Freedom Summer (55 page)
Chapter 8. “The Summer of Our Discontent”
CHAPTER NINE:
“Lay by Time”
191
“How the ghosts of those three”:
Martinez,
Letters from Mississippi
, p. 216.
“How the ghosts of those three”:
Martinez,
Letters from Mississippi
, p. 216.
191
“I believe with all my heart”:
Mars,
Witness in Philadelphia
, p. 105.
“I believe with all my heart”:
Mars,
Witness in Philadelphia
, p. 105.
191
“I just hope”:
Ibid.
“I just hope”:
Ibid.
191
“If they were murdered”: Jackson Clarion-Ledger
, August 4, 1964.
“If they were murdered”: Jackson Clarion-Ledger
, August 4, 1964.
192
the grinding “hog”:
Tucker,
Mississippi from Within
, p. 43.
the grinding “hog”:
Tucker,
Mississippi from Within
, p. 43.
192
“real rednecks”: Delta Democrat-Times
, August 6, 1964.
“real rednecks”: Delta Democrat-Times
, August 6, 1964.
192
“everyone who had been”:
Cagin and Dray,
We Are Not Afraid
, p. 374.
“everyone who had been”:
Cagin and Dray,
We Are Not Afraid
, p. 374.
192
“Nigger,” Rainey shouted:
Whitehead,
Attack on Terror
, p. 114.
“Nigger,” Rainey shouted:
Whitehead,
Attack on Terror
, p. 114.
193
“the tipoff boys were waiting”: Meridian Star
, August 6, 1964.
“the tipoff boys were waiting”: Meridian Star
, August 6, 1964.
193
“a prolific letter writer”: New York Times
, August 7, 1964.
“a prolific letter writer”: New York Times
, August 7, 1964.
193
“have the money ready”:
Cartha “Deke” DeLoach,
Hoover’s FBI: The Inside Story by Hoover’s Trusted Lieutenant
(Washington, D.C.: Regnery, 1995), p. 185.
“have the money ready”:
Cartha “Deke” DeLoach,
Hoover’s FBI: The Inside Story by Hoover’s Trusted Lieutenant
(Washington, D.C.: Regnery, 1995), p. 185.
194
“I realize it may sound foolish”: New York Times
, August 9, 1964.
“I realize it may sound foolish”: New York Times
, August 9, 1964.
194
“Only a fool would be happy”:
Ibid.
“Only a fool would be happy”:
Ibid.
195
“mother wit”:
Blackwell,
Barefootin’
, p. 19.
“mother wit”:
Blackwell,
Barefootin’
, p. 19.
195
“Get the white man out”:
Dr. Stacy White, e-mail correspondence, May 20, 2008.
“Get the white man out”:
Dr. Stacy White, e-mail correspondence, May 20, 2008.
195
“Where have you people been?”:
Sugarman,
Stranger at the Gates
, p. 173.
“Where have you people been?”:
Sugarman,
Stranger at the Gates
, p. 173.
195
“Hello, Item Base”:
Winn, interview, November 13, 2007.
“Hello, Item Base”:
Winn, interview, November 13, 2007.
195
“To be quite frank with you”:
Winn, correspondence, n.d.
“To be quite frank with you”:
Winn, correspondence, n.d.
195
“Be very careful”:
Winn, correspondence, August 18, 1964.
“Be very careful”:
Winn, correspondence, August 18, 1964.
196
“counting them like a jail sentence”:
Winn, correspondence, August 13, 1964.
“counting them like a jail sentence”:
Winn, correspondence, August 13, 1964.
196
“wasn’t going to turn the government over”:
Williams, correspondence, July 13, 1964.
“wasn’t going to turn the government over”:
Williams, correspondence, July 13, 1964.
196
“very violent town”:
Ibid.
“very violent town”:
Ibid.
196
“I been deputy”:
Ibid.
“I been deputy”:
Ibid.
196
“Communist!” and “Nigger lover!”:
Ibid., July 28, 1964.
“Communist!” and “Nigger lover!”:
Ibid., July 28, 1964.
197
“The whole state is beginning to tighten up”:
Ibid.
