861, and MW to SBA, 31 May 1861, WLG-SSC.

6
. ECS to MW, 20 Aug. 1862, TS-DL; SBA to Lydia Mott, n.d., AL,
Anthony
, 95.

7
. ECS to SBA, n.d., ECS-LC;
80Y
, 254.

8
. ECS to MW, 10 Aug. 1862, TS-DL.

9
.
80Y
, 62–64.

10
.
HWS
, 1:681.

11
. Harper,
Anthony
, 1:226;
HWS
, 2:50–78.

12
.
80Y
, 236–39.

13
.
Proceedings of the Meeting of the Loyal Women of the Republic, 14 May 1863
(New York: Phair, 1863), ECS-LC; ECS to Fanny and Frank Garrison, 25 May 1865, WLG MSS, BPL.

14
.
New York Herald
, Mary Elizabeth Massey,
Bonnet Brigades: American Women and the Civil War
(New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1966), 164–65;
80Y
, 240.

15
. ECS to GS, 6 May 1863, GSM-SU.

16
. Hiram Barney to Salmon P. Chase, 17 April 1862, Rice, “Henry Stanton,” 425–27.

17
.
New York Times
, 31 Oct. 1863, p. 5, and 1 Nov. 1863, p. 3; HBS to Thomas B. Carroll, Nov. 1863, HBS-NYHS;
New York Tribune
, 3 Nov. 1863, p. 1.

18
. HBS to Carroll, Nov. 1863, HBS-NYHS.

19
. The investigation lasted from 11 Jan. to 20 April 1864. Rice, “Henry Stanton,” 425. The Stantons’ sources had led them to expect that it would not be so damaging, so they were stunned. ECS to GS, 3 July 1864, GSM-SU.

20
. HBS to GS, 27 July 1864, GSM-SU.

21
. HBS to Daniel Stanton, 7 Feb. 1861, ECS-LC; ECS to GS, 2 June [1861], GSM-SU; R. B. Stanton, “Reminiscences,” 9, 94–96. Henry’s nephew claimed that
HBS secured his son’s Louisiana appointment by promising Gov. Henry Clay Warmouth that the
New York Sun
would stop attacking his administration.

22
. Rice, “Henry Stanton,” 469.

23
. SBA to ECS, [Feb. 1865?],
CE
, 131; SBA to ECS, 14 Feb. 1865, ECS-LC.

24
. ECS to SBA, [Aug. 1865], Harper,
Anthony
, 1:244, also
CE
, 133.

25
. SBA to ECS, 19 April 1865, ECS-LC; ECS diary, 12 Feb. 1901,
Letters
, 355: “I see now the wisdom of this course, leading public opinion slowly but surely up to the final blow for freedom. . . . My conscience pricks me now when I recall how I worked and prayed in 1864 for [his] defeat.”

1
. WLG to Theodore Tilton, 5 April 1870, WLG-BPL.

2
. ECS to HBS, 9 Oct. 1867, ECS-LC.

3
. ECS to GS, 29 Jan. [1869], GSM-SU. The Stantons sold the house at 464 West 34th Street, which they had purchased in 1865.

4
.
CY
, 3.

5
. ECS’s remarks made on SBA’s birthday, 15 Feb. 1870, Harper,
Anthony
, 2:972.

6
.
80Y
, 254; see also Harper,
Anthony
, 1:293.

7
. Banner,
Stanton
, believes that Stanton had an inherent distaste for private controversy. There is ample evidence to support the opposite view. Stanton was not only capable of confrontation politics, whether in private or in public, but also thrived on making trouble. She considered herself diplomatic but often acted belligerently.

8
. ECS to SBA, [1870?],
Letters
, 124–25.

9
. Patrick W. Riddleberger,
1866: The Critical Year Revisited
(Carbondale: Southern Illinois Univ. Press, 1979); James M. McPherson, “Abolitionists, Woman Suffrage, and the Negro, 1865–1869,”
Mid-America
47 (Jan. 1965):40–46.

