George Eliot (76 page)

62
. Ibid., VI, 183.

63
. Ibid., VI, 221–2.

64
. Ibid., VI, 227.

65
. Ibid., VI, 253.

66
. Ibid., VI, 211–14.

67
. Ibid., VI, 294.

68
. Ibid., VI, 297.

69
. Haight,
George Eliot
, p. 498.

70
.
Letters
, VI, 295.

71
. Ibid., III, 376.

72
. Ibid., VII, 340–1.

73
. Ibid., VI, 56n, 68n.

74
. Ibid., VI, 23.

75
. Ibid.

76
. Ibid., V, I23n.

77
. Ibid., VI, 17.

78
.
Daniel Deronda
, p. 618, Bk.6, ch.45.

79
. Ibid., p. 69, Bk.1, ch.4.

80
. Ibid., p. 71, Bk.1, ch.4.

81
. Ibid., p. 127, Bk.1, ch.9.

82
. Ibid., pp. 294–5, Bk.3, ch.23.

83
.
Letters
, VI, 302.

84
.
Daniel Deronda
., p. 791, Bk.8, ch.60.

85
. Ibid., p. 879, Bk.8, ch.69.

86
. Ibid., p. 289, Bk.3, ch.22.

87
. Ibid., p. 298, Bk.3, ch.23; p. 303, Bk.3, ch.23.

88
. Ibid., p. 541, Bk.5, ch.39.

89
. Ibid., p. 695, Bk.7, ch.51.

90
. Ibid., p. 694, Bk.7, ch.51.

91
. Ibid., p. 190, Bk.2, ch.14.

92
.
Letters
, VI, 275.

93
. Ibid., VI, 280.

C
HAPTER
15 ‘A Deep Sense of Change Within’

1
. Cross,
Life
, III, 334.

2
. GHL, Journal, 12 August 1878,
Letters
, VII, 57.

3
.
Letters
, VII, 50.

4
. Quoted Haight,
George Eliot
, p. 514.

5
.
Letters
, VII, 78–9.

6
. Ibid., VII, 84.

7
. Ibid., IX, 244.

8
. Ibid., V, 8.

9
. Scott,
Autobiographical Notes
, II, 244.

10
. Quoted Laski,
George Eliot
, p. 97.

11
. Elizabeth Gaskell to George Smith, 2 November 1857,
The Letters of Mrs Gaskell
, ed.
J. A. V. Chappie and Arthur Pollard (Manchester, 1966), p.587.

12
.
Letters
, VII, 87.

13
. Ibid., IX, 247.

14
. Quoted Haight,
George Eliot
, p. 523.

15
.
Letters
, IX, 346.

16
. Simcox,
Autobiography
, 12 April 1879, McKenzie, p. 96.

17
. Ibid., 13 January 1879, quoted Haight,
George Eliot
, p. 516.

18
.
Letters
, VII, 93.

19
. Ibid., VII, 101.

20
. Ibid., VII, 99.

21
. Ibid., VII, 131.

22
. Ibid., VII, 101–2.

23
. GE, Diary, 23 February 1879, MS New York Public Library.

24
. Simcox,
Autobiography
, 30 November 1878,
Letters
, IX, 243.

25
. Ibid., 6 January 1878,
Letters
, IX, 256.

26
. Haight,
George Eliot
, p. 516.

27
. GE, Diary, 28 May 1879, MS New York Public Library.

28
.
Letters
, VII, 138n.

29
. Ibid., VII, 138.

30
. Ibid., VII, 143n.

31
. Ibid., VI, 390.

32
. See William Baker, ‘A New George Eliot Manuscript’ in
George Eliot: Centenary Essays and an Unpublished Fragment
, ed. Anne Smith (London, 1980), pp. 11, 13.

33
.
Letters
, VI, 440.

34
. Ibid., VII, 78–9.

35
.
Impressions of Theophrastus Such
(1879), ed. Nancy Henry (London, 1994), p. 6,1.

36
.
Theophrastus Such
, pp. 3–13,1.

37
.
The Times
, 5 June 1879, p. 4d.

38
.
Theophrastus Such
, pp. 143–66, XVIII.

39
. Ibid., pp. 14–27, II

40
. Ibid., p. 24, II.

41
.
Letters
, VII, 207.

42
. Ibid., VII, 217.

43
. Cross,
Life
, III, 360.

44
. Ibid., III, 359.

45
. Henry James to Alice James, 30 January 1881,
Henry James Letters
, II, 337.

46
.
Letters
, VII, 212.

47
. See Laski,
George Eliot
, p. 112.

48
. GE, Diary, 29 November 1879, MS New York Public Library.

49
.
Letters
, VII, 235.

50
. Lady Jebb,
With Dearest Love To All
(London, 1960), p. 163.