“The whole state is beginning to tighten up”:
Ibid.
197
“operating a Freedom Outpost”:
Ibid.
“operating a Freedom Outpost”:
Ibid.
197
“in droves”:
Ibid.
“in droves”:
Ibid.
197
“trashy motherfucker”:
Ibid., July 20, 1964.
“trashy motherfucker”:
Ibid., July 20, 1964.
197
“enough money to last him”:
Branch
, Pillar of Fire,
p. 430.
“enough money to last him”:
Branch
, Pillar of Fire,
p. 430.
198
“come with subpoenas”: Meridian Star
, August 3, 1964.
“come with subpoenas”: Meridian Star
, August 3, 1964.
198
“take care of him”:
MDAH SCR ID# 2-112-1-49-1-1-1.
“take care of him”:
MDAH SCR ID# 2-112-1-49-1-1-1.
198
“pay a million more”:
Ibid.
“pay a million more”:
Ibid.
198
“buy a cattle ranch”:
Ibid.
“buy a cattle ranch”:
Ibid.
198
Dutch “seer”: Meridian Star,
August 9, 1964.
Dutch “seer”: Meridian Star,
August 9, 1964.
198
“What happened to the three kids?”:
Ball,
Murder in Mississippi
, p. 75.
“What happened to the three kids?”:
Ball,
Murder in Mississippi
, p. 75.
198
“We’d have paid a lot more”:
Kenneth O’Reilly,
“Racial Matters”: The FBI’s Secret File on Black America, 1960-1972
(New York: Free Press, 1989), p. 174.
“We’d have paid a lot more”:
Kenneth O’Reilly,
“Racial Matters”: The FBI’s Secret File on Black America, 1960-1972
(New York: Free Press, 1989), p. 174.
199
“We’ve spotted the dam”:
Whitehead,
Attack on Terror
, p. 128.
“We’ve spotted the dam”:
Whitehead,
Attack on Terror
, p. 128.
199
“This is no pick and shovel job”:
Ibid., p. 129.
“This is no pick and shovel job”:
Ibid., p. 129.
199
“the summer of our discontent”: New York Times
, July 29, 1964.
“the summer of our discontent”: New York Times
, July 29, 1964.
199
“Maybe the best course”:
Huie,
Three Lives
, p. 214.
“Maybe the best course”:
Huie,
Three Lives
, p. 214.
199
“see that their enemy”:
COFO brochure, White Folks Project Collection, USM.
“see that their enemy”:
COFO brochure, White Folks Project Collection, USM.
199
“there was no dialogue”:
Ed Hamlett Papers, White Folks Project Collection, USM.
“there was no dialogue”:
Ed Hamlett Papers, White Folks Project Collection, USM.
199
“Why Mississippi?”:
Ibid.
“Why Mississippi?”:
Ibid.
200
“get the feel”:
William and Kathleen Henderson Papers, SHSW.
“get the feel”:
William and Kathleen Henderson Papers, SHSW.
200
“It looks like the pilot phase”:
Martinez,
Letters from Mississippi
, p. 181.
“It looks like the pilot phase”:
Martinez,
Letters from Mississippi
, p. 181.
200
“You Northerners all think”:
Ibid., p. 186.
“You Northerners all think”:
Ibid., p. 186.
200
“How can these kids presume”:
Sugarman,
Stranger at the Gates
, pp. 138-39.
“How can these kids presume”:
Sugarman,
Stranger at the Gates
, pp. 138-39.
200
“What’s so hard to explain”:
Ibid., p. 145.
“What’s so hard to explain”:
Ibid., p. 145.
200
“Would you marry a Negro?”:
Martinez,
Letters from Mississippi
, p. 179.
“Would you marry a Negro?”:
Martinez,
Letters from Mississippi
, p. 179.
201
“Communist! . . . Queer!”:
Ibid.
“Communist! . . . Queer!”:
Ibid.
201
“guilty, agonized”:
Adam Hochschild,
Finding the Trapdoor: Essay, Portraits, Travels
(Syracuse, N.Y.: Syracuse University Press, 1997), p. 147.
