Hebrew Myths (46 page)

SEDER
GAN
EDEN
. A midrash describing the Garden of Eden, compiled
c
. 1050
A.D
. Printed in BHM (q.v.), vol. i. pp. 131–40, with additions on pp. 194–8.

SEDER
OLAM
. A chronological midrash, probably compiled during the third century
A.D
., but subsequently revised and enlarged. Printed in Wilna, 1897. See also Al. Marx (ed.),
Seder Olam
(Kap. 1–10), Königsberg.

SEDER
RABBA
DIBERESHIT
. A cosmogonical and cosmological midrash, used by the
Mid. Konen
and the
Mid. Aseret Hadibrot
(q.v.). Printed in
Bate Midrashot
(q.v.), vol. i. pp. 19–48.

SEPHER
HAQANE
WEHU
SEPHER
HAPELIAH
, ed. Koretz, 1784. A fifteenth-century kabbalistic book by Avigdor Kanah.

SEPHER
HASSIDIM
, ed. by Judah Hacohen Wistinezky, Berlin, 1891–3. The author of this book of ethics, Judah ben Samuel He-Hasid, died in 1217.

SEPHER
HAYASHAR
, ed. by Lazarus Goldschmidt, Berlin, 1923. A late (twelfth-century
A.D
.) heroic midrash on
Genesis
, the beginning of
Exodus, Numbers
, and
Joshua
. Compiled in Spain, written in Hebrew. Quoted by page.

SEPHER
HEKHALOT
. A midrash on the secrets of Heaven, closely related to the Books of
Enoch
(q.v.). Printed in BHM (q.v.), vol. v. pp. 170–90.

SEPHER
NOAH
. A midrash on the medical secrets given by the Angel Raphael to Noah. First quoted in the eleventh century, but has close affinities with
Jubilees
(q.v.). Printed in BHM (q.v.), vol. iii. pp. 150–60.

SEPHER
RAZIEL
. A kabbalistic work on the secrets of Heaven, creation, angels, amulets, etc. Compiled during the Gaonic period (seventh to tenth century
A.D
.).

SEPHER
YUHASIN
, ed. by Philipowski and Freiman, Frankfurt a. M., 1924. Abraham ben Samuel Zacuto, author of this chronicle, lived
c
. 1450–1510.

SERAPION
. Physician of Alexandria, Egypt, flourished in the third century
A.D
.

SHABBAT
. A tractate of the
Babylonian
and of the
Palestinian Talmud
. See B. and Yer.

SHET
B
.
YEFET
,
Hem’at ha-Hemda
. An Arabic and Hebrew commentary on the
Pentateuch
, written in 1284, in Babylonia. See
Ginze Yerushalayim
, vol. iii, edited by Samuel Aharon Wertheimer, Jerusalem, 1902, pp. 13b–15a.

SHU’AIB
,
JOSHUA
BEN
,
Derashot al ha-Torah
, Constantinople, 1523. The author of these kabbalistic homilies on the
Pentateuch
lived in the first half of the fourteenth century. Quoted by Pentateuchal weekly portion and folio.

SIEGFRIED
,
CARL
.
Philo von Alexandria als Ausleger des alten Testaments
, Jena, 1875.

SIFRA
. A midrash on
Leviticus
compiled by Hiyya son of Abba, in Palestine,
c
. 200
A.D
. Edited by M. Friedmann, Breslau, 1915.

SIFRE
. A midrash on
Numbers
and
Deuteronomy
, of Tannaitic origin (i.e., from second century
A.D
., Palestine). Quoted by folio of M. Friedmann’s edition, Vienna, 1864; photostatic reprint New York, 1948.

SLAVONIC
ENOCH
. See
Enoch
.

SODE
RAZA
, or
Sode Razaya
. A kabbalistic work by Eleazar ben Judah of Worms,
c
. 1176–1238. Published by Israel Kamelhar, Bilgoraj, 1936.

SOTA
. A tractate of the
Babylonian Talmud
. See B.

ST
.
JEROME
. See Jerome.

SUKKA
. A tractate of the
Mishna
and of the
Babylonian Talmud
. See B. and M.

