History of the Jews (115 page)

26.
  
Amos Elon,
Herzl
(London 1976), 179.

27.
  
Neil Caplan,
Palestine Jewry and the Arab Question 1917-25
(London 1978), 74, 169ff.

28.
  
Quoted in S. Clement Leslie,
The Rift in Israel: Religious Authority and Secular Democracy
(London 1971), 32.

29.
  
Weizmann,
op. cit
., 316.

30.
  
Ibid
., 307-8.

31.
  
Sanders,
op. cit
., 569-70, for full text of message.

32.
  
Elie Kedourie, ‘Sir Herbert Samuel and the Government of Palestine’, in
The Chatham House Version and Other Middle East Studies
(London 1970), 57.

33.
  
8 June 1920;
Letters and Papers of Chaim Weizmann
(New Brunswick 1977), xi 355.

34.
  
Quoted in Kedourie,
op. cit
., 55-6.

35.
  
Quoted in Neil Caplan, ‘The Yishuv, Sir Herbert Samuel and the Arab Question in Palestine 1921-5’, in Elie Kedourie and Sylvia G. Haim (eds),
Zionism and Arabism in Palestine and Israel
(London 1982), 19-20.

36.
  
Kedourie,
op. cit
., 60-2.

37.
  
Quoted in
ibid
., 65.

38.
  
Bernard Wasserstein, ‘Herbert Samuel and the Palestine Problem’,
English Historical Review
, 91 (1976).

39.
  
Kedourie,
op. cit
., 69.

40.
  
Weizmann,
op. cit
., 325, 494.

41.
  
Lloyd George,
Peace Treaties
, 1123ff.

42.
  
Ibid
., 1139.

43.
  
Caplan, ‘The Yishuv’, 31.

44.
  
Quoted in Wasserstein,
op. cit
., 767.

45.
  
Quoted in R. H. S. Crossman,
A Nation Reborn
(London 1960), 127.

46.
  
Weizmann,
op. cit
., 418.

47.
  
Quoted in
Encyclopaedia Judaica
, iv 506.

48.
  
Weizmann,
op. cit
., 411.

49.
  
Quoted in Leslie,
op. cit
. (1938 interview).

50.
  
‘On the Iron Wall’, 1923; quoted in Silver,
op. cit
., 12.

51.
  
Robert S. Wistrich,
Revolutionary Jews from Marx to Trotsky
(London 1976), 77ff.; see also J. P. Nettl,
Rosa Luxemburg
, 2 vols (London 1966).

52.
  
Quoted in Wistrich,
op. cit
., 83.

53.
  
Letter to Mathilee Wurm, 16 February 1917, quoted in
ibid
.

54.
  
Collected Works
(London 1961), vii 100ff.; ‘Critical Remarks on the National Question’, 1913; quoted in Wistrich,
op. cit
.

55.
  
Isaac Deutscher,
The Prophet Armed: Trotsky
, 1879-1921 (Oxford 1965).

56.
  
See K. Pindson (ed.),
Essays in Anti-Semitism
(2nd edn, New York 1946), 121-44. The
Encyclopaedia Judaica
, xiv 459, gives the figure as 60,000; H. H. Ben Sasson (ed.),
A History of the Jewish People
(trans., Harvard 1976), gives 75,000; the Soviet figure is 180,000-200,000.

57.
  
Bernard D. Weinryb, ‘Anti-Semitism in Soviet Russia’, in Lionel Kochan (ed.),
The Jews in Soviet Russia
(Oxford 1972).

58.
  
J. B. Schechtman, ‘The USSR, Zionism and Israel’, in Kochan,
op. cit
., 101.

59.
  
Ibid
., 107; Guido D. Goldman,
Zionism under Soviet Rule 1917-28
(New York 1960).

60.
  
Isaac Deutscher,
The Prophet Unarmed: Trotsky 1921-29
(Oxford 1965), 258.

61.
  
Quoted in Lionel Trilling, ‘Isaac Babel’, in
Beyond Culture
(Oxford 1980), 103-25; see also Trilling’s edition of Babel’s
Collected Stories
(New York 1955), and R. Rosenthal in
Commentary
, 3 (1947).

62.
  
Robert Conquest,
Inside Stalin’s Secret Police: NKVD Politics 1936-39
(London 1985), 99.

63.
  
Jewish Chronicle
, 2 November 1917.

64.
  