51
. GE, Diary, 9 April 1880, MS Yale.

52
. Ibid.

53
.
Letters
, VII, 259.

54
. Ibid., VII, 262–3.

55
. Quoted Haight,
George Eliot
, p. 537.

56
.
Letters
, VII, 269.

57
. Ibid., VII, 293.

58
. Quoted Haight,
George Eliot
, p. 543.

59
.
Letters
, VII, 275.

60
. Ibid., VII, 342.

61
. Ibid., VII, 299.

62
. Ibid., VII, 299.

63
. Ibid., VII, 273.

64
. Ibid., VII, 233.

65
. Ibid., VII, 289.

66
. Ibid., VII, 295–6.

67
. Ibid., VII, 280.

68
. Ibid., VII, 287.

69
. Ibid., VII, 286.

70
. Ibid., VII, 210, 296.

71
. Ibid., VII, 292.

72
. Simcox,
Autobiography
, 12 July 1880,
Letters
, IX, 314.

73
. Ibid., 16 April 1882, McKenzie, p. 122.

74
. Cross,
Life
, III, 407–8.

75
.
Letters
, VII, 276.

76
. Lady Jebb,
With Dearest Love To All
, pp. 163–4.

77
.
Letters
, VII, 341–2.

78
. Simcox,
Autobiography
, 23 December 1880,
Letters
, IX, 321.

79
.
Letters
, VI, 351.

80
. Quoted Haight,
George Eliot
, p. 548.

E
PILOGUE

1
.
Letters
, I, xiv.

2
.
Athenaeum
, No. 3031, 28 November 1885, 702.

3
. Baker, ‘A New George Eliot Manuscript’, pp. 11–13.

1. Manuscript Sources

The main manuscript sources for George Eliot (GE) and G. H. Lewes (GHL) are held at the Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library of Yale University. In addition, GE’s 1879 Diary is held at the New York Public Library. However, nearly all the letters have now appeared in print, either in
The George Eliot Letters
, 9 vols, ed. Gordon S. Haight (New Haven, 1954–78), or have been extensively quoted in the secondary literature which has appeared subsequently. Likewise the manuscript diaries and journals have been heavily extracted in Haight’s
George Eliot Letters
.

Robert Evans’s correspondence with his employer, Francis Newdigate, is held at the Warwickshire County Record Office (WCRO). The MS diary ‘Occurrences at Nuneaton’ 1810–45, writer unknown, is held at Nuneaton Public Library.

2. Works by George Eliot

Adam Bede
(1859), ed. Stephen Gill (Harmondsworth, 1980).

Brother Jacob
(1864), ed. Peter Mudford (London, 1996).

Collected Poems
, ed. Lucien Jenkins (London, 1989).

Daniel Deronda
(1876), ed. Barbara Hardy (Harmondsworth, 1967).

Essays of George Eliot
, ed. Thomas Pinney (New York, 1963).

Essays and Leaves from a Note-Book By George Eliot
(London, 1883).

(trans.)
The Essence of Christianity
by Ludwig Feuerbach (London, 1854).

(trans.)
Ethics
by Benedict de Spinoza, ed. Thomas Deegan (Salzburg, 1981).

Felix Holt, The Radical
(1866), ed. Peter Coveney (Harmondsworth, 1972).

George Eliot: A Writer’s Notebook 1854–79, and Uncollected Writings
, ed. Joseph Wiesenfarth (Charlottesville, Virginia, 1981).

George Eliot, Selected Critical Writings
, ed. Rosemary Ashton (Oxford, 1992).

George Eliot: Selected Essays, Poems and Other Writings
, ed. A. S. Byatt and Nicholas Warren (Harmondsworth, 1990).

Impressions of Theophrastus Such
(1879), ed. Nancy Henry (London, 1994).

(trans.)
The Life of Jesus, Critically Examined
by David Friedrich Strauss, 3 vols. (London, 1846).

The Lifted Veil
(1859), ed. Peter Mudford (London, 1996).

Middlemarch
(1871–2), ed. Rosemary Ashton (Harmondsworth, 1994).

The Mill on the Floss
(1860), ed. A. S. Byatt (Harmondsworth, 1979).

Romola
(1863), ed. Andrew Sanders (Harmondsworth, 1980).

Scenes of Clerical Life
(1858), ed. David Lodge (Harmondsworth, 1973).

Silas Marner
(1861), ed. Q. D. Leavis (Harmondsworth, 1967).

The most reliable collected edition of GE’s works is the Cabinet Edition, published by William Blackwood and Sons, 20 vols, 1878–80, which she corrected herself before her death.

3. Books and Articles

Acton, Lord, ‘George Eliot’s “Life”’,
Nineteenth Century
17 (March 1885).

