Genius of Place (68 page)
Authors: Justin Martin
228
137,000 beds:
George Adams, “Fighting for Time,” in
The Image of War, 1861â1865
, vol. 4 (Washington, DC: National Historical Society, 1957).
137,000 beds:
George Adams, “Fighting for Time,” in
The Image of War, 1861â1865
, vol. 4 (Washington, DC: National Historical Society, 1957).
228
“inestimable blessings and benefits”:
Stillé,
History of the United States Sanitary Commission
, 180â181.
“inestimable blessings and benefits”:
Stillé,
History of the United States Sanitary Commission
, 180â181.
229
“mid-wife to the Red Cross”:
Maxwell,
Lincoln's Fifth Wheel
, 276.
Chapter 19: Gold Dust“mid-wife to the Red Cross”:
Maxwell,
Lincoln's Fifth Wheel
, 276.
232
“perhaps the finest mining”:
Horace Greeley,
An Overland Journey, from New York to San Francisco
(New York: C. A. Avord, 1860), 319.
“perhaps the finest mining”:
Horace Greeley,
An Overland Journey, from New York to San Francisco
(New York: C. A. Avord, 1860), 319.
232
The 44,387 acres:
The Mariposa Company
, prospectus, 3.
The 44,387 acres:
The Mariposa Company
, prospectus, 3.
233
“Why, when I came to California”:
Samuel Bowles,
Across the Continent: A Summer's Journey to the Rocky Mountains, the Mormons, and the Pacific States
(Springfield, MA: Samuel Bowles, 1865), 312.
“Why, when I came to California”:
Samuel Bowles,
Across the Continent: A Summer's Journey to the Rocky Mountains, the Mormons, and the Pacific States
(Springfield, MA: Samuel Bowles, 1865), 312.
233
“There seems to be no limit”:
The Mariposa Company
, prospectus, 67.
“There seems to be no limit”:
The Mariposa Company
, prospectus, 67.
233
$10,000 salary in gold:
Details of Olmsted's compensation drawn from FLO to JO, August 10, 1863, and
The Papers of Frederick Law Olmsted
, vol. 5,
The California Frontier
(Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1990), 6.
$10,000 salary in gold:
Details of Olmsted's compensation drawn from FLO to JO, August 10, 1863, and
The Papers of Frederick Law Olmsted
, vol. 5,
The California Frontier
(Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1990), 6.
234
“The steamer on the Atlantic”:
FLO's travel journal, New York to San Francisco, reprinted in
Papers
, 5:72.
“The steamer on the Atlantic”:
FLO's travel journal, New York to San Francisco, reprinted in
Papers
, 5:72.
235
“makes all our model scenery”:
FLO to MPO, September 25, 1863.
“makes all our model scenery”:
FLO to MPO, September 25, 1863.
235
“Remember to point out”:
Ibid.
“Remember to point out”:
Ibid.
235
“It's Fifth Avenue”:
Ibid.
“It's Fifth Avenue”:
Ibid.
236
“would under favorable natural”:
FLO to Ignaz Pilat, September 26, 1863, reprinted in FLO Jr. and Theodora Kimball, eds.,
Forty Years of Landscape Architecture
, vol. 2 (New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1922), 347.
“would under favorable natural”:
FLO to Ignaz Pilat, September 26, 1863, reprinted in FLO Jr. and Theodora Kimball, eds.,
Forty Years of Landscape Architecture
, vol. 2 (New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1922), 347.
236
“a dead flat, dead brown”:
FLO to MPO, October 14, 1863.
“a dead flat, dead brown”:
FLO to MPO, October 14, 1863.
237
Olmsted checked into Oso House:
Description of Oso House and many Bear Valley details drawn from FLO to MPO, October 14, 1863, and FLO to JO, February 14, 1864.
Olmsted checked into Oso House:
Description of Oso House and many Bear Valley details drawn from FLO to MPO, October 14, 1863, and FLO to JO, February 14, 1864.
238
Mariposa was a high-tech operation:
Description of mines drawn partly from FLO to JO, February 11, 1864, and interview on October 22, 2009, JM with Randy Bolt, historical guide for California state parks.