Quoted in Leon Poliakov,
History of Anti-Semitism
, vol. iv, Suicidal Europe, 1870-1933 (Oxford 1985), 209.

65.
  
The Cause of World Unrest
, 10, 13, 131-2.

66.
  
Illustrated Sunday Herald
, 8 February 1920, quoted in Poliakov,
op. cit
.

67.
  
Morning Post
, 6 October 1921, quoted in Poliakov,
op. cit
.

68.
  
Robert Wilson,
The Last Days of the Romanovs
(London 1920), 148.

69.
  
P. Lévy,
Les Noms des Israélites en France
(Paris 1960), 75-6.

70.
  
Quoted in Paul J. Kingston,
Anti-Semitism in France during the 1930s: Organization, Personalities and Propaganda
(Hull 1983), 4.

71.
  
Paul Hyman,
From Dreyfus to Vichy: The Remaking of French Jewry
(Columbia 1979), 35.

72.
  
Léon Blum,
Nouvelles Conversations de Goethe avec Eckermann
(Paris 1901), quoted in Wistrich,
op. cit
.

73.
  
Harvey Goldberg, ‘Jean Jaurès on the Jewish Question’,
Jewish Social Studies
(April 1958).

74.
  
A. Mitchell Palmer, ‘The Case Against the Reds’,
Forum
, February 1920; Poliakov,
op. cit
., 231-2.

75.
  
For Brandeis’ legal philosophy, see Philippa Strum,
Louis D. Brandeis: Justice for the People
(Harvard 1985).

76.
  
West Virginia State Board of Education v. Barnette
(1943).

77.
  
G. Saleski,
Famous Musicians of Jewish Origin
(New York 1949).

78.
  
T. Levitan,
Jews in American Life
(New York 1969), 96-9, 199-203, 245-6.

79.
  
Quoted in Lary May,
Screening Out the Past: The Birth of Mass Culture and the Motion-Picture Industry
(Oxford 1980).

80.
  
See Philip French,
The Movie Moguls
(London 1967).

81.
  
Ibid
., 21.

82.
  
For biographical details see French,
op. cit
.; May,
op. cit
., 253, table
III
a, ‘Founders of the Big Eight’, and table
III
b for biographies.

83.
  
French,
op. cit
., 28.

84.
  
Raymond Durgnat,
The Crazy Mirror: Hollywood Comedy and the American Image
(London 1969), 150-61; 78-83.

85.
  
May,
op. cit
., 171.

86.
  
Helen and Robert Lynd,
Middletown
(New York 1929).

87.
  
Edward J. Bristow,
Prostitution and Prejudice: The Jewish Fight Against White Slavery 1870-1939
(New York 1984).

88.
  
Jenna Weissman Joselit,
Our Gang: Jewish Crime and the New York Jewish Community 1900-1940
(New York 1983).

89.
  
For Jewish gangsters see Albert Fried,
The Rise and Fall of the Jewish Gangster in America
(New York 1980).

90.
  
Melvin Urofsky,
American Zionism: From Herzl to the Holocaust
(New York 1975), 127.

91.
  
Quoted in Ronald Steel,
Walter Lippmann and the American Century
(London 1980), 187.

92.
  
James Grant,
Bernard Baruch: The Adventures of a Wall Street Legend
(New York 1983), 223ff., shows that he merely salvaged most of his fortune after the market broke; he was never worth more than between $10 million and $15 million.

93.
  
Ibid
., 107-9.

94.
  
Steel,
op. cit
., 189.

95.
  
‘Public Opinion and the American Jew’,
American Hebrew
, 14 April 1922.

96.
  
Quoted in Steel,
op. cit
., 194.

97.
  
Quoted in
ibid
., 330-1.

98.
  
New York Times
, 11 April 1945; for polls see Davis S. Wyman,
The Abandonment of the Jews: America and the Holocaust 1941-45
(New York 1984), 8-9.

99.
  
Fritz Stern, ‘Einstein’s Germany’, in Holton and Elkana,
op. cit
., 322ff.

100.
  
Ibid
., 324-5.

101.
  
E. J. Gumpel produced a statistical survey of these murders and sentences,
Vier Jahre politisches Mord
(Berlin 1922), quoted in Grunfeld,
op. cit
.

102.
  
Mein Kampf
(1962 edn), 772.

103.
  
Walter Laqueur,
Russia and Germany: A Century of Conflict
(London 1962), 109ff.; Poliakov,
op. cit
., iv 174.