“guilty, agonized”:
Adam Hochschild,
Finding the Trapdoor: Essay, Portraits, Travels
(Syracuse, N.Y.: Syracuse University Press, 1997), p. 147.
201
“a splendid job”:
Virginia Center for Digital History, “Wednesdays in Mississippi: Civil Rights as Women’s Work,” The Effects: Southern Women, p. 20,
http://www.vcdh.virginia.edu/WIMS/
.
“a splendid job”:
Virginia Center for Digital History, “Wednesdays in Mississippi: Civil Rights as Women’s Work,” The Effects: Southern Women, p. 20,
http://www.vcdh.virginia.edu/WIMS/
.
201
“Girls,” she said:
Ibid.
“Girls,” she said:
Ibid.
201
“If you print my name”: Washington Post,
August 16, 1964.
“If you print my name”: Washington Post,
August 16, 1964.
202
“I am not an integrationist”:
MDAH SCR ID# 99-38-0-493-2-1-1.
“I am not an integrationist”:
MDAH SCR ID# 99-38-0-493-2-1-1.
202
“a breach of etiquette”:
Carter,
So the Heffners Left McComb,
p. 125.
“a breach of etiquette”:
Carter,
So the Heffners Left McComb,
p. 125.
202
“to let the Civil Rights workers”:
Ibid., p. 80.
“to let the Civil Rights workers”:
Ibid., p. 80.
202
“Whose car is that”:
Ibid., p. 49.
“Whose car is that”:
Ibid., p. 49.
202
“If you want to live”:
Ibid., p. 79.
“If you want to live”:
Ibid., p. 79.
203
“chickened out”:
Ira Landess, personal interview, November 28, 2007.
“chickened out”:
Ira Landess, personal interview, November 28, 2007.
204
“You folks better get down”:
Sellers and Terrell,
River of No Return
, p. 103.
“You folks better get down”:
Sellers and Terrell,
River of No Return
, p. 103.
204
“His head went through the windshield”:
Ibid., p. 104.
“His head went through the windshield”:
Ibid., p. 104.
205
“I’ d say start digging here”:
Whitehead,
Attack on Terror
, p. 133.
“I’ d say start digging here”:
Whitehead,
Attack on Terror
, p. 133.
205
“We’ll start here”:
Cagin and Dray,
We Are Not Afraid
, p. 397.
“We’ll start here”:
Cagin and Dray,
We Are Not Afraid
, p. 397.
205
“the faint odor”:
Ibid., p. 398.
“the faint odor”:
Ibid., p. 398.
205
“Reporting one WB”:
Whitehead,
Attack on Terror
, p. 134.
“Reporting one WB”:
Whitehead,
Attack on Terror
, p. 134.
205
“We’ve uncapped one oil well”:
Ibid.
“We’ve uncapped one oil well”:
Ibid.
206
“Mickey could count on Jim”:
Huie,
Three Lives
, p. 95.
“Mickey could count on Jim”:
Huie,
Three Lives
, p. 95.
206
“the first interracial lynching”:
Umoja Kwanguvu Papers, USM.
“the first interracial lynching”:
Umoja Kwanguvu Papers, USM.
206
“O healing river”:
David King Dunaway,
How Can I Keep from Singing
(New York: McGraw Hill, 1981), p. 235.
“O healing river”:
David King Dunaway,
How Can I Keep from Singing
(New York: McGraw Hill, 1981), p. 235.
207
“Many reported contacts”:
Branch
, Pillar of Fire,
p. 434.
“Many reported contacts”:
Branch
, Pillar of Fire,
p. 434.
207
“Mr. Hoover wanted me to call you”:
Beschloss,
Taking Charge
, pp. 501-2.
“Mr. Hoover wanted me to call you”:
Beschloss,
Taking Charge
, pp. 501-2.
208
“It is for us the living”: New York Times
, August 6, 1964.
“It is for us the living”: New York Times
, August 6, 1964.
208
“Did you love your husband?”: Washington Post
, August 6, 1964.
“Did you love your husband?”: Washington Post
, August 6, 1964.
208
“My boy died a martyr”: McComb Enterprise-Journal
, August 6, 1964.