Mariposa was a high-tech operation:
Description of mines drawn partly from FLO to JO, February 11, 1864, and interview on October 22, 2009, JM with Randy Bolt, historical guide for California state parks.
238
profit of $50,000 per month:
Official Report of J. Ross Browne, U.S. Commissioner, & c., upon the Mineral Resources of the Mariposa Estate
, 7.
profit of $50,000 per month:
Official Report of J. Ross Browne, U.S. Commissioner, & c., upon the Mineral Resources of the Mariposa Estate
, 7.
238
“These facts, all new”:
FLO to James Hoy, October 19, 1863.
“These facts, all new”:
FLO to James Hoy, October 19, 1863.
239
“Things are worse here”:
FLO to MPO, October 31, 1863.
“Things are worse here”:
FLO to MPO, October 31, 1863.
239
“I can make nothing”:
FLO to Frederick Knapp, November 21, 1863.
“I can make nothing”:
FLO to Frederick Knapp, November 21, 1863.
240
California
, he was certain:
FLO to MPO, October 15, 1863.
California
, he was certain:
FLO to MPO, October 15, 1863.
240
“Evening services”:
Ibid.
“Evening services”:
Ibid.
240
a recurring dream:
Harriet Errington Diary
, March 17, 1864, entry, Loeb Library.
a recurring dream:
Harriet Errington Diary
, March 17, 1864, entry, Loeb Library.
241
“I think something”:
FLO to Frederick Knapp, November 21, 1863.
“I think something”:
FLO to Frederick Knapp, November 21, 1863.
241
“My special object”:
Vaux to FLO, October 19, 1863, reprinted in
Papers
, 5:114.
“My special object”:
Vaux to FLO, October 19, 1863, reprinted in
Papers
, 5:114.
242
“superior education in certain directions”:
FLO to Vaux, November 26, 1863.
“superior education in certain directions”:
FLO to Vaux, November 26, 1863.
243
“helps to strengthen”:
FLO to JO, January 1, 1864.
“helps to strengthen”:
FLO to JO, January 1, 1864.
243
“Think of it as 13 times”:
FLO to MPO, October 15, 1863.
Chapter 20: Yosemite“Think of it as 13 times”:
FLO to MPO, October 15, 1863.
244
“He (Fremont) seems”:
FLO to JO, October 30, 1863.
“He (Fremont) seems”:
FLO to JO, October 30, 1863.
244
Grass Valley section:
Contrast with Grass Valley provided during interview, on October 22, 2009, JM with Randy Bolt, historical guide for California state parks.
Grass Valley section:
Contrast with Grass Valley provided during interview, on October 22, 2009, JM with Randy Bolt, historical guide for California state parks.
245
Olmsted cut the miners' wages:
FLO to George Farlee, March 1, 1864.
Olmsted cut the miners' wages:
FLO to George Farlee, March 1, 1864.
245
“They hate regularity”:
FLO to James Hoy, March 2, 1864.
“They hate regularity”:
FLO to James Hoy, March 2, 1864.
245
Israel Raymond sent a letter:
Israel Raymond to John Conness, February 20, 1864, reprinted in Hans Huth, “Yosemite: The Story of an Idea.”
Israel Raymond sent a letter:
Israel Raymond to John Conness, February 20, 1864, reprinted in Hans Huth, “Yosemite: The Story of an Idea.”
247
“I know what stage say”:
FLO Jr. interview by Laura Wood Roper, Library of Congress.
“I know what stage say”:
FLO Jr. interview by Laura Wood Roper, Library of Congress.
247
“I was very busy sewing”:
JCO's Mariposa Journal, June 30, 1864, Loeb Library.
“I was very busy sewing”:
JCO's Mariposa Journal, June 30, 1864, Loeb Library.
247
“Marion House”:
Francis Kowsky,
Country, Park, and City: The Architecture and Life of Calvert Vaux
(New York: Oxford University Press, 1998), 163.
“Marion House”:
Francis Kowsky,
Country, Park, and City: The Architecture and Life of Calvert Vaux
(New York: Oxford University Press, 1998), 163.