Adams, Ian,
This Particular Web
(Toronto, 1975).

Adams, Kathleen,
Those of Us Who Loved Her: The Men in George Eliot’s Life
(Warwick, 1980).

Anderson, Nancy Fix,
Women Against Women in Victorian England: A Life of Eliza Lynn Linton
(Bloomington, Indiana, 1987).

Ashton, Rosemary,
G. H. Lewes: A Life
(Oxford, 1991).

—
George Eliot: A Life
(London, 1996).

—
George Eliot
(Oxford, 1983).

—‘New George Eliot Letters at the Huntington’,
Huntington Library Quarterly
, LIV (Spring 1991).

Baker, William,
George Eliot and Judaism
(Salzburg, 1975).

—
The George Eliot-George Henry Lewes Library: An Annotated Catalogue of Their Books at Dr Williams’s Library, London
(London, 1977).

—‘A New George Eliot Manuscript’,
George Eliot: Centenary Essays and an Unpublished Fragment
, ed. Anne Smith (London, 1980).

Barrett, Dorothea,
Vocation and Desire, George Eliot’s Heroines
(London, 1989).

Beer, Gillian,
Darwin’s Plots: Evolutionary Narrative in Darwin, George Eliot and Nineteenth-Century Fiction
(London, 1983).

—
George Eliot
(Brighton, 1986).

Belloc, Bessie Rayner Parkes,
In a Walled Garden
(London, 1895).

Blind, Mathilde,
George Eliot
(London, 1883).

Bodenheimer, Rosemarie,
The Real Life of Mary Ann Evans: George Eliot, Her Letters and Fiction
(Ithaca, 1994).

Bonaparte, Felicia,
The Triptych and the Cross
(Brighton, 1979).

Brady, Kristin,
George Eliot
(London, 1992).

Bray, Charles,
Phases of Opinion and Experience during a Long Life
(London, 1884).

—
The Philosophy of Necessity
, 2 vols (London, 1841).

Browning, Oscar,
Life of George Eliot
(London, 1890).

Carlyle, Jane Welsh,
Letters to Her Family, 1839–63
, ed. Leonard Huxley (London, 1924).

Carroll, David,
George Eliot and the Conflict of Interpretations
(Cambridge, 1992).

—(ed.),
George Eliot: The Critical Heritage
(London, 1977).

Cross, J. W.,
George Eliot’s Life as Related in Her Letters and Journals
, 3 vols (Edinburgh and London, 1885; reprinted with additions, 1886).

Darwin, Charles,
Origin of Species
(London, 1859).

David, Deirdre,
Intellectual Women and Victorian Patriarchy: Harriet Martineau, Elizabeth Barrett Browning, George Eliot
(London, 1987).

Dentith, Simon,
George Eliot
(Brighton, 1986).

Dodd, Valerie A.,
George Eliot: An Intellectual Life
(London, 1990).

Faderman, Lillian,
Surpassing the Love of Men: Romantic Friendship and Love Between Women from the Renaissance to the Present
(New York, 1981).

Fisher, Philip,
Making Up Society: The Novels of George Eliot
(London, 1981).

Froude, J. A.,
The Nemesis of Faith
(London, 1849, reprinted with an introduction by Rosemary Ashton, 1988).

Gaskell, Elizabeth,
The Letters of Mrs Gaskell
, ed. J. A. V. Chappie and Arthur Pollard (Manchester, 1966).

Graver, Suzanne,
George Eliot and Community: A Study in Social Theory and Fictional Form
(Berkeley, 1984).

Haight, Gordon S. (ed.),
A Century of George Eliot Criticism
(London, 1966).

—
George Eliot: A Biography
(Oxford, 1968; Harmondsworth, 1992).

—
George Eliot and John Chapman
(London, 1940).

—‘George Eliot’s Bastards’,
George Eliot: A Centenary Tribute
, ed. Gordon S. Haight and Rosemary T. VanArsdel (London, 1982).

Handley, Graham,
George Eliot: A Guide through the Critical Maze
(Bristol, 1990).

Hands, Timothy,
A George Eliot Chronology
(London, 1989).

Hardy, Barbara (ed.),
Critical Essays on George Eliot
(London, 1970).

—
The Novels of George Eliot: A Study in Form
(London, 1959).

—
Particularities
(London, 1982).

Hennell, Charles C.,
An Inquiry Concerning the Origin of Christianity
(London, 1838, 2nd edition 1841).

Hirsch, Pam,
Barbara Leigh Smith Bodichon
(London, 1998).

Hutchinson, Stuart (ed.),
George Eliot: Critical Assessments
(London, 1996).

James, Henry,
Letters of Henry James
, ed. Leon Edel, 4 vols (London 1974–84).

