I Am Not a Slut: Slut-Shaming in the Age of the Internet (45 page)

223
     White House Council on Women and Girls,
Rape and Sexual Assault
, 14.

224
     Jennifer Steinhauer, “Navy Hearing in Rape Case Raises Alarm,”
New York Times
, September 20, 2013, www.nytimes.com/2013/09/21/us/intrusive-grilling-in-rape-case-raises-alarm-on-military-hearings.html.

225
     Alan D. Berkowitz, “Guidelines for Consent in Intimate Relationships,”
Campus Safety & Student Development
3, no. 4, (March/April 2002): 49, www.alanberkowitz.com/articles/consent.pdf.

226
     Al Baker, “Sex Charges in Connecticut Are Dissected on the Internet,”
New York Times
, March 20, 2013, www.nytimes.com/2013/03/21/nyregion/sexual-assault-charges-in-torrington-conn-are-dissected-in-social-media.html.

227
     Vivian Yee, “Statutory Rape, Twitter and a Connecticut Town’s Divide,”
New York Times
, April 4, 2013, www.nytimes.com/2013/04/05/nyregion/generational-divide-in-torrington-conn-over-sex-assault-case.html.

228
     Levy, “Trial by Twitter.”

229
     Ibid.

230
     Ibid.

231
     These Twitter comments and more, compiled by David Futrelle, a Chicago blogger, are available at http://wehuntedthemammoth.com/2013/03/18/today-in-rape-culture-more-steubenville-awfullness-on-twitter/.

232
     Levy, “Trial by Twitter.”

233
     Portions of this chapter appeared in my
Huffington Post
article titled “Topless Women at SlutWalk Demand Respect: Is This the Right Tactic?” October 5, 2011, www.huffingtonpost.com/leora-tanenbaum/topless-women-at-slutwalk_b_993361.html.

234
     Laura Stampler, “SlutWalk Sweeps the Nation,”
Huffington Post
, June 20, 2011, www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/04/20/slutwalk-united-states-city_n_851725.html.

235
     See the SlutWalk Toronto website: http://www.slutwalktoronto.com/.

236
     “NYPD ‘Rape Cops’ Lawyer Told Off for Comparing Woman’s Privates to ‘Snapping Venus Fly Trap,’”
Daily Mail
, April 22, 2011, www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1379393/NYPD-rape-cops-lawyer-told-comparing-womans-privates-snapping-Venus-fly-trap.html.

237
     Deborah Tuerkheimer, “SlutWalking in the Shadow of the Law,”
Minnesota Law Review
98, no. 4 (2014): 1453–1511.

238
     “Surprise Welcome: Topless Protesters Confront Putin in Germany,”
Spiegel Online
, April 8, 2011, www.spiegel.de/international/europe/putin-visibly-amused-by-topless-femen-protest-in-germany-a-893128.html.

239
     Quoted in Nona Willis Aronowitz and Emma Bee Bernstein,
Girldrive: Criss-Crossing America, Redefining Feminism
(Berkeley, CA: Seal, 2009), 44.

240
     Adam D. Galinsky et al., “The Reappropriation of Stigmatizing Labels: Implications for Social Identity,”
Research on Managing Groups and Teams
, 5 (2003): 221–56; Robin Brontsema, “A Queer Revolution: Reconceptualizing the Debate Over Linguistic Reclamation,”
Colorado Research in Linguistics
17, no. 1 (June 2004), www.colorado.edu/ling/CRIL/Volume17_Issue1/paper_BRONTSEMA.pdf.

241
     The complete letter is available on the Black Women’s Blueprint website: www.blackwomensblueprint.org/?s=slutwalk&op.x=-927&op.y=-48

242
     Aura Bogado, “SlutWalk: A Stroll Through White Supremacy,”
To the Curb
(blog), May 13, 2011, http://tothecurb.wordpress.com/2011/05/13/slutwalk-a-stroll-through-white-supremacy/.

243
     Crunktastic [Brittney C. Cooper], “I Saw the Sign But Did We Really Need a Sign?: SlutWalk and Racism,”
Crunk Feminist Collective
, October 6, 2011, www.crunkfeministcollective.com/2011/10/06/i-saw-the-sign-but-did-we-really-need-a-sign-slutwalk-and-racism/.