248
On March 25, 1851:
Details of Yosemite in the 1850s partly drawn from Ralph Kuykendall,
Early History of Yosemite Valley, California
(Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1919).
On March 25, 1851:
Details of Yosemite in the 1850s partly drawn from Ralph Kuykendall,
Early History of Yosemite Valley, California
(Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1919).
249
Carleton Watkins:
Details about photographer drawn partly from “Carleton E. Watkins, Pioneer Photographer of the Pacific Coast,”
Yosemite Nature Notes
(April 1953).
Carleton Watkins:
Details about photographer drawn partly from “Carleton E. Watkins, Pioneer Photographer of the Pacific Coast,”
Yosemite Nature Notes
(April 1953).
249
“Seven Weeks in the Great Yo-Semite”:
Atlantic
, June 1864.
“Seven Weeks in the Great Yo-Semite”:
Atlantic
, June 1864.
249
Indians began to gather:
Details of Miwok gathering from FLO, “Notes on the Pioneer Condition,” reprinted in
Papers
, 5:649â650.
Indians began to gather:
Details of Miwok gathering from FLO, “Notes on the Pioneer Condition,” reprinted in
Papers
, 5:649â650.
250
“probably the noblest tree”:
FLO, “Yosemite and the Mariposa Grove: A Preliminary Report, 1865,” accessed online at
http://yosemite.ca.us
.
“probably the noblest tree”:
FLO, “Yosemite and the Mariposa Grove: A Preliminary Report, 1865,” accessed online at
http://yosemite.ca.us
.
250
“Previous expectationsâphotographs, sketches”:
FLO, “Plan of Narrative for Clarks & Yo Semite, & c,” July 30, 1864.
“Previous expectationsâphotographs, sketches”:
FLO, “Plan of Narrative for Clarks & Yo Semite, & c,” July 30, 1864.
251
“The union of the deepest sublimity”:
FLO, “Yosemite and the Mariposa Grove.”
“The union of the deepest sublimity”:
FLO, “Yosemite and the Mariposa Grove.”
252
As for choosing the committee:
“The Yosemite Valley and the Mariposa Big Trees,” introductory note by Laura Wood Roper,
Landscape Architecture
, October 1952.
As for choosing the committee:
“The Yosemite Valley and the Mariposa Big Trees,” introductory note by Laura Wood Roper,
Landscape Architecture
, October 1952.
252
“There should be no”:
FLO to Clarence King, October 23, 1864.
“There should be no”:
FLO to Clarence King, October 23, 1864.
252
Recently, he had sold a block:
Papers
, 5:307.
Recently, he had sold a block:
Papers
, 5:307.
252
He was alarmed by how quickly:
FLO to JO, October 30, 1863.
Chapter 21:He was alarmed by how quickly:
FLO to JO, October 30, 1863.
Un
settled in the West
255
“The highlight of the trial”:
New York Times
, December 22, 1864.
“The highlight of the trial”:
New York Times
, December 22, 1864.
255
“Was any unfair advantage”:
Ibid.
“Was any unfair advantage”:
Ibid.
255
“I-I-I think not”:
Account of stammering and its impact from Allan Nevins,
Frémont: The West's Greatest Adventurer
, vol. 2 (New York: Harper and Bros., 1928), 670.
“I-I-I think not”:
Account of stammering and its impact from Allan Nevins,
Frémont: The West's Greatest Adventurer
, vol. 2 (New York: Harper and Bros., 1928), 670.
255
traded as high as $45:
New York Times
, January 25, 1865.
traded as high as $45:
New York Times
, January 25, 1865.
256
the first Olmsted heard of the Opdyke-Weed libel trial:
FLO to Edwin Godkin, January 9, 1865, reprinted in
Papers
, 5:292.
the first Olmsted heard of the Opdyke-Weed libel trial:
FLO to Edwin Godkin, January 9, 1865, reprinted in
Papers
, 5:292.
256
Olmsted gathered up $4,000:
Ibid.
Olmsted gathered up $4,000:
Ibid.
256
Olmsted had sold much of his stock:
Papers
, 5:307.
