IBM and the Holocaust (90 page)

IV: THE IBM-NAZI ALLIANCE

1. Affidavit, W. Heidinger to H.B. Fellinger, June 18, 1943, IBM Files.
   
2. Affidavit, W. Heidinger to H.B. Fellinger, June 18, 1943, pp. 5, 9, IBM Files.
   
3. Affidavit, W. Heidinger to H.B. Fellinger, June 18, 1943, p. 7, IBM Files.
   
4. James Connally,
   History of Computing in Europe
   (IBM World Trade Corporation, circa 1967), pp. 24, 29.
   
5. Letter, J.F. Gormley to F.C. Elstob, January 22, 1934, IBM Files; Letter, M.G. Connally to W.F. Battin, April 14, 1934, p. 2, IBM Files; Letter, J.F. Gormley to W.F. Battin, April 3, 1934, p. 1, IBM Files.
   
6. Connally, p. 18.
   
7. Letter, W.D. Jones to O.E. Braitmayer, July 5, 1934, IBM Files.
   
8. Letter, W. Heidinger to Political and Economics Division NSDAP, December 18, 1933, IBM Files.
   
9. Letter, W. Heidinger to Political and Economics Division NSDAP, Question 2, December 18, 1933, IBM Files.
   
10. Letter, W. Heidinger to Political and Economics Division NSDAP, Question 5, December 18, 1933, IBM Files.
    
11. Letter, W. Heidinger to Political and Economics Division NSDAP, Question 6, December 18, 1933, IBM Files.
    
12. Letter, W. Heidinger to Political and Economics Division NSDAP, December 18, 1933, IBM Files; also see German version, IBM Files.
    
13. Memorandum, Foreign Division to W.M. Wilson, January 7, 1934, IBM Files; Letter, M.G. Connally to F.C. Elstob, October 31, 1934, IBM Files.
    
14. Dehomag By-laws, June 23, 1934, pp. 11-13, IBM Files.
    
15. Dehomag By-laws, June 23, 1934, pp. 11, 12, IBM Files.
    
16. "Aus der Geschichte der Hollerith Maschinen Gesellschaft,"
    Hollerith Nachrichten (HN)
    55 (November 1935): 9; Dehomag Board Meeting Minutes, November 14, 1934, IBM Files.
    
17. Letter, K. Hummel to Thomas J. Watson, April 26, 1934, p. 2, IBM Files; Radiogram, Thomas J. Watson to H. Rottke, December 14 and December 15, 1933, IBM Files.
    
18. Radiograms, Thomas J. Watson to H. Rottke, December 14 and December 15, 1933, IBM Files; Cablegram, H. Rottke to Thomas J. Watson, December 18, 1933, IBM Files; Letter, W. Heidinger to Thomas J. Watson, December 20, 1933, IBM Files.
    
19. Letter, W. Heidinger to Thomas J. Watson, December 20, 1933, IBM Files.
    
20. Letter, W. Heidinger to Thomas J. Watson, December 20, 1933, IBM Files.
    
21. Cablegram, Thomas J. Watson to H. Rottke, December 20, 1933, IBM Files.
    
22. Letter, Thomas J. Watson to W. Heidinger, January 10, 1934, IBM Files.
    
23. Letter, W. Heidinger to Thomas J. Watson, January 23, 1934, IBM Files.
    
24. Letter, W. Heidinger to Thomas J. Watson, January 23, 1934; Radiogram, Thomas J. Watson to H. Rottke, December 14, 1933, IBM Files.
    
25. See photo in
    Denkschrift zur Einweihung der neuen Arbeitsstatte der Deutschen Hollerith
    Maschinen Gesellschaft m.b.H. in Berlin-Lichterfelde,
    January 8, 1934, p. 13, USHMM Library; "Die erste Fabrikeinweihung im Jahre 1934,"
    Der Deutsche
    , January 9, 1934.
    
26. Denkschrift zur Einweihung der neuen Arbeitsstatte der Deutschen Hollerith Maschinen
    Gesellschaft m.b.H. in Berlin-Lichterfelde,
    January 8, 1934, pp. 31-33, USHMM Library; also see Letter, W.D. Jones to Thomas J. Watson, pp. 1-2, January 10, 1934, IBM Files.
    
27. Denkschrift zur Einweihung der neuen Arbeitsstatte der Deutschen Hollerith Maschinen
    Gesellschaft m.b.H. in Berlin-Lichterfelde,
    January 8, 1934, pp. 39-40, USHMM Library
    .
    
