Forgotten Wars (100 page)

107.
Dorman-Smith to Pethick-Lawrence, 6 January 1946, Dorman-Smith Papers, Mss Eur E215/10, OIOC.

108.
Dorman-Smith to Pethick-Lawrence, 22 January 1946, ibid.

109.
Dorman-Smith to Pethick-Lawrence, 6 and 22 January 1946, ibid.

110.
‘Ralph Michaelis’s Independent Newsletter Reports from Burma’, 13 December 1945, Laithwaite Papers, Mss Eur F138/72, f. 41, OIOC.

111.
The fullest discussion of this whole incident from both the British and Aung San’s side can be found in the papers of Sir Hubert Rance, ‘Prosecution of Aung San’, Mss Eur F169/1, OIOC. This is essentially Dorman-Smith’s file, with a note by Sir Henry Knight passed on to Rance.

112.
Reynolds News
, 24 March 1946, cited in Angelene Naw,
Aung San and the struggle for Burmese independence
(Coperhagen, 2001), p. 238, n. 72.

113.
B. Fase to Tom Driberg, 9 March 1946, Tom Driberg Papers, S3, 2, 25, Christ Church, Oxford.

114.
Mountbatten to government of Burma, 27 March 1946, Rance Papers, Mss Eur F169/1, OIOC.

115.
Cabinet Mission, Delhi, to Cabinet, London, 18 April 1946, L/PO/9/15, OIOC.

116.
Pethick-Lawrence to Attlee, 7 April 1946, Pethick-Lawrence Papers, Box 1/72, Trinity College, Cambridge.

117.
Dorman-Smith memoirs, Mss Eur E215/32b, ff. 264–6, OIOC.

118.
Ibid., f. 266.

119.
Government of Burma to Burma Office, 13 May 1946, ‘Prosecution of Aung San’, Rance Papers, Mss Eur F169/1, OIOC.

120.
Ibid; also ‘Humble petition of Ma Ahma, wife of the late Abdul Raschid, residing at Paung’, M/5/102, OIOC, reproduced in Tinker,
Burma
, vol. I, p. 728.

121.
Dorman-Smith Papers, Mss E215, 32 a/b, f. 218, OIOC.

122.
GB to BO, 13 May 1946; Aung San’s rejoinder to the charges in the Legislative Council was printed in the
Hanthawaddy
newspaper c. 4 April 1946.

123.
Ibid.

124.
Naw,
Aung San
, p. 156, citing
Hanthawaddy
newspaper.

125.
Appreciation by G. Appleton, 27 March 1946, Rance Papers, Mss Eur F 169/1, ‘Prosecution of Aung San’, OIOC.

126.
Dorman-Smith Papers, Mss Eur E215/32, f. 64, OIOC.

127.
Ibid., f. 207.

128.
Report of the Tantabin Enquiry Committee
(Rangoon, 1947), pp. 1–36. There is an unpaginated copy in the Library of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London.

129.
Kyaw Win to an associate, 17 May 1946, ibid. p. 5.

130.
Ibid., pp. 7–12.

131.
Aung San to T. L. Hughes, 22 May 1946, M/4/2619, OIOC.

132.
Attlee to Pethick-Lawrence, 7 May 1946, in Tinker,
Burma
, vol. I, p. 773.

133.
Pearce to Dorman-Smith, 18 August 1946, Dorman-Smith Papers, Mss Eur E215/15, OIOC.

134.
Tom Driberg,
Ruling passions
(London, 1978), pp. 215–16.

135.
Aung San to Driberg, 12 June 1946, Driberg Papers, S3, Christ Church, Oxford.

136.
Naw,
Aung San
, p. 166, citing Maurice Collis,
Last and first in Burma, 1941–48
(London, 1956), p. 280.

137.
Dorman-Smith to John Humphrey Wise, 8 November 1946, Dorman-Smith Papers, Mss Eur E215/16, OIOC.

138.
Ibid.

139.
U Thein Pe Myint, ‘A critique of the communist movement in Burma’, 1973, Mss Eur C498, f. 12, OIOC.

140.
Burma and the insurrections
, Government of the Union of Burma Publications, September 1949 (Rangoon, 1949), p. 3; Thein Pe, ‘A critique’, f. 19.