“My boy died a martyr”: McComb Enterprise-Journal
, August 6, 1964.
208
“The closed society that is Mississippi”: Hartford Courant
, August 6, 1964.
“The closed society that is Mississippi”: Hartford Courant
, August 6, 1964.
209
“The murders of Michael Henry Schwerner”: New York Times
, August 6, 1964.
“The murders of Michael Henry Schwerner”: New York Times
, August 6, 1964.
209
“None of those who have died”: Washington Post,
August 6, 1964.
“None of those who have died”: Washington Post,
August 6, 1964.
209
“We must track down the murderers”: Vicksburg Post
, August 6, 1964.
“We must track down the murderers”: Vicksburg Post
, August 6, 1964.
209
“Many of us in Mississippi”: Delta Democrat-Times
, August 9, 1964.
“Many of us in Mississippi”: Delta Democrat-Times
, August 9, 1964.
209
“a new hate campaign”: Meridian Star
, August 6, 1964.
“a new hate campaign”: Meridian Star
, August 6, 1964.
209
“It was those integration groups”: Delta Democrat-Times
, August 6, 1964.
“It was those integration groups”: Delta Democrat-Times
, August 6, 1964.
209
“If they had stayed home”: Hattiesburg American
, August 5, 1964, cited in Tucker,
Mississippi from Within
, p. 136.
“If they had stayed home”: Hattiesburg American
, August 5, 1964, cited in Tucker,
Mississippi from Within
, p. 136.
210
“reduced to a pulp”:
Cagin and Dray,
We Are Not Afraid
, p. 407.
“reduced to a pulp”:
Cagin and Dray,
We Are Not Afraid
, p. 407.
210
“In my extensive experience”:
Ibid.
“In my extensive experience”:
Ibid.
210
“substantive results”: New York Times
, August 9, 1964.
“substantive results”: New York Times
, August 9, 1964.
210
“hate to be in his shoes”:
MDAH SCR ID# 2-112-1-49-1-1-1.
“hate to be in his shoes”:
MDAH SCR ID# 2-112-1-49-1-1-1.
210
“I want people to know”: New York Times
, August 6, 1964.
“I want people to know”: New York Times
, August 6, 1964.
211
“Y’all can be non-violent”:
Blackwell,
Barefootin’
, p. 98.
“Y’all can be non-violent”:
Blackwell,
Barefootin’
, p. 98.
211
“have some race pride”:
Belfrage,
Freedom Summer
, p. 182.
“have some race pride”:
Belfrage,
Freedom Summer
, p. 182.
211
“loudmouth everyone”:
Ibid., pp. 182-83.
“loudmouth everyone”:
Ibid., pp. 182-83.
211
“to get the mandate from Bob”:
Ibid., p. 183
.
“to get the mandate from Bob”:
Ibid., p. 183
.
212
“I’m gonna kill ’em!”:
Hank Klibanoff, “Moment of Reckoning,”
Smithsonian
, December 2008, p. 12.
“I’m gonna kill ’em!”:
Hank Klibanoff, “Moment of Reckoning,”
Smithsonian
, December 2008, p. 12.
212
“I want my brother!”:
Cagin and Dray,
We Are Not Afraid
, p. 409.
“I want my brother!”:
Cagin and Dray,
We Are Not Afraid
, p. 409.
212
“a mistake”:
Wendt,
Spirit and the Shotgun
, p. 118.
“a mistake”:
Wendt,
Spirit and the Shotgun
, p. 118.
212
“Sorry, but I’m not here to do”:
Bradley G. Bond,
Mississippi: A Documentary History
(Jackson: University of Mississippi Press, 2003), pp. 254-59.
“Sorry, but I’m not here to do”:
Bradley G. Bond,
Mississippi: A Documentary History
(Jackson: University of Mississippi Press, 2003), pp. 254-59.
214
“The tragedy of Andy Goodman”: New York Times
, August 10, 1964.
“The tragedy of Andy Goodman”: New York Times
, August 10, 1964.
“Lay by Time”
215
“Success?” Moses told the press: Newsweek
, August 24, 1964, p. 30.
