Hitler: Ascent, 1889-1939 (187 page)

268 
Goebbels,
Tagebücher
, part 1, vol. 3/2, pp. 147 (entry for 3 Aug. 1936), 161 (entry for 17 Aug. 1936).

269 
Paul Schmidt,
Statist auf diplomatischer Bühne 1923–45: Erlebnisse des Chefdolmetschers im Auswärtigen Amt mit den Staatsmännern Europas
, Bonn, 1950, p. 330.

270 
François-Poncet,
Als Botschafter in Berlin
, p. 267.

271 
Goebbels,
Tagebücher
, part 1, vol. 3/2, pp. 160f. (entry for 16 Aug. 1936); see ibid., p. 158 (entry for 14 Aug. 1936); Joachim von Ribbentrop,
Zwischen London und Moskau: Erinnerungen und letzte Aufzeichnungen
, ed. Annelies von Ribbentrop, Leoni am Starnberger See, 1961, pp. 94f.

272 
See Rürup (ed.),
1936: Die Olympischen Spiele und der Nationalsozialismus
, pp. 169–77; Fuhrer,
Hitlers Spiele
, pp. 133–9.

273 
Goebbels,
Tagebücher
, part 1, vol. 5, p. 267 (entry for 21 Aug. 1938). On the Olympics film see Rother,
Leni Riefenstahl
, pp. 87–101; Wieland,
Dietrich & Riefenstahl
, pp. 329–46; Leis,
Leni Riefenstahl
, pp. 78–86; Fuhrer,
Hitlers Spiele
, pp. 127–33.

274 
Shirer,
Berliner Tagebuch
, p. 68 (entry for 16 Aug. 1936) On the foreign echo see also Krüger,
Die Olympischen Spiele 1936
, pp. 206–15; Large,
Berlin
, pp. 280f.

275 
Quoted in Krüger,
Die Olympischen Spiele 1936
, p. 229.

276 
Klemperer,
Tagebücher 1933–1941
, pp. 291f.

277 
Domarus,
Hitler
, vol. 1, part 2, pp. 638, 645f. See Friedländer,
Das Dritte Reich und die Juden
, vol. 1, p. 201.

278 
Klemperer,
Tagebücher 1933–1942
, p. 305 (entry for 14 Sept. 1936). See Cohn,
Kein Recht, nirgends
, vol. 1, p. 353 (entry for 11 Sept. 1936); Thomas Mann,
Tagebücher 1937–1939
, ed. Peter de Mendelssohn, Frankfurt am Main, 1980, p. 38 (entry for 10 March 1937): “Why in God’s name this prostration before something so obviously pathetic?”

17
Dictatorship by Division, Architecture of Intimidation

1 
Sefton Delmer,
Die Deutschen und ich
, Hamburg, 1963, p. 182.

2 
See Otto Dietrich,
12 Jahre mit Hitler
, Munich, 1955, pp. 39, 249.

3 
See Lutz Graf Schwerin von Krosigk,
Es geschah in Deutschland: Menschenbilder unseres Jahrhunderts
, Tübingen and Stuttgart, 1951, p. 199.

4 
Lammers’s statement in the “Wilhelmstrasse trial” on 3 Sept. 1948; quoted in Dieter Rebentisch, “Hitlers Reichskanzlei zwischen Politik und Verwaltung,” in
idem
and Karl Teppe (eds),
Verwaltung contra Menschenführung im Staat Hitlers
, Göttingen, 1986, p. 68. See also sworn statement by Wilhelm Brückner, June 1954: “Hitler wanted a man who was not burdened from the start by party intrigues and who could bring a top level of judicial qualifications to the job.” IfZ München, ED 100/43.

5 
Friedrich Hossbach,
Zwischen Wehrmacht und Hitler 1934–1938
, 2nd revised edition, Göttingen, 1965, p. 43.

6 
Albert Speer,
Erinnerungen: Mit einem Essay von Jochen Thies
, Frankfurt am Main and Berlin, 1993, p. 48.

7 
Fritz Wiedemann,
Der Mann, der Feldherr werden wollte: Erlebnisse und Erfahrungen des Vorgesetzten Hitlers im 1. Weltkrieg und seines späteren persönlichen Adjutanten
, Velbert and Kettwig 1964, pp. 60f.

8 
Karl Wilhelm Krause,
10 Jahre Kammerdiener bei Hitler
, Hamburg, 1949, p. 22. Otto Dietrich spoke in the questioning of 26 May 1947 of an “unbroken life of travel”; IfZ München, ZS 874. See Dietrich,
12 Jahre mit Hitler
, p. 161. On Hitler’s “travel mania” see Joachim Fest,
Hitler: Eine Biographie
, Frankfurt am Main, Berlin and Vienna, 1973, pp. 612, 737; Marlies Steinert,
Hitler
, Munich, 1994, p. 123.