28. Denkschrift zur Einweihung der neuen Arbeitsstatte der Deutschen Hollerith Maschinen
    Gesellschaft m.b.H. in Berlin-Lichterfelde,
    January 8, 1934, pp. 39-40, USHMM Library.
    
29. "Die erste Fabrikeinweihung im Jahre 1934,"
    Der Deutsche
    , January 9, 1934; photo in
    Denkschrift zur Einweihung der neuen Arbeitsstatte der Deutschen Hollerith Maschinen
    Gesellschaft m.b.H. in Berlin-Lichterfelde,
    January 8, 1934, p. 14, USHMM Library; Letter, W. D. Jones to Thomas J. Watson, p. 2, January 10, 1934.
    
30. "Die erste Fabrikeinweihung im Jahre 1934,"
    Der Deutsche
    , January 9, 1934;
    Denkschrift
    zur Einweihung der neuen Arbeitsstatte der Deutschen Hollerith Maschinen Gesellschaft m.b.H.
    in Berlin-Lichterfelde,
    January 8, 1934, p. 14, USHMM Library.
    
31. "Die erste Fabrikeinweihung im Jahre 1934,"
    Der Deutsche
    , January 9, 1934;
    Denkschrift
    zur Einweihung der neuen Arbeitsstatte der Deutschen Hollerith Maschinen Gesellschaft m.b.H.
    in Berlin-Lichterfelde,
    January 8, 1934, pp. 14, 39-40, USHMM Library.
    
32. Denkschrift zur Einweihung der neuen Arbeitsstatte der Deutschen Hollerith Maschinen
    Gesellschaft m.b.H. in Berlin-Lichterfelde,
    January 8, 1934, pp. 13-14, USHMM Library; Letter, W.D. Jones to Thomas J. Watson, Jan 10, 1934, IBM Files.
    
33. Denkschrift zur Einweihung der neuen Arbeitsstatte der Deutschen Hollerith Maschinen
    Gesellschaft m.b.H. in Berlin-Lichterfelde,
    January 8, 1934, p. 13, USHMM Library.
    
34. Denkschrift zur Einweihung der neuen Arbeitsstatte der Deutschen Hollerith Maschinen
    Gesellschaft m.b.H. in Berlin-Lichterfelde,
    January 8, 1934, p. 17, USHMM Library; "Die erste Fabrikeinweihung im Jahre 1934,"
    Der Deutsche
    , January 9, 1934.
    
35. Letter, W.D. Jones to Thomas J. Watson, January 10, 1934, attachment 1, IBM Files.
    
36. Letter, W.D. Jones to Thomas J. Watson, January 10, 1934, IBM Files; Connally, p. 28.
    
37. Letter, W.D. Jones to Thomas J. Watson, January 10, 1934, IBM Files.
    
38. Letter, W.D. Jones to Thomas J. Watson, January 10, 1934, IBM Files.
    
39. Letter, W.D. Jones to Thomas J. Watson, January 10, 1934, IBM Files; also see photo in
    Denkschrift zur Einweihung der neuen Arbeitsstatte der Deutschen Hollerith Maschinen
    Gesellschaft m.b.H. in Berlin-Lichterfelde,
    January 8, 1934, p. 16, USHMM Library.
    
40. Letter, W.D. Jones to Thomas J. Watson, January 10, 1934, IBM Files.
    
41. Letter, W.D. Jones to Thomas J. Watson, January 10, 1934, IBM Files; also see Edwin Black,
    The Transfer Agreement: The Dramatic Story of the Pact Between the Third Reich & Jewish
    Palestine
    (New York: Macmillan, 1984; Washington, D.C.: Dialog Press, 1999), pp
    .
    368-369.
    
42. Letter, W.D. Jones to Thomas J. Watson, January 10, 1934, IBM Files.
    
43. Denkschrift zur Einweihung der neuen Arbeitsstatte der Deutschen Hollerith Maschinen
    Gesellschaft m.b.H. in Berlin-Lichterfelde,
    January 8, 1934, p. 27, USHMM Library.
    
44. Denkschrift zur Einweihung der neuen Arbeitsstatte der Deutschen Hollerith Maschinen
    Gesellschaft m.b.H. in Berlin-Lichterfelde,
    January 8, 1934, p. 17, USHMM Library.
    