“Success?” Moses told the press: Newsweek
, August 24, 1964, p. 30.
215
“ from the unjust laws of Mississippi”:
SNCC Papers, reel 39.
“ from the unjust laws of Mississippi”:
SNCC Papers, reel 39.
215
“It was the single time in my life”:
Dittmer,
Local People
, p. 260.
“It was the single time in my life”:
Dittmer,
Local People
, p. 260.
216
“lay by time”:
Blackwell,
Barefootin’
, p. 17.
“lay by time”:
Blackwell,
Barefootin’
, p. 17.
216
“I am tired”:
Martinez,
Letters from Mississippi
, p. 225.
“I am tired”:
Martinez,
Letters from Mississippi
, p. 225.
216
“sailing and swimming”:
Ibid., p. 221.
“sailing and swimming”:
Ibid., p. 221.
217
“I have been here nearly two months”:
Ellen Lake Papers, USM.
“I have been here nearly two months”:
Ellen Lake Papers, USM.
217
“depression session”:
Wilkie,
Dixie
, p. 144.
“depression session”:
Wilkie,
Dixie
, p. 144.
217
“If I stay here much longer”:
Coles,
Farewell to the South
, pp. 252-53.
“If I stay here much longer”:
Coles,
Farewell to the South
, pp. 252-53.
217
“She’s always in the same rut”:
Margaret Hazelton Papers, USM.
“She’s always in the same rut”:
Margaret Hazelton Papers, USM.
218
“They keep killin’ our people”:
Belfrage,
Freedom Summer
, p. 225.
“They keep killin’ our people”:
Belfrage,
Freedom Summer
, p. 225.
218
“They might think twice”:
Branch,
Pillar of Fire
, p. 450.
“They might think twice”:
Branch,
Pillar of Fire
, p. 450.
218
“by someone important”:
WATS Line, August 10, 1964.
“by someone important”:
WATS Line, August 10, 1964.
219
“a ballet”:
Sidney Poitier,
Life Beyond Measure: Letters to My Great-Granddaughter
(New York: HarperCollins, 2008), p. 174.
“a ballet”:
Sidney Poitier,
Life Beyond Measure: Letters to My Great-Granddaughter
(New York: HarperCollins, 2008), p. 174.
219
“I have been a lonely man”:
Adam Goudsouzian,
Sidney Poitier: Man, Actor, Icon
(Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2004), p. 224.
“I have been a lonely man”:
Adam Goudsouzian,
Sidney Poitier: Man, Actor, Icon
(Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2004), p. 224.
220
“Are you coming down here”:
Dunaway,
How Can I Keep
, p. 234.
“Are you coming down here”:
Dunaway,
How Can I Keep
, p. 234.
220
“Each morning I wake”:
Julius Lester,
All Is Well
(New York: William Morrow, 1976), p. 112.
“Each morning I wake”:
Julius Lester,
All Is Well
(New York: William Morrow, 1976), p. 112.
220
“If God had intended”:
Martin Duberman,
In White America
(London: Faber and Faber, 1964), p. 4.
“If God had intended”:
Martin Duberman,
In White America
(London: Faber and Faber, 1964), p. 4.
221
“That’s right!”:
Elizabeth Martinez, “Theater of the Meaningful,”
Nation
, October 19, 1964, p. 255.
“That’s right!”:
Elizabeth Martinez, “Theater of the Meaningful,”
Nation
, October 19, 1964, p. 255.
221
“a beacon of hope and love”:
“Dream in a Bean Field,”
Nation
, December 28, 1964, p. 514.
“a beacon of hope and love”:
“Dream in a Bean Field,”
Nation
, December 28, 1964, p. 514.
222
“nasty little town”:
Tillinghast, interview, December 16, 2008.
“nasty little town”:
Tillinghast, interview, December 16, 2008.
222
“Dear Doug”:
SNCC Papers, reel 40.
“Dear Doug”:
SNCC Papers, reel 40.
222
“let me drive”:
Tillinghast, interview, December 16, 2008.
“let me drive”:
Tillinghast, interview, December 16, 2008.
223
“get the hell out of Issaquena County”:
Ibid.