244
     Ibid.

245
     Rodriguez makes the posters available for free as downloads through her website, www.favianna.com. Her statement is available on www.favianna.com.

246
     Leora Tanenbaum,
Slut! Growing Up Female with a Bad Reputation
(New York: HarperPerennial, 2000), 113.

247
     Judith Butler,
Excitable Speech: A Politics of the Performative
(New York: Routledge, 1997), 2.

248
     Ibid., 16–18.

249
     Ibid., 100.

250
     Randall Kennedy,
Nigger: The Strange Career of a Troublesome Word
(New York: Vintage, 2003), 33–35.

251
     Ibid., 39.

252
     Ibid., 138.

253
     Jabari Asim,
The N Word: Who Can Say It, Who Shouldn’t, and Why
(Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2007), 224–45.

254
     Butler, 38.

255
     A transcript of Friedman’s Boston SlutWalk speech is available on
Feministing
at http://feministing.com/2011/05/09/you-can-call-us-
that-name-but-we-will-not-shut-up/; a video of the speech is available on YouTube at www.youtube.com/watch?v=-oiuXpMQL4E.

256
     Levy, “Trial by Twitter.”

257
     Andrea Peyser, “Subway Jerk Off the Hook,”
New York Post
, April 19, 2006, http://nypost.com/2006/04/19/subway-jerk-off-the-hook/.

258
     Tracy Connor and Alison Gendar, “Restaurant Boss in Raw-Tipsters. Is He Subway Flasher?,”
Daily News
, August 29, 2005, www.nydailynews.com/archives/news/restaurant-boss-raw-tipsters-subway-flasher-article-1.586582.

259
     Katie Haegele, “Street Sweepers: Hollaback! and the Global Surge in Antiharassment Activism,”
Bitch
, Fall 2011, 34.

260
     Figures on the endowments of the wealthiest universities can be found here: www.statisticbrain.com/college-endowment-rankings/.

261
     “From Survivor to Victim,”
Raped At Tufts University
, http://www.rapedattufts.info/?page_id=96.

262
     Michael Winerip, “Stepping Up to Stop Sexual Assault,”
New York Times
, February 9, 2014, www.nytimes.com/2014/02/09/education/edlife/stepping-up-to-stop-sexual-assault.html.

263
     Ruth Tam, “Activists Applaud White House Effort to Fight Campus Rapes,”
Washington Post
, January 25, 2014, www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/she-the-people/wp/2014/01/25/activists-applaud-white-house-effort-to-fight-campus-rapes/; Kayla Webley, “Big Shame on Campus,”
Marie Claire
, November 2013, www.marieclaire.com/world-reports/big-shame-on-campus.

264
     The petition is available at http://change.org/standwithsurvivors.

265
     “Slut Shaming and Why It’s Wrong,” YouTube video, posted by “Sarah Sloan MacLeod,” August 20, 2011, www.youtube.com/watch?v=SXH2K7OC37s.

266
     “How Slut Shaming Becomes Victim Shaming,” YouTube video, posted by “chescaleigh” [Franchesca Ramsey], December 14, 2012, www.youtube.com/watch?v=1l3h8fzv-BM. A full transcript of the video appears on
Racialicious
at www.racialicious.com/2012/12/19/video-franchesca-ramseys-powerful-how-slut-shaming-becomes-victim-blaming/.

267
     “Re: JennaMarbles’ ‘Slut Edition.,’” YouTube video, posted by “lacigreen” [Laci Green], December 13, 2012, www.youtube.com/watch?v=CCw2MzKjpoo.

268
     “Sluts,” YouTube video, posted by “haleyghoover” [Hayley G. Hoover], December 13, 2012, www.youtube.com/watch?v=YzB_O_B7-_Y.

269
     Alicia W. Stewart, “#IAmJada: When Abuse Becomes a Teen Meme,” CNN.com, July 18, 2014, http://www.cnn.com/2014/07/18/living/jada-iamjada-teen-social-media/.

270
     Sara Stewart, “‘Slut: The Play’ Debuts at NYC Fringe Festival This Fall,”
New York Post
, August 19, 2013, http://nypost.com/2013/08/19/slut-the-play-debuts-at-nyc-fringe-festival-this-fall/; Sarah Begley, “Gloria Steinem’s Favorite New Play,”
Daily Beast
, September 27, 2013, www.thedailybeast.com/witw/articles/2013/09/27/gloria-steinem-s-favorite-new-play-tackles-teen-sexual-assault.html.

