Hirohito and the Making of Modern Japan (225 page)

112.
Tamura Yoshiro, “Kindai Nihon no ayumi to Nichirenshugi,” in Tamura Yoshir
and Miyazaki Eishu, eds.,
K
za Nichiren 4, Nihon kindai to Nichirenshugi
(Shunj
sha, 1972), p. 3.

C
HAPTER
5
T
HE
N
EW
M
ONARCHY AND THE
N
EW
N
ATIONALISM

1.
KYN, dai ikkan
, p. 66. The number 124 was concocted centuries earlier by not counting empresses, deleting the emperors of the southern court, and lopping off names that did not accord with certain sources. No one knows exactly how many emperors Japan has had because the dynastic records do not correlate and are contradictory, and the way of naming them has changed over time.

2.
The four rescripts are reproduced and discussed in Senda Kak
,
Tenn
to chokugo to Sh
washi
(Sekibunsha, 1983), pp. 21–25.

3.
Hatano Sumio, “Mansh
jihen to ‘ky
ch
' seiryoku,” in
Tochigi shigaku
5 (1991), p. 108. Nara did not always “act in unison” with the court group but frequently gave priority in his actions to the army organization to which he belonged.

4.
Problems connected with defining the court group are addressed in
NH
.

5.
When Kichizaemon died in June 1926, Saionji expressed his concern to Makino over how to secure the Sumitomo family after the death of its head. “The new head of the Sumitomo family is very young, but that family's influence is great and is not limited to them. Since Sumitomo is a state organ it is desirable for the public interest and security to have its foundation strengthened. I agree completely with the prince.” See
MNN
, p. 259.

6.
Hatano, “Mansh
jihen to ‘ky
ch
' seiryoku,” p. 107.

7.
Hirohito summoned Saionji to Tokyo after Prime Minister Inukai was assassinated in May 1932, and again following the army mutiny of February 26, 1936, at which time Saionji participated in the selection of Hirota k
ki as prime minister. See Harada Kumao,
Saionji k
to seikyoku, dai gokan
(Iwanami Shoten, 1951), pp. 6, 8. Cited hereafter as
Harada nikki
.