“get the hell out of Issaquena County”:
Ibid.
223
“You niggers get away”:
United States Commission on Civil Rights,
Hearings Before the United States Commission on Civil Rights
, vol. 1,
Voting: Hearings Held in Jackson, Miss. February 16-20, 1965
(Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1965), p. 132.
“You niggers get away”:
United States Commission on Civil Rights,
Hearings Before the United States Commission on Civil Rights
, vol. 1,
Voting: Hearings Held in Jackson, Miss. February 16-20, 1965
(Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1965), p. 132.
223
“courage overcame fear”:
Tillinghast, interview, November 28, 2007.
“courage overcame fear”:
Tillinghast, interview, November 28, 2007.
224
“Look, close your mouth”:
“Freedom Summer Journal of Sandra Adickes,” USM,
http://anna.lib.usm.edu/~spcol/crda/adickes/ad001.htm
.
“Look, close your mouth”:
“Freedom Summer Journal of Sandra Adickes,” USM,
http://anna.lib.usm.edu/~spcol/crda/adickes/ad001.htm
.
224
“Mr. Clean”:
Huie,
Three Lives
, p. 226.
“Mr. Clean”:
Huie,
Three Lives
, p. 226.
224
“The white people of Mississippi”:
Ibid.
“The white people of Mississippi”:
Ibid.
225
“Communist Revolutionaries”:
Mars,
Witness in Philadelphia
, p. 108.
“Communist Revolutionaries”:
Mars,
Witness in Philadelphia
, p. 108.
225
“They’ve shot Silas!”:
Belfrage,
Freedom Summer
, p. 222.
“They’ve shot Silas!”:
Belfrage,
Freedom Summer
, p. 222.
225
“colored doctor”:
Zellner,
The Wrong Side
, p. 261.
“colored doctor”:
Zellner,
The Wrong Side
, p. 261.
226
“I got me one”:
WATS Line, August 17, 1964.
“I got me one”:
WATS Line, August 17, 1964.
226
“ticking time bomb”:
Kotz,
Judgment Days
, p. 190.
“ticking time bomb”:
Kotz,
Judgment Days
, p. 190.
226
“There’s no compromise”:
Beschloss,
Taking Charge
, p. 515.
“There’s no compromise”:
Beschloss,
Taking Charge
, p. 515.
226
“If we mess with the group”:
Ibid., p. 516.
“If we mess with the group”:
Ibid., p. 516.
226
“We’re going to lose the election”:
Dittmer,
Local People
, p. 291.
“We’re going to lose the election”:
Dittmer,
Local People
, p. 291.
226
“Help make Mississippi”:
Herbert Randall and Bob Tusa,
Faces of Freedom Summer
(Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 2001), n.p.
“Help make Mississippi”:
Herbert Randall and Bob Tusa,
Faces of Freedom Summer
(Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 2001), n.p.
226
“If we can get enough people”:
Charles Miller Papers, SHSW.
“If we can get enough people”:
Charles Miller Papers, SHSW.
227
“I just stood there”:
SNCC Papers, reel 67.
“I just stood there”:
SNCC Papers, reel 67.
227
“Why did Harriet Tubman”:
Liz Fusco, “Deeper Than Politics,”
Liberation
9 (November 1964): 18.
“Why did Harriet Tubman”:
Liz Fusco, “Deeper Than Politics,”
Liberation
9 (November 1964): 18.
228
“I am Mississippi fed”:
Martinez,
Letters from Mississippi
, p. 279.
“I am Mississippi fed”:
Martinez,
Letters from Mississippi
, p. 279.
228
“We’re not black slaves!”: Washington Post
, July 20, 1964.
“We’re not black slaves!”: Washington Post
, July 20, 1964.
228
“I think you’re lying”:
Adickes,
Legacy of a Freedom School
, p. 68.
“I think you’re lying”:
Adickes,
Legacy of a Freedom School
, p. 68.
228
“Some of them are beginning to realize”:
Ibid., p. 264.
“Some of them are beginning to realize”:
Ibid., p. 264.
228
“We’re giving these kids a start”: Washington Post
, July 20, 1964.