SUSANNA
. One of the apocryphal additions to the Book of
Daniel
. Written probably between 80 and 50
B.C
. See Charles,
The Apocrypha and Pseudepigrapha of the Old Testament
, vol. i. pp. 638 ff.

T

TAANIT
. A tractate of the
Babylonian
and of the
Palestinian Talmud
. See B. and Yer.

TALE
OF
THE
TWO
BROTHERS
. An Egyptian story, paralleling the Biblical story of Joseph and Potiphar’s wife, and dating from the thirteenth century
B.C
. See Pritchard,
Ancient Near Eastern Texts
, pp. 23–5.

TANHUMA
. A midrash on the
Pentateuch
, based on sayings of Rabbi Tanhuma bar Abba, a Palestinian Amora (Talmudic sage) of the fourth century
A.D
. Quoted by Pentateuchal weekly portion and paragraph to which sometimes the folio number of the Levin-Epstein, Warsaw (undated), edition is added. For an older text see next entry.

TANHUMA
BUBER
.
Midrash Tanhuma
, an older version, edited by Solomon Buber, Wilna, 1885; photostatic reprint, New York, 1946 (2 vols.). Quoted by book of the
Pentateuch
and page. See preceding entry.

TANIS
PAPYRUS
. See
Two Hieroglyphic Papyri from Tanis
. I. The Sign Papyrus; II. The Geographical Papyrus. Extra (9th) Memoir of the Egypt Exploration Fund, London, 1889.

TARG
.
Targum
, the Aramaic translation (or, rather, paraphrase) of the Bible. The
Targum
to the
Pentateuch
, called
Targ. Onkelos
, was completed in Babylonia during the early third century
A.D
. The Babylonian
Targum
to the
Prophets
, called
Targ. Jonathan
, dates from the fourth century
A.D
.

TARG
.
YER
.
The Jerusalem Targum
, a paraphrastic Aramaean translation of the
Pentateuch
, extant only in fragments. Prepared in Palestine, probably during the first or second centuries
A.D
. See M. Ginsburger,
Fragmenten-Targumim
, 1899.

TELL
AMARNA
LETTERS
. Three hundred and seventy-seven tablets, being letters written by petty rulers of Canaanite, Phoenician, and Syrian cities to their overlords, Amenhotep III and his son Akhenaten, in the fourteenth century
B.C
. See Pritchard,
Ancient Near Eastern Texts
, pp. 483–90.

TESTAMENT
OF
ABRAHAM
. An apocryphal book, written in Hebrew by a Jew or Jewish Christian, during the second century
A.D
. Extant in two Greek versions. See G. H. Box,
The Testament of Abraham, Isaac and Jacob
, 1927.

TESTAMENT
OF
GAD
. See
Testaments of the Twelve Patriarchs
.

TESTAMENT
OF
ISSACHAR
. See
Testaments of the Twelve Patriarchs
.

TESTAMENT
OF
JOSEPH
. See
Testaments of the Twelve Patriarchs
.

TESTAMENT
OF
JUDAH
. See
Testaments of the Twelve Patriarchs
.

TESTAMENT
OF
REUBEN
. See
Testaments of the Twelve Patriarchs
.

TESTAMENT
OF
ZEBULON
. See
Testaments of the Twelve Patriarchs
.

TESTAMENTS
OF
THE
TWELVE
PATRIARCHS
. An apocryphal book written in Hebrew by a Pharisaic Jew between 109 and 107
B.C
. Moral teachings put into the mouths of Jacob’s twelve sons on their death-beds. See Charles,
The Apocrypha and Pseudepigrapha of the Old Testament
, vol. ii. pp. 282 ff.

THEODORET
. Fifth-century Church historian, theologian and Bishop of Cyrus, Syria. His commentaries on the Old Testament and the Pauline Epistles (including the
Quaest. 60 in Gen
.) were published in Migne’s
Patrol. Graec
. 80.

THEODOTION
AD
GEN
. Theodotion prepared his Greek version of the Bible about 185
A.D
.

THOMAS
,
BERTRAM
,
Arabia Felix
, New York, 1932.

TOSEPHTA
. A collection of Tannaitic statements and traditions closely related to the
Mishna
. Probably compiled by Hiyya bar Abba in Palestine,
c
. 200
A.D
. Quoted by tractate, chapter, and paragraph of S. Zuckermandel’s edition, Pasewalk, 1880; photostatic reprint with additions, Jerusalem, 1937.