Olmsted had sold much of his stock:
Papers
, 5:307.
256
“I have made no progress”:
FLO to MPO, January 18, 1865.
“I have made no progress”:
FLO to MPO, January 18, 1865.
257
“Should a few guarantee”:
Text of telegram appears in
Papers
, 5:305n7.
“Should a few guarantee”:
Text of telegram appears in
Papers
, 5:305n7.
257
“Bunsbyish impertinence”:
FLO to Edwin Godkin, January 26, 1865, reprinted in ibid., 310.
“Bunsbyish impertinence”:
FLO to Edwin Godkin, January 26, 1865, reprinted in ibid., 310.
258
“But, today, singing
Glory! Hallelujah!
”:
FLO to Frederick Knapp, April 9, 1865, reprinted in ibid., 349.
“But, today, singing
Glory! Hallelujah!
”:
FLO to Frederick Knapp, April 9, 1865, reprinted in ibid., 349.
259
“I have never seen”:
FLO to JO, April 29, 1865.
“I have never seen”:
FLO to JO, April 29, 1865.
259
“I can't help feeling”:
FLO to Frederick Knapp, April 16, 1865, reprinted in
Papers
, 5:353.
“I can't help feeling”:
FLO to Frederick Knapp, April 16, 1865, reprinted in
Papers
, 5:353.
259
“At any rate”:
Ibid.
“At any rate”:
Ibid.
259
“I would do so simply”:
FLO to MPO, April 16, 1865.
“I would do so simply”:
FLO to MPO, April 16, 1865.
260
elected in abstentia:
FLO to JO, February 11, 1865.
elected in abstentia:
FLO to JO, February 11, 1865.
260
“The business is one promising extraordinary profits”:
FLO,
The Production of Wine in California: Particularly Referring to the Establishment of the Buena Vista Vinicultural Society
, AprilâMay 1865, reprinted in
Papers
, 5:337.
“The business is one promising extraordinary profits”:
FLO,
The Production of Wine in California: Particularly Referring to the Establishment of the Buena Vista Vinicultural Society
, AprilâMay 1865, reprinted in
Papers
, 5:337.
262
“Being an evergreen”:
FLO,
Preface to the Plan for Mountain View Cemetery
, May 1865, reprinted in ibid., 480.
“Being an evergreen”:
FLO,
Preface to the Plan for Mountain View Cemetery
, May 1865, reprinted in ibid., 480.
263
“I trust you are getting”:
Vaux to FLO, May 10, 1865, reprinted in
Papers
, 5:359.
“I trust you are getting”:
Vaux to FLO, May 10, 1865, reprinted in
Papers
, 5:359.
264
“I love beautiful landscapes”:
FLO to Vaux, June 8, 1865, reprinted in ibid., 390.
“I love beautiful landscapes”:
FLO to Vaux, June 8, 1865, reprinted in ibid., 390.
264
“Nobody cares two straws”:
Vaux to FLO, May 20, 1865.
“Nobody cares two straws”:
Vaux to FLO, May 20, 1865.
264
“A scheme that can be upset”:
Vaux to FLO, July 6, 1865.
“A scheme that can be upset”:
Vaux to FLO, July 6, 1865.
264
“Your objection to the plan”:
Vaux to FLO, July 8, 1865.
“Your objection to the plan”:
Vaux to FLO, July 8, 1865.
264
“stubborn cemetery maker in California”:
Vaux to FLO, May 30, 1865.
“stubborn cemetery maker in California”:
Vaux to FLO, May 30, 1865.
264
“Frederick the Great, Prince”:
Vaux to FLO, July 31, 1865.
“Frederick the Great, Prince”:
Vaux to FLO, July 31, 1865.
265
“If I go on and do Brooklyn alone”:
Vaux to FLO, May 20, 1865.
“If I go on and do Brooklyn alone”:
Vaux to FLO, May 20, 1865.
265
Scott's tenure as president:
Papers
, 5:418.
Scott's tenure as president:
Papers
, 5:418.
265
eve of World War II:
Interview on October 22, 2009, JM with Randy Bolt, historical guide for California state parks.
eve of World War II:
Interview on October 22, 2009, JM with Randy Bolt, historical guide for California state parks.
