Read German Made Simple: Learn to Speak and Understand German Quickly and Easily Online
Authors: Ph.d. Arnold Leitner
Tags: #German Language
Nouns of Group I add no ending to form the plural. They generally add an
umlaut
to
a, o
or
u
within the word. Nouns that end in -
er, -en, -el, -chen
or
—lein
typically belong to Group I.
Nouns of Group II add
-e
. They generally add an
umlaut
to
a, o
or
u
within the word. Almost 90% of all masculine nouns belong to this group, as well as many monosyllabic feminine and neuter nouns.
Nouns of Group III add
-er
. They always add an
umlaut
to
a, o
or
u
within the word. Mostly monosyllabic neuter nouns belong to Group III.
Nouns of Group IV add
-n
or
-en
. They never add an
umlaut
. All nouns that end in -
heit, -keit, -schaft
belong to this group, as well as a large number of feminine nouns.
Nouns of Group V add
—s
. They never add an
umlaut
. Nouns of Group V end in
—a, -i
or
-o
.
The best way to learn noun plurals is to repeat aloud and write both singular and plural of nouns as they occur.
The definite article in the plural is
die
for all genders. The indefinite article
ein
has no plural, and the plural of
kein
is
keine.
Die Knaben und die Mädchen sind dort. | The boys and the girls are there. |
Keine Knaben und keine Mädchen sind dort. | No boys and no girls are there. |
Exercise 10
Read the first sentence in each pair aloud. Read the second sentence in each pair, inserting the plural of the noun in heavy type.
Beispiel: 1. Die Kinder
zählen von eins bis zehn.
2. THE PRESENT TENSE of
gehen
to go
Singular | Plural |
ich gehe I go | wir gehen we go |
du gehst you go | ihr geht you go |
er, sie, es geht he, she, it goes | sie gehen they go |
Polite form (P.F.), singular and plural:
Sie gehen
you go.
a. The endings of nearly all German verbs in the present tense are like those of
gehen
.
b
. du gehst, ihr geht, Sie gehen
are all translated “you go.”
We say
du
(familiar singular) in addressing a relative, a close friend or a child.
We say
ihr
(familiar plural) in addressing more than one relative, close friend or child.
We say
Sie
to all others, whether singular or plural. This is called the polite form (P.F.) and is always capitalized.
Karl, du gehst zu schnell. | Charles, you are going too fast. |
Kinder, ihr geht zu langsam. | Children, you are going too slowly. |
Herr Braun, Sie gehen zu früh. | Mr. Braun, you are going too early. |
Wohin gehen Sie , meine Herren? | Where are you going, (my) gentlemen? |
c. The present tense may be translated in three ways
.
ich gehe
I go, do go, am going,
du gehst
you go, do go, are going; etc.
d. To form a question, invert subject and verb
.
Wohin gehen Sie?
Where are you going?
Gehen die Kinder
zur Schule? Are the children going to school?
e. To form the negative, use
nicht (
not
).
Sie geht
nicht
zur Schule. She does not go to school.
Gehen Sie
nicht
in die Stadt? Are you not going to the city?
3. FAMILIAR VERBS LIKE
gehen
IN THE PRESENT TENSE
Exercise 11
Fill in the grids.
Exercise 12
Complete the verbs with the correct personal endings.
Exercise 13
Fragen
Questions
Reread the text
Wer ist Herr Clark?
Then answer the following questions orally and in writing, referring to the text if necessary. Check your written answers in the “Answer Section.” Follow this procedure with all
Fragen
exercises.
Question Words
Exercise 14
Bilden Sie Fragen!
(Form questions.)
Zwei Dialoge