10
.
HWS
, 2:91.

11
. Wendell Phillips to ECS, 10 May 1865, ECS to Phillips, 25 May 1865, and ECS to SBA, 11 Aug. 1865,
Letters
, 104–6.

12
.
80Y
, 242.

13
. ECS to MW, 6 Jan. 1866,
Letters
, 111–12.

14
. AL,
Anthony
, 115.

15
.
HWS
, 2:181; Bacon,
Valiant Friend
, 201.

16
.
HWS
, 2:152. Harriot Stanton Blatch remembered that during the 1866 meeting Sojourner Truth stayed at the Stantons’ house. As a little girl of ten, she read the morning papers to the former slave, who could not read. Said Sojourner Truth: “I can’t read little things like letters. I read big things like men.”
CY
, 17.

17
.
HWS
, 2:152–53.

18
. Ibid., 180–81.

19
. ECS to ESM, 22 Oct. 1866,
Letters
, 115; Tilton, “Stanton,” 354.

20
.
HWS
, 2:103; Flexner,
Century of Struggle
, 148–49.

21
. ECS, Speech to Judiciary Committee, Jan. 1867, ECS-LC;
HWS
, 2:271.

22
. ECS to ESM, 24 June 1867, AL-VC.

23
.
HWS
, 2:284–87; ECS to MW, 27 June 1867,
Letters
, 116.

24
.
HWS
, 2:285. Greeley’s committee also ruled against lowering the voting age to eighteen as “a total overthrow of parental authority.”

25
. ECS to Emily Howland, 1 Sept. 1867,
Letters
, 116–17;
HWS
, 2:269. Stanton’s early friendship with Greeley had begun to cool after she teased him in public
in 1860 on the divorce question. Since he had not rebuked her then, perhaps she thought she would get away with her public poke at him in 1867.

26
.
CE
, 143.

27
.
80Y
, 246–47; ECS to ESM, 14 Dec. 1867,
Letters
, 118–19.

28
. ECS to “Sisters 1, 2, 3” (Tryphena Bayard, Harriet Eaton, Catherine Wilkeson), 21 April 1872,
Letters
, 138–39.

29
. Flexner,
Century of Struggle
, 147, 173, 174–75.

30
. Charles Robinson to ECS, 20 Nov. 1867, ECS-LC.

31
. ECS to ESM, 28 Dec. 1867,
Letters
, 118, also
CE
, 154.

32
. Hays,
Morning Star
, 197; McPherson, “Abolitionists,” 43; WLG to SBA, 4 Jan. 1868,
Revolution
, 29 Jan. 1868.

33
. ECS to MW, 18 Jan. 1868,
Letters
, 119–20;
Revolution
, 29 Jan. 1868.

34
. ECS to SBA, 28 Dec. 1869,
Letters
, 123–24. Note the references to thrones and queens.

35
.
CE
, 164.

36
. Ibid., 159.

37
. AL,
Anthony
, 142–43.

38
. WLG to Theodore Tilton, 5 April 1870, WLG-BPL; ECS to Thomas Wentworth Higginson, 13 Jan. 1868, TS-DL;
HWS
, 2:317; ECS to GS, [1868?],
CE
, 167; ECS to MW, 2 March 1868, WLG-SSC.

39
. According to Julia Ward Howe, who “sparred with Mrs. Stanton” on the subject, ECS “excused infanticide, on the ground that women did not want to bring moral monsters into the world, and said that these acts were regulated by natural laws.” Journal, 16 Oct. 1873, Howe MSS, HH, courtesy of Mary Grant.

40
. Exchange of letters between ECS and Train in
CE
, 164.

41
.
80Y
, 182.

42
.
HWS
, 2:310–11.

43
. AL,
Anthony
, 147;
Revolution
, 6 Aug. 1868.

44
. LM to MW, 15 Nov. 1868, WLG-SSC.