265
“Its business history”:
Nevins,
Frémont
, 2:445.
“Its business history”:
Nevins,
Frémont
, 2:445.
265
Hot on the heels:
Olmsted didn't receive Vaux's letters saying he'd won the Prospect Park design commission (June 22, 1865) and saying the Central Park board was ready to reappoint them landscape architects (July 21, 1865) until after he'd received Scott's letter that cut his ties to the Mariposa Company, according to
Papers
, 5:419.
Hot on the heels:
Olmsted didn't receive Vaux's letters saying he'd won the Prospect Park design commission (June 22, 1865) and saying the Central Park board was ready to reappoint them landscape architects (July 21, 1865) until after he'd received Scott's letter that cut his ties to the Mariposa Company, according to
Papers
, 5:419.
266
Olmsted replied at once:
FLO to Vaux, August 1, 1865, NYPL.
Olmsted replied at once:
FLO to Vaux, August 1, 1865, NYPL.
266
as well as Samuel Bowles:
Details drawn partly from George Merriam,
The Life and Times of Samuel Bowles
(New York: Century, 1885)
.
as well as Samuel Bowles:
Details drawn partly from George Merriam,
The Life and Times of Samuel Bowles
(New York: Century, 1885)
.
266
sang . . . Civil War anthems:
Samuel Bowles,
Across the Continent: A Summer's Journey to the Rocky Mountains, the Mormons, and the Pacific States
(Springfield, MA: Samuel Bowles, 1865), 232.
sang . . . Civil War anthems:
Samuel Bowles,
Across the Continent: A Summer's Journey to the Rocky Mountains, the Mormons, and the Pacific States
(Springfield, MA: Samuel Bowles, 1865), 232.
267
“Yosemite should be held”:
“Yosemite and the Mariposa Grove: A Preliminary Report, 1865,” accessed online at
http://yosemite.ca.us
.
“Yosemite should be held”:
“Yosemite and the Mariposa Grove: A Preliminary Report, 1865,” accessed online at
http://yosemite.ca.us
.
267
“Before many years”:
Ibid.
“Before many years”:
Ibid.
267
“The establishment by the government”:
Ibid.
“The establishment by the government”:
Ibid.
268
Several of them wound up writing books:
See also Albert Deane Richardson,
Beyond the Mississippi: From the Great River to the Great Ocean: Life and Adventure on the Prairies, Mountains, and Pacific Coast
(Hartford, CT: American Publishing, 1869).
Chapter 22: New ProspectsSeveral of them wound up writing books:
See also Albert Deane Richardson,
Beyond the Mississippi: From the Great River to the Great Ocean: Life and Adventure on the Prairies, Mountains, and Pacific Coast
(Hartford, CT: American Publishing, 1869).
271
“Whether bursting the fast”:
Clay Lancaster,
Prospect Park Handbook
(New York: Greensward Foundation, 1988), 24.
“Whether bursting the fast”:
Clay Lancaster,
Prospect Park Handbook
(New York: Greensward Foundation, 1988), 24.
271
In January 1865:
Richard Berenson and Neil Demause,
The Complete Illustrated Guidebook to Prospect Park and the Brooklyn Botanic Gardens
(New York: Silver Lining Books, 2001), 25.
In January 1865:
Richard Berenson and Neil Demause,
The Complete Illustrated Guidebook to Prospect Park and the Brooklyn Botanic Gardens
(New York: Silver Lining Books, 2001), 25.
272
view was breathtaking:
Account of view in 1860s drawn from multiple sources including
Brooklyn Eagle
, April 27, 1867.
view was breathtaking:
Account of view in 1860s drawn from multiple sources including
Brooklyn Eagle
, April 27, 1867.
273
“Here is a suggestion”:
FLO and Vaux,
Preliminary Report for Laying Out a Park in Brooklyn
, 1866, reprinted in
Landscape into Cityscape: Frederick Law Olmsted's Plans for a Greater New York
(Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1968), 108.