141.
M. E. Dening, ‘Review of political events in South-East Asia 1945 to March 1946’, 25 March 1946, in Stockwell,
British documents: Malaya, part I
, p. 218.

142.
Clyde Sanger,
Malcolm MacDonald: bringing an end to empire
(Montreal and London, 1995).

143.
John Falconer to Hugh Bryson, 3 October 1969, Heussler Papers, RHO.

144.
Ibid., p. 80. The description of the palace is by Han Suyin, a frequent guest of MacDonald’s.

1.
Nicholas Mansergh (ed.),
Constitutional relations between Britain and India: the transfer of power 1942–47
, vol. VII,
The Cabinet Mission
(London, 1977), introduction.

2.
Maulana Azad to Wavell, 13 June 1946, ibid., p. 914.

3.
Wavell, note of 29 June 1946, ibid., p. 1085.

4.
Penderell Moon (ed.),
Wavell
:
the viceroy’s journal
(London, 1973), entry for 24 October 1946, p. 363

5.
Patrick French,
Liberty or death: India’s journey to independence and division
(London, 1997), pp. 247–9.

6.
Moon,
Wavell
, entry for 27 August 1946, p. 341.

7.
Joya Chatterji,
Bengal divided: Hindu communalism and partition, 1932–1947
(Cambridge, 1994), pp. 230–40; Suranjan Das,
Communal riots in Bengal, 1905–1947
(Delhi, 1991), p. 165.

8.
Extract in ‘Calcutta riots 1946–7’, L/P and J/8/655, OIOC.

9.
Cited in Das,
Communal riots
, p. 168.

10.
Press release of Working Committee of the Bengal Provincial Muslim League, 6 September 1946, ‘Calcutta riots 1946–7’, L/P and J/8/655, OIOC.

11.
Sim to Col. F. J. Erroll MP, n.d. August 1946, extract in ‘Calcutta riots 1946–7’, ibid.

12.
Ibid.

13.
Governor Bengal to viceroy, 22 August 1946, entry Monday 19 August, ibid.

14.
Das,
Communal riots
, p. 171.

15.
This paragraph follows Das,
Communal riots
, the most authoritative secondary account of these events. This narrative itself is largely based on the 10-volume,
Calcutta disturbances commission of enquiry: minutes of evidence
(Calcutta, 1946).

16.
Statesman
, 26 August 1946.

17.
Das,
Communal riots
, pp. 183–4.

18.
Statesman
, 24 August 1946; the newspaper’s coverage of these events was collected in the ‘Great Calcutta Killing, August 1946–September 1946’, copy in Stephens Papers, Centre of South Asian Studies, Cambridge.

19.
Dash, Bengal diary, vol. IX, p. 80, Centre of South Asian Studies, Cambridge.

20.
Moon,
Wavell
, entry for 3 November 1946, p. 370.

21.
Diary entry for 17 August, ‘Report on the disturbances in Calcutta commencing August 16 1946 issued by HQ Eastern Command’, Bucher Papers, 7901–87 A, National Army Museum.

22.
Diary entry for 18 August, ibid.

23.
Dash diaries, August 1946, ff. 74–80, Mss Eur C188/6, OIOC.

24.
Governor Bengal to viceroy, 28 August 1946, ‘Calcutta riots 1946–7’, L/P and J/8/655, OIOC.

25.
‘Record of life in the Indian Civil Service 1930–47’, F. O. Bell Papers, Centre of South Asian Studies, Cambridge.

26.
A retrospective account; Edward McInery to J. H. Habbakuk, 14 February 1976, McInery diary, Mss Photo Eur 148, OIOC.

27.
Personal communications to the authors, 2001, from Professor F. M. L. Thompson.

28.
Secret report on the political situation in Bengal for the second half of
September 1946 by chief secretary to government of Bengal, J. M. G. Bell Papers, 2, Centre of