45
. Bacon,
Valiant Friend
, 201; ECS to Stephen Foster, 4 Nov. 1868, TS-DL.

46
. Description of and quotations from convention that follow from
HWS
, 2:345–55.

47
. Ibid., 360–62.

48
. Flexner,
Century of Struggle
, 149.

49
.
HWS
, 2:367.

50
. Ibid., 381.

51
.
Letters
, 59.

52
. AL,
Anthony
, 149–50.

53
. Ibid., 151.

54
. DuBois,
Feminism and Suffrage
, develops the theme of socialism in ECS’s ideology.

55
.
HWS
, 2:406; Flexner,
Century of Struggle
, 152–54.

56
. Bacon,
Valiant Friend
, 203; WLG to the American Woman Suffrage Association, Nov. 1869,
CE
, 183.

57
. Bacon,
Valiant Friend
, 205; Blackwell,
Stone
, 219–20. Odd as Anthony’s behavior appears, she was very angry and hurt by the repeated attacks, especially those impugning her honesty.

58
. ECS to Higginson, [1868?],
CE
, 171.

59
.
Woman’s Journal
, 9 April 1870, contains a four-part explanation of the schism. The subject was not raised again until 1899, when Henry Blackwell gave
his version of the facts to contradict those given in Harper’s biography of SBA. By that time most of the participants wanted to forget the acrimony. Mary Livermore to Harriot S. Blatch, 10 April 1905, ECS-LC.

60
.
Revolution
, [28 Dec. 1869?],
CE
, 179–81.

61
. Robert S. Riegel, “The Split of the Feminist Movement in 1869,”
Mississippi Valley Historical Review
49 (Dec. 1962):485–96;
Revolution
, 14 Jan. and 24 Nov. 1869;
Woman’s Journal
, 3 Dec. 1870.

62
. The geographic bias of Stanton and Stone and its implications are suggested by Suzanne Desan, “The 1869 Split in the Woman’s Movement” (typescript, Princeton Univ., 1978).

63
. ECS to SBA, [Dec. 1869?], Harper,
Anthony
, 1:198.

64
.
HWS
, 2:427.

65
. Ibid., 264.

66
. Ibid., 320–22.

67
.
Revolution
, 22 Jan. 1868.

1
. ECS to SBA, 30 May 1870, TS-DL.

2
. Ibid.; ECS to MW, 27 Dec. 1879, ECS-LC; SBA diary, 27 Jan. 1874, SBA MSS, LC.

3
. ECS to Sarah Pugh, 25 Aug. 1870,
Letters
, 129; ECS to MW, [1870?], WLG-SSC.

4
. ECS to Josephine Griffing, 1 Dec. 1870, ECS-LC.

5
. For Hooker see
NAW
article by Alice Felt Tyler.

6
. ECS to SBA, 30 May 1879, TS-DL; see also ECS to Paulina W. Davis, 9 July 1870, AL-VC.

7
. ECS to MW, 27 and 30 Dec. 1870, WLG-SSC.

8
. ECS to [MW?], 29 Oct. 1870, and Isabella Beecher Hooker to Caroline Severance, [Oct. 1870],
CE
, 182–83.

9
. SBA to ECS, [Jan. 1871?], and ECS to MW, [Jan. 1871], ibid., 207–8.

10
.
HWS
, 2:441–43.

11
. Ibid., 443–61; ECS, “Women’s Suffrage Organizations,”
Golden Age
, Dec. 1871, SBA-LC.

12
. ECS to SBA, 31 Jan. 1871, TS-DL.

13
. For Woodhull see
NAW
article by Geoffrey Blodgett. Most treatments of Woodhull are more scandalmongering than scholarly. Satisfactory are Johanna Johnston,
Mrs. Satan: The Incredible Saga of Victoria C. Woodhull
(New York: G. P. Putnam, 1967), and Emanie Sachs,
“The Terrible Siren,” Victoria Woodhull
(1928; reprint, New York: Arno Press, 1972).