9 
Speer,
Erinnerungen
, p. 59. See Wiedemann’s shorthand notes dated 25 Feb. 1939: “Whenever he travelled from Berlin to Munich, his first stop was Troost’s studio, then his own apartment, a meal in the Osteria, and the office for construction in the Bavarian Interior Ministry.” BA Koblenz, N 1720/4. On Hitler’s typical routine during his visits to Munich see also Max Wünsche’s daily diaries dated 18 June, 25 June, 2 July, 6 July, 21 July 1938; BA Berlin-Lichterfelde, NS 10/125; Dietrich,
12 Jahre mit Hitler
, pp. 200–2.

10 
See Hans Wilderotter,
Alltag der Macht: Berlin Wilhelmstrasse
, Berlin, 1998, p. 74.

11 
Die Tagebücher von Joseph Goebbels. Part 1: Aufzeichnungen 1923–1941
, ed. Elke Fröhlich, Munich, 1998, vol. 2/3, p. 360 (entry for 22 Jan. 1934). See Timo Nüsslein,
Paul Ludwig Troost 1878–1934
, Vienna, Cologne and Weimar, 2012, pp. 67f.; on the state funeral on 24 Jan. 1934, see ibid., pp. 160f. In September 1941, Hitler still described Troost as “the greatest architect of our time.” Reports by Werner Koeppen, p. 1 (dated 6 Sept. 1941).

12 
See Joachim Fest,
Speer: Eine Biographie
, Berlin, 1999, pp. 21–50.

13 
Speer,
Erinnerungen
, p. 43. See Fest,
Speer
, p. 52.

14 
See Nicolaus von Below,
Als Hitlers Adjutant 1937–45
, Mainz, 1980, p. 28; Krause,
10 Jahre Kammerdiener
, p. 34f.; Christa Schroeder,
Er war mein Chef: Aus dem Nachlass der Sekretärin von Adolf Hitler
, ed. Anton Joachimsthaler, 3rd edition, Munich and Vienna, 1985, pp. 59–61; Rochus Misch,
Der letzte Zeuge: “Ich war Hitlers Telefonist, Kurier und Leibwächter,
” Zurich and Munich, 2008, pp. 73–7; Steinert,
Hitler
, pp. 325f.

15 
See Karl Brandt’s testimony about Wihelm Brückner and Julius Schaub (20 Sept. 1945); BA Koblenz, N 1128/33; Below,
Als Hitlers Adjutant
, pp. 29f., 71, 90; Schroeder,
Er war mein Chef
, pp. 37, 42, 44f., 46, 53f.; Krause,
10 Jahre Kammerdiener
, pp. 23–7; Heinz Linge,
Bis zum Untergang: Als Chef des Persönlichen Dienstes bei Hitler
, ed. Werner Maser, Munich, 1982, pp. 24f.; Ernst Hanfstaengl,
Zwischen Weissem und Braunem Haus: Erinnerungen eines politischen Aussenseiters
, Munich, 1970, pp. 309f.; Olaf Rose (ed.),
Julius Schaub: In Hitlers Schatten
, Stegen, 2005, pp. 21, 51.

16 
Linge,
Bis zum Untergang
, p. 59.

17 
The list of gifts for the years 1935 and 1936 is reprinted in Anton Joachimsthaler,
Hitlers Liste: Ein Dokument persönlicher Beziehungen
, Munich, 2003, pp. 12–15. The thank you letter for the gift of flowers at New Year 1934 (from Victoria von Dirksen, Margarete Frick, Cornelia Popitz and others) in BA Berlin-Lichterfelde, NS 10/123. On Hitler’s pleasure at giving gifts see Schoeder,
Er war mein Chef
, pp. 55f.; Dietrich,
12 Jahre mit Hitler
, p. 197.

18 
Goebbels,
Tagebücher
, part 1, vol. 3/2, p. 85 (entry for 17 May 1936). See ibid., p. 85 (entry for 18 May 1936): “Sometimes the Führer is somewhere else entirely. He suffers greatly.” Hitler attended Schreck’s funeral in Münchel-Gräfelding on 19 May 1936, and he also saw to it that Schreck’s gravestone was maintained. See BA Berlin-Lichterfelde, NS 10/121. See also Hanfstaengl’s note about Schreck’s burial: “A. H. in a peaked cap like Puss in Boots with his Gauleiter, office directors and other brown armadillos crowding around him. Depressing! A pack of gangsters.” BSB München, Nl Hanfstaengl Ana 405, Box 27.

19 
Hossbach,
Zwischen Wehrmacht und Hitler
, p. 22. See Schwerin von Krosigk’s essay on Hitler’s personality (
c
.1945): “His benevolence can give way to an outbreak of anger or terrifying severity with surprising suddenness”; IfZ München, ZS 145, vol. 5.