TOSEPHTA
ATIQTA
. By Chaim Meir Horowitz, Frankfurt a. M., 1890. A collection of old extra-canonical
Baraitot
.

TZETZES
,
JOHANNES
. Byzantine mythographer of the twelfth century. His extant works comprise the
Chiliades, Iliaca
, and commentaries on Homer, Hesiod, Aristophanes, and Lycophron.

U

UGARITIC
texts, poems, or myths. See Pritchard,
Ancient Near Eastern Texts
, pp. 129–55.

V

VITA
ADAE
. Full title
Vita Adae et Evae
, i.e., ‘The Life of Adam and Eve’. An apocryphal book of Jewish origin, written probably in the first century
B.C
., extant in Greek, Latin, and old Slavonic versions. See Charles,
The Apocrypha and Pseudepigrapha of the Old Testament
, vol. ii. pp. 123 ff.

VULGATE
. The first Latin translation of the Bible, prepared by the Church Father Jerome, and completed about 405
A.D
.

W

WOOLLEY
,
SIR
CHARLES
LEONARD
,
Ur of the Chaldees
, London, 1929.

Y

YALQUT
. The first word in the title of several collections of midrashim. When followed by no name, it refers to the
Yalqut Shimoni
, the most important such collection, made in the first half of the thirteenth century by R. Shimeon Hadarshan of Frankfurt. Quoted by Biblical book and paragraph.

YALQUT
MAKHIRI
. A collection of midrashim made by Makhir ben Abba Mari in the fourteenth century, probably in Spain. Quoted by Biblical book, chapter, and verse.

YALQUT
REUBENI
. A collection of kabbalistic comments on the
Pentateuch
compiled by R. Reuben ben Hoshke Cohen (died 1673) in Prague. Quoted by volume and page of the Warsaw, 1889, 2-vol. edition.

YAQUT
AL-RUMI
. (1179–1229). Arab geographer of Greek origin.

YEBAMOT
. A tractate of the
Babylonian Talmud
. See B.

YER
.
Yerushalmi
(‘Jerusalemite’). When followed by the name of a tractate, refers to the
Palestinian Talmud
, compiled in Palestine in the early fifth century
A.D
. and written mostly in Aramaic. Quoted by tractate, folio, and column.

YERAHMEEL
.
The Chronicles of Jerahmeel
, translated by Moses Gaster. Oriental Translation Fund, London, 1899.

YOMA
. A tractate of the
Mishna
and of the
Babylonian Talmud
. See B. and M.

Z

ZDMG
.
Zeitschrift der deutschen morgenländischen Gesellschaft
.

ZEBAHIM
. A tractate of the
Babylonian Talmud
. See B.

ZOHAR
(‘Splendour’). The ‘Bible’ of the Kabbalists, written by the Spanish Kabbalist Moses de Leon, in Aramaic, during the thirteenth century. It is
a commentary on the Bible, pseudepigraphically attributed to Rabbi Simeon ben Yohai, the famous
Mishna
-teacher. First printed at Mantua, 1558–60, in three volumes, whose pagination is usually followed by subsequent editions, e.g., the Wilna, 1894, edition quoted here.

ZOHAR
HADASH
(‘New Zohar’). Contains those parts of the
Zohar
missing in manuscripts used by editors of the Mantua version. The material was chiefly collected by Abraham Halevi Berokhim from manuscripts found at Safed. Quoted by folio of the Warsaw (Levin-Epstein) undated edition.

¹
Genesis
I–II. 3.

²
Genesis
II. 4–23.

³
Psalm
XXXIII. 6; CIV. 2;
Isaiah
XL. 22 and XLIV. 24;
Psalm
CIV. 6;
Isaiah
L. 3;
Psalm
XVIII. 10–12; 1
Kings
VIII. 12;
Psalms
CIV. 3; XCIII. 1–2.

⁴
Psalm
XVIII. 10 and
Nahum
I. 4;
Proverbs
XXX. 4;
Psalm
CIV. 3–5;
Isaiah
XL. 12;
Psalm
LXV. 7.