45. "Die erste Fabrikeinweihung im Jahre 1934,"
    Der Deutsche
    , January 9, 1934.
    
46. Letter, W.D. Jones to Thomas J. Watson, January 10, 1934, IBM Files.
    
47. Letter, Thomas J. Watson to W. Heidinger, February 26, 1934, IBM Files; also see
    Denkschrift zur Einweihung der neuen Arbeitsstatte der Deutschen Hollerith Maschinen Gesellschaft
    m.b.H. in Berlin-Lichterfelde,
    January 8, 1934, USHMM Library.
    
48. "Die erste Fabrikeinweihung im Jahre 1934,"
    Der Deutsche
    , January 9, 1934.
    
49. Connally, pp. 20, 35.
    
50. Letter, W.D. Jones to Thomas J. Watson, January 10, 1934.
    
51. "Deutsche Hollerith Maschinen GmbH: Confidential Report 242," submitted by Harold J. Carter, December 8, 1943, Department of Justice, War Division, Economic Warfare Section, NA RG60.
    
52. "EAM Accounts and Revenue by Industry Class," January 1, 1937, pp. 1, 2, Department of Justice, War Division, Economic Warfare Section, NA RG60.
    
53. "EAM Accounts and Revenue by Industry Class," January 1, 1937, pp. 1, 2, Department of Justice, War Division, Economic Warfare Section, NA RG60; "Deutsche Hollerith Maschinen GmbH: Confidential Report 242," submitted by Harold J. Carter, December 8, 1943, Department of Justice, War Division, Economic Warfare Section, NA RG60.
    
54. "Deutsche Hollerith Maschinen GmbH: Confidential Report 242," submitted by Harold J. Carter, December 8, 1943, Department of Justice, War Division, Economic Warfare Section, NA RG60.
    
55. "Deutsche Hollerith Maschinen GmbH: Confidential Report 242," pp. 2-4, submitted by Harold J. Carter, December 8, 1943, Department of Justice, War Division, Economic Warfare Section, NA RG60.
    
56. CSDIC, "Secret Report: PW Intelligence Bulletin No. 2/57," April 25, 1945, pp. 4-17, NA RG226.
    
57. Gotz Aly and Karl Heinz Roth,
    Die restlose Erfassung: Volkszahlen, Identifizieren, Aussondern
    im Nationalsozialismus
    (Berlin: Rotbuch Verlag, 1984), p. 23; also see
    Handbuch fur das
    Deutsche Reich 1936,
    NA RG242, A3345-B Roll 172, Frames 7-253.
    
58. "Deutsche Hollerith Maschinen GmbH: Confidential Report 242," pp. 2-4, submitted by Harold J. Carter, December 8, 1943, Department of Justice, War Division, Economic Warfare Section, NA RG60; IBM Corporation,
    Kleine Chronik der IBM Deutschland
    , 1993.
    
59. "Deutsche Hollerith Maschinen GmbH: Confidential Report 242," pp. 2-4, submitted by Harold J. Carter, December 8, 1943, Department of Justice, War Division, Economic Warfare Section, NA RG60.
    
60. "Deutsche Hollerith Maschinen GmbH: Confidential Report 242," pp. 8, 15-18, submitted by Harold J. Carter, December 8, 1943, Department of Justice, War Division, Economic Warfare Section, NA RG60.
    
61. "Report to Associates of Dehomag," October 6, 1936, IBM Files.
    
62. "Die Glaubensjuden im Dritten Reich,"
    Statistik des Deutschen Reichs
    415/5 (1936): 8 cited in Aly and Roth, p. 57.
    
63. "Letter of Resignation of James G. McDonald to Secretary General of the League of Nations," December 27, 1935, FO 371/19918; "Reich Adopts Swastika As Nation's Official Flag; Hitler's Reply to 'Insult,' "
    NYT,
    September 16, 1935.
    
64. "Die Glaubensjuden im Dritten Reich,"
    Statistik des Deutschen Reichs
    415/5 (1936): 8 cited in Aly and Roth, p. 57.
    
65. "Letter of Resignation of James G. McDonald to Secretary General of the League of Nations," December 27, 1935, FO 371/19918; "Reich Adopts Swastika As Nation's Official Flag; Hitler's Reply to 'Insult,' "
    NYT,
    September 16, 1935; "Die Glaubens juden im Dritten Reich,"
    Statistik des Deutschen Reichs
    415/5 (1936) cited in Aly and Roth, pp. 56, 57.
    