“We’re giving these kids a start”: Washington Post
, July 20, 1964.
229
“I saw the rug pulled out”:
Watkins, interview, June 16, 2008.
“I saw the rug pulled out”:
Watkins, interview, June 16, 2008.
229
“about time something happened”:
Chude Pamela Allen, “Watching the Iris,” in Erenrich, pp. 419-420.
“about time something happened”:
Chude Pamela Allen, “Watching the Iris,” in Erenrich, pp. 419-420.
229
“the project was polarized”:
Ibid.
“the project was polarized”:
Ibid.
229
“to give abortions”:
Carmichael,
Ready for Revolution
, p. 389.
“to give abortions”:
Carmichael,
Ready for Revolution
, p. 389.
229
“And get raped?”:
Martinez,
Letters from Mississippi
, p. 185.
“And get raped?”:
Martinez,
Letters from Mississippi
, p. 185.
230
“My Summer Negro”:
Rothschild,
Case of Black and White,
p. 56.
“My Summer Negro”:
Rothschild,
Case of Black and White,
p. 56.
230
“Every black SNCC worker”:
Evans,
Personal Politics
, p. 80.
“Every black SNCC worker”:
Evans,
Personal Politics
, p. 80.
230
“I didn’t see any white women”:
Dittmer,
Local People
, p. 263.
“I didn’t see any white women”:
Dittmer,
Local People
, p. 263.
230
“Now, Dad”:
Winn, correspondence, mid-July 1964.
“Now, Dad”:
Winn, correspondence, mid-July 1964.
230
“jus’ one boy touch”:
Belfrage,
Freedom Summer
, p. 45.
“jus’ one boy touch”:
Belfrage,
Freedom Summer
, p. 45.
230
“fluttered like butterflies”:
King,
Freedom Song
, p. 44.
“fluttered like butterflies”:
King,
Freedom Song
, p. 44.
230
“All these black guys”:
McAdam,
Freedom Summer
, p. 106.
“All these black guys”:
McAdam,
Freedom Summer
, p. 106.
231
“I’m sure I wasn’t the only white woman”:
Chude Pamela Allen, “Thank You,” in Erenrich,
Freedom Is a Constant Struggle
, p. 502.
“I’m sure I wasn’t the only white woman”:
Chude Pamela Allen, “Thank You,” in Erenrich,
Freedom Is a Constant Struggle
, p. 502.
231
“There’s a very good chance”:
Chude Pamela Allen, personal interview, November 12, 2007.
“There’s a very good chance”:
Chude Pamela Allen, personal interview, November 12, 2007.
232
“we’re all dreamers”:
O’Brien, correspondence, July 28, 1964.
“we’re all dreamers”:
O’Brien, correspondence, July 28, 1964.
232
“I could stay longer”:
Ibid.
“I could stay longer”:
Ibid.
232
“Don’t worry,” she was told:
Fran O’Brien, “Journey into Light,” in Erenrich,
Freedom Is a Constant Struggle
, p. 285.
“Don’t worry,” she was told:
Fran O’Brien, “Journey into Light,” in Erenrich,
Freedom Is a Constant Struggle
, p. 285.
233
“Now you just be a good little girl”:
Ibid., p. 286.
“Now you just be a good little girl”:
Ibid., p. 286.
233
“No you don’t, little lady!”
Ibid.
“No you don’t, little lady!”
Ibid.
233
“That’s a good little girl”:
Ibid.
“That’s a good little girl”:
Ibid.
234
“Oh hi, Fran”:
Ibid.
“Oh hi, Fran”:
Ibid.
234
“It’s okay”:
Ibid., p. 287.
“It’s okay”:
Ibid., p. 287.
235
“After recent developments”:
O’Brien, correspondence, August 4, 1964.
“After recent developments”:
O’Brien, correspondence, August 4, 1964.
235
“The whole pattern”:
“The Evangelists,”
Newsweek
, August 24, 1964, p. 30.
“The whole pattern”:
“The Evangelists,”
Newsweek
, August 24, 1964, p. 30.
236
“begin action”:
WATS line, August 19, 1964.
“begin action”:
WATS line, August 19, 1964.
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