“Here is a suggestion”:
FLO and Vaux,
Preliminary Report for Laying Out a Park in Brooklyn
, 1866, reprinted in
Landscape into Cityscape: Frederick Law Olmsted's Plans for a Greater New York
(Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1968), 108.
273
claret and orange-juice punch:
Francis Kowsky,
Country, Park, and City: The Architecture and Life of Calvert Vaux
(New York: Oxford University Press, 1998), 175.
claret and orange-juice punch:
Francis Kowsky,
Country, Park, and City: The Architecture and Life of Calvert Vaux
(New York: Oxford University Press, 1998), 175.
274
dreamed up a radical solution:
Description of Olmsted's design for a San Francisco park drawn from
Preliminary Report in Regard to a Plan of Public Pleasure Grounds for the City of San Francisco
, 1866, reprinted in
Papers
, 5:518â543.
dreamed up a radical solution:
Description of Olmsted's design for a San Francisco park drawn from
Preliminary Report in Regard to a Plan of Public Pleasure Grounds for the City of San Francisco
, 1866, reprinted in
Papers
, 5:518â543.
274
For the College of California:
Details of Olmsted's design for this college drawn from
Report upon a Projected Improvement of the Estate of the College of California
,
at Berkeley, Near Oakland
, 1866, reprinted in ibid., 546â570.
For the College of California:
Details of Olmsted's design for this college drawn from
Report upon a Projected Improvement of the Estate of the College of California
,
at Berkeley, Near Oakland
, 1866, reprinted in ibid., 546â570.
274
“I like the plan myself”:
Henry Coon to FLO, June 29, 1866.
“I like the plan myself”:
Henry Coon to FLO, June 29, 1866.
275
Launching a new publication:
Details of the
Nation
's founding drawn from multiple sources, including William Armstrong, “The Freedmen's Movement and the Founding of the
Nation
,”
Journal of American History
(March 1967).
Launching a new publication:
Details of the
Nation
's founding drawn from multiple sources, including William Armstrong, “The Freedmen's Movement and the Founding of the
Nation
,”
Journal of American History
(March 1967).
275
“substantially the same”:
Ibid.
“substantially the same”:
Ibid.
276
“Olmsted's coming in relieves”:
Edwin Godkin to Charles Eliot Norton, January 15, 1866, reprinted in Rollo Ogden,
The Life and Letters of Edwin Lawrence Godkin
, vol. 1 (New York: Macmillan, 1907), 243.
“Olmsted's coming in relieves”:
Edwin Godkin to Charles Eliot Norton, January 15, 1866, reprinted in Rollo Ogden,
The Life and Letters of Edwin Lawrence Godkin
, vol. 1 (New York: Macmillan, 1907), 243.
277
articles on various agricultural topics:
See “The Progress of Horticulture,”
Nation
, March 1, 1866.
articles on various agricultural topics:
See “The Progress of Horticulture,”
Nation
, March 1, 1866.
277
article on the migration from farm to city:
See “The Future of Great Cities,”
Nation
, February 22, 1866.
article on the migration from farm to city:
See “The Future of Great Cities,”
Nation
, February 22, 1866.
277
piece about proper nutrition for soldiers:
Nation
, January 18, 1866.
piece about proper nutrition for soldiers:
Nation
, January 18, 1866.
277
There was a review of
Short Sermons
:
Nation
, May 8, 1866.
There was a review of
Short Sermons
:
Nation
, May 8, 1866.
277
a review of Samuel Bowles:
Nation
, January 11, 1866.
a review of Samuel Bowles:
Nation
, January 11, 1866.
Other books
A Crimson Dawn by Janet MacLeod Trotter
Stone - Big Girls & Bad Boys by D. H. Cameron
Liquid Desires by Edward Sklepowich
An American Werewolf in Hoboken by Dakota Cassidy
El mensaje que llegó en una botella by Jussi Adler-Olsen
Question Quest by Anthony, Piers
The Devil Made Me Do It by James, Amelia
Rhal Part 1 (Scifi Alien Serial Romance) (The Ujal) by Erin Tate
Salem's Sight by Eden Elgabri
Vuelo final by Follett Ken