66. Handbuch fur das Deutsche Reich 1936,
    NA RG242, A3345-B Roll 172, Frames 7-253. Also see "
    Anleitung zur Ausfuellung der standesamtlichen Zaehlkarten ueber Eheschliessungen, Geburten und Sterbefaelle,
    November 1938," BA Berlin, NS 48/6, pp. 1-4, Appendix; "
    Vom
    Statistischen Landesamt an die bayerischen Standesaemter,
    1934," BA Berlin, NS 48/6, no page numbers; "
    Handbuch fuer das Deutsche Reich,
    1936," NA College Park, RG 242, A3345-B-172, frames 7-253; "
    Vorschlag zur Erfassung des im RuS-Hauptamt ruhenden erbwissen - schaftlichen und bevoelkerungspolitischen Materials,
    November 11, 1941," BA Berlin, NS 48/6.
    
67. Handbuch fur das Deutsche Reich 1936,
    NA RG242, A3345-B Roll 172, Frames 7-253. Also see "
    Anleitung zur Ausfuellung der standesamtlichen Zaehlkarten ueber Eheschliessungen, Geburten und Sterbefaelle,
    November 1938," BA Berlin, NS 48/6, pp. 1-4, Appendix; "
    Vom
    Statistischen Landesamt an die bayerischen Standesaemter,
    1934," BA Berlin, NS 48/6, no page numbers; "
    Handbuch fuer das Deutsche Reich,
    1936," NA College Park, RG 242, A3345-B-172, frames 7-253; "
    Vorschlag zur Erfassung des im RuS-Hauptamt ruhenden erbwissen - schaftlichen und bevoelkerungspolitischen Materials,
    November 11, 1941," BA Berlin, NS 48/6.
    
68. Handbuch fur das Deutsche Reich 1936,
    NA RG242, A3345-B Roll 172, Frames 7-253. Also see "
    Anleitung zur Ausfuellung der standesamtlichen Zaehlkarten ueber Eheschliessungen, Geburten und Sterbefaelle,
    November 1938," BA Berlin, NS 48/6, pp. 1-4, Appendix; "
    Vom
    Statistischen Landesamt an die bayerischen Standesaemter,
    1934," BA Berlin, NS 48/6, no page numbers; "
    Handbuch fuer das Deutsche Reich,
    1936," NA College Park, RG 242, A3345-B-172, frames 7-253; "
    Vorschlag zur Erfassung des im RuS-Hauptamt ruhenden erbwissen - schaftlichen und bevoelkerungspolitischen Materials,
    November 11, 1941," BA Berlin, NS 48/6.
    
69. Handbuch fur das Deutsche Reich 1936,
    NA RG242, A3345-B Roll 172, Frames 7-253. Also see "
    Anleitung zur Ausfuellung der standesamtlichen Zaehlkarten ueber Eheschliessungen, Geburten und Sterbefaelle,
    November 1938," BA Berlin, NS 48/6, pp. 1-4, Appendix; "
    Vom
    Statistischen Landesamt an die bayerischen Standesaemter,
    1934," BA Berlin, NS 48/6, no page numbers; "
    Handbuch fuer das Deutsche Reich,
    1936," NA College Park, RG 242, A3345-B-172, frames 7-253; "
    Vorschlag zur Erfassung des im RuS-Hauptamt ruhenden erbwissen - schaftlichen und bevoelkerungspolitischen Materials,
    November 11, 1941," BA Berlin, NS 48/6.
    
70. Handbuch fur das Deutsche Reich 1936,
    NA RG242, A3345-B Roll 172, Frames 7-253. Also see "
    Anleitung zur Ausfuellung der standesamtlichen Zaehlkarten ueber Eheschliessungen, Geburten und Sterbefaelle,
    November 1938," BA Berlin, NS 48/6, pp. 1-4, Appendix; "
    Vom
    Statistischen Landesamt an die bayerischen Standesaemter,
    1934," BA Berlin, NS 48/6, no page numbers; "
    Handbuch fuer das Deutsche Reich,
    1936," NA College Park, RG 242, A3345-B-172, frames 7-253; "
    Vorschlag zur Erfassung des im RuS-Hauptamt ruhenden erbwissen - schaftlichen und bevoelkerungspolitischen Materials,
    November 11, 1941," BA Berlin, NS 48/6.