INDEX

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Abercrombie Kids, 147–48

abortion, 35, 226–31, 272

bans and restrictions on, 229–30

Abrams, Kathryn, 253

abstinence movement, 314

Aéropostale, 147

Affordable Care Act, 223, 226

agency, 59, 61, 65, 70, 83, 89, 90, 101, 142, 181, 184, 192, 253

rape and, 247–49

Akin, Todd, 249

alcohol,
see
drinking and being drunk

All-Girl Theater Company, 7

Alone Together: Why We Expect More From Technology and Less From Each Other
(Turkle), 123

Althusser, Louis, 112–13

American Association of University Women, xiii, 67, 193–94

American Psychological Association Task Force on the Sexualization of Girls, 142–43

anal sex, 212, 241
n,
252

anorexia, 206, 320

Armstrong, Jennifer Keishin, 117

Aronowitz, Nona Willis, 161–62

Arts Effect, 7, 47–51, 125, 154, 168, 191, 324

Asim, Jabari, 299–300

Ask.fm, 74–76, 237

Associated Press, 160

As You Like It
(Shakespeare), 30

athletes, 261, 264, 273–77

Atlantic,
261

Aykroyd, Dan, 34

Bachelor, The,
viii

“bad slut,” 6–11, 24, 28–29, 41–42, 43, 52, 53–61, 113, 141, 145, 148, 248, 253

“bad slut” coping mechanisms, 193–238, 328–29, 330

contraceptives and, xx, 194, 222–27

drug use, 193, 207–8, 209

eating disorders, xx, 193, 205–7, 209, 320

lying about sexual history, 194, 209–22

owning label and becoming sexually active with multiple partners, 193, 195–205, 271

shutting down normal sexual desire, 193, 206, 209

Bamberg, Michael, 99–102

Barnard College, 27–28, 39–40

Barnett, Alex, 260–61

Barnett, Sonya, 280

Bartky, Sandra Lee, 115–16, 120

Baugh, G. Todd, 250

Baumgardner, Jennifer, 277

Bazelon, Emily, 73–74, 234

beauty, 116, 120–21

plastic surgery and, 118–19

pornography aesthetic and, 116–18

Belknap, Joanne, 258

Bentham, Jeremy, 114

Berkowitz, Alan D., 265

Beth Shields Middle School, 231–33

Beyoncé, 77

Bikini Kill, 35, 281

bikini waxes, 117–18

birth control,
see
contraceptives

bisexuality, 11, 55, 98, 216

“bitch,” 5, 31

reclamation of, 5, 288

Bitch,
284

“Bitch Betta Have My Money,” 262

“Bitches Ain’t Shit,” 262

black women, 9–10, 32–34

and reclamation of “slut,” 288–97

Black Women’s Blueprint, 289–92

body image, 132–33

see also
beauty

Bogado, Aura, 293

Bookslut,
36

boyd, danah, 69, 70, 124, 160–61

Boy Kings, The
(Losse), 125

boys, 113

penis photographs taken by, 162, 165–71

slut-bashing by, 97–105

breast augmentation, 118–19

Brown, Lisa, 78

Bucknell University, 190, 245

bulimia, 206

bullying, 2–3, 67–73, 76

characteristics of, 67–68

“drama” and, 69–71

see also
slut-bashing

Bunyan, John, 31

Bush, George W., 259

Butler, Judith, 297–98, 300, 302

bystanders, responsibilities of, 334–35, 340

California State University, 78

Canterbury Tales, The
(Chaucer), 29–30

Cappiello, Katie, 7–8, 51, 52, 53, 125, 130, 133, 154–55, 319, 321, 324, 325–26

Castro, Jennifer, 223

Cataracs, 263

celebrities, vii–viii, x–xi, 128–19

Chaucer, Geoffrey, 29–30, 285

child pornography laws, 163–64

choice, 253

see also
agency; consent

Clark, Russell, 81–82

Clementi, Tyler, 69

Clery Act, 311

Cline, Elizabeth, 147

clothing:

college students and, 155–57