20 
Krause,
10 Jahre Kammerdiener
, p. 61.

21 
Ibid., p. 27. On the above see Schroeder,
Er war mein Chef
, pp. 60, 83.

22 
Wiedemann,
Der Mann
, pp. 235f.; see below p. 747.

23 
On 23 June 1937, Hanfstaengl responded from London to the numerous congratulations and telegrams he had received on his fiftieth birthday the previous February; BSB München, Nl. Hanfstaengl Ana 405, Box 46. The Nazi leadership were concerned that Hanfstaengl might reveal intimate details from Hitler’s inner circle and tried in vain to convince him to return to Germany. See sworn statements by Julius Schaub and Wilhelm Brückner from August 1949; IfZ München, ED 100/43; Speer,
Erinnerungen
, p. 141; Hanfstaengl,
Zwischen Weissem und Braunem Haus
, pp. 362ff.; Lothar Machtan,
Hitlers Geheimnis: Das Doppelleben eines Diktators
, Berlin, 2001, pp. 343ff. Further, Goebbels,
Tagebücher
, part 1, vol. 3/2, p. 368 (entry for 11 Feb. 1937), vol. 4, pp. 47 (entry for 12 March 1937), 53 (entry for 16 March 1937), 59 (entry for 20 March 1937), 91 (entry for 13 April 1937), 97 (entry for 16 April 1937), vol. 5, p. 105 (entry for 19 Jan. 1938). See also Hanfstaengl’s correspondence with Lammers, Julius Streicher and Wilhelm Brückner in December 1937 concerning Kurt Lüdecke’s book
I Knew Hitler
, which had been published the previous month by Charles Scribner in New York. Hanfstaengl demanded that Hitler personally rehabilitate him, threatening to reveal things “that might not be so pleasant for certain gentlemen.” BA Berlin-Lichterfelde, R 43 II/889b. See the facsimile of a handwritten, threatening letter to Hitler on 12 Feb. 1939 in Machtan,
Hitlers Geheimnis
, pp. 351–3. In August 1939 “in the name of the Führer,” Martin Bormann offered to give Hanfstaengl a “suitable position” and to take over all “financial responsibilities” arising from his exile, if he agreed to return to Germany. Hanfstaengl did not take up the offer. He demanded a written document in which Hitler assumed “ultimate responsibility” for the wrong that had been done to him, which the dictator refused to provide. See Bormann to Hanfstaengl, 15 Aug. 1939 and Hanfstaengl’s answer on 18 Aug. 1939; BSB München, Nl Hanfstaengl, Ana 405, Box 40.

24 
See Krause,
10 Jahre Kammerdiener
, pp. 12–14.

25 
See Speer,
Erinnerungen
, p. 47; Wilderotter,
Alltag der Macht
, p. 72; Sven Felix Kellerhoff,
Hitlers Berlin: Geschichte einer Hassliebe
, Berlin and Brandenburg, 2005, p. 110.

26 
Dietrich,
12 Jahre mit Hitler
, p. 152.

27 
See Wiedemann,
Der Mann
, p. 68; Hanfstaengl,
Zwischen Weissem und Braunem Haus
, p. 311; Dietrich,
12 Jahre mit Hitler
, p. 152.

28 
Speer,
Erinnerungen
, p. 132; see Baldur von Schirach,
Ich glaubte an Hitler
, Hamburg, 1967, p. 237.

29 
Krause,
10 Jahre Kammerdiener
, p. 15.

30 
See Birgit Schwarz,
Geniewahn: Hitler und die Kunst
, Vienna, Cologne and Weimar, 2009, pp. 138f. See that page for a photograph of the dining room and a reproduction of the painting.

31 
According to the description by Ribbentrop’s private secretary, Reinhard Spitzy,
So haben wir das Reich verspielt: Bekenntnisse eines Illegalen
, 2nd edition, Munich and Vienna, 1987, p. 125. See Wilderotter,
Alltag der Macht
, p. 124.

32 
See Speer,
Erinnerungen
, p. 133; Dietrich,
12 Jahre mit Hitler
, pp. 252f.; Hanfstaengl,
Zwischen Weissem und Braunem Haus
, pp. 311f.; Wiedemann, notes on “daily life”; BA Koblenz, N 1720/4.

33 
Speer,
Erinnerungen
, p. 133; see Henrik Eberle and Mathias Uhl (eds),
Das Buch Hitler: Geheimdossier des NKWD für Josef W. Stalin aufgrund der Verhörprotokolle des Persönlichen Adjutanten Hitlers, Otto Günsche, und des Kammerdieners Heinz Linge, Moskau 1948/49
, Bergisch Gladbach, 2005, p. 51.

34 
Dietrich,
12 Jahre mit Hitler
, p. 253. The diplomat Ulrich von Hassell noted after a meal in the Reich Chancellery in 1936: “All in attendance hung on his every word and repeated what he said.” Ulrich von Hassell,
Römische Tagebücher und Briefe 1932–1938
, ed. Ulrich Schlie, Munich, 2004, p. 144 (entry for 26 July 1936). See Wiedemann’s shorthand notes dated 25 Feb. 1939: “The conversation at mealtimes was conducted almost exclusively by the Führer. The others listened and agreed. It was basically impossible to raise any objections no matter how well founded they might have been.” BA Koblenz, N 1720/4.

35 
Albert Speer,
“Alles was ich weiss”: Aus unbekannten Geheimdienstprotokollen vom Sommer 1945
, ed. Ulrich Schlie, Munich, 1999, p. 39.