Jay, Elisabeth,
Mrs Oliphant: A Fiction to Herself
(Oxford, 1995).

Karl, Frederick,
George Eliot: A Biography
(London, 1995).

Kitchel, Anna,
George Lewes and George Eliot
(New York, 1933).

Knoepflmacher, U. C.,
George Eliot’s Early Novels: The Limits of Realism
(Berkeley, 1968).

Laski, Marghanita,
George Eliot and Her World
(London, 1973, reprinted 1978).

Layard, George Somes,
The Life of Mrs Lynn Linton
(London, 1901).

Leavis, F. R.,
The Great Tradition
(London, 1948).

Levine, George, with the assistance of Patricia O’Hara,
An Annotated Critical Bibliography of George Eliot
(Brighton, 1988).

Lewes, George Henry,
A Biographical History of Philosophy
, 4 vols (London, 1845–6).

—
The Letters of George Henry Lewes
, ed. William Baker, 2 vols (Victoria, British Columbia, 1995).

—
The Life and Works of Goethe
, 2 vols (London, 1855).

—
The Physiology of Common Life
, 2 vols (London, 1859–60).

—
Problems of Life and Mind
, 5 vols (London, 1874–9).

Linton, Eliza Lynn,
The Autobiography of Christopher Kirkland
, 3 vols (London, 1885).

—
My Literary Life
(London, 1899).

Lowndes, Susan (ed.),
Diaries and Letters of Marie Belloc Lowndes 1911–1947
(London, 1971).

—
I, Too, Have Lived in Arcadia
(London, 1941).

McKenzie, K. A.,
Edith Simcox and George Eliot
(Oxford, 1961).

McSweeney, Kerry,
George Eliot: A Literary Life
(London, 1991).

Martin, Carol A.,
George Eliot’s Serial Fiction
(Columbus, Ohio, 1994).

Martineau, Harriet,
Autobiography
, 2 vols. (London, 1877).

Mintz, Alan,
George Eliot & the Novel of Vocation
(London, 1978).

Mottram, William,
The True Story of George Eliot in Relation to ‘Adam Bede
’ (London, 1905).

Myers, F. W. H.,
Essays
, 2 vols. (London, 1883).

Myers, William,
The Teaching of George Eliot
(Leicester, 1984).

Nestor, Pauline,
Female Friendships and Communities
(London, 1985).

Newdigate-Newdegate, Lady,
The Cheverels of Cheverel Manor
(London, 1898).

Newton, K. M.,
George Eliot, Romantic Humanist: A Study of the Philosophical Structure of Her Novels
(1981).

Oliphant, Margaret,
Autobiography and Letters
, ed. Mrs Haley Coghill (Edinburgh, 1899).

Parkinson, S.,
Scenes from the ‘George Eliot’ Country
(Leeds, 1888).

Paxton, Nancy L.,
George Eliot and Herbert Spencer: Feminism, Evolutionism, and the Reconstruction of Gender
(Oxford, 1991).

Purkis, John,
A Preface to George Eliot
(London, 1985).

Redinger, Ruby,
George Eliot: The Emergent Self
(London, 1976).

Rose, Phyllis,
Parallel Lives: Five Victorian Marriages
(London, 1984).

Scott, William Bell,
Autobiographical Notes
, ed. W. Minto, 2 vols. (London, 1892).

Shuttleworth, Sally,
George Eliot and Nineteenth-Century Science
(Cambridge, 1984).

Smith, Anne, ed.,
George Eliot: Centenary Essays and an Unpublished Fragment
, ed. Anne Smith (London, 1980).

Spencer, Herbert,
An Autobiography, 2
vols. (London, 1904).

—
The Life and Letters of Herbert Spencer
, ed. David Duncan (London, 1908).

Spittles, Brian,
George Eliot: Godless Woman
(London, 1993).

Stephen, Leslie,
George Eliot
(London, 1902).

Sutherland, John,
Victorian Fiction: Writers, Publishers, Readers
(London, 1995).

Taylor, Ina,
George Eliot: Woman of Contradictions
(London, 1989).

Trollope, Thomas Adolphus,
What I Remember, 2
vols. (London, 1887).

Uglow, Jennifer,
George Eliot
(London, 1987).

Ward, Mrs Humphry,
A Writer’s Recollections
, 2 vols. (London, 1918).

Webb, R. K.,
Harriet Martineau: A Radical Victorian
(London, 1960).

White, William Hale,
The Autobiography of Mark Rutherford
(London, 1881, reprinted 1988).

Witemeyer, Hugh,
George Eliot and the Visual Arts
(London, 1979).

Wright, T. R.,
The Religion of Humanity: The Impact of Comtean Positivism on Victorian Britain
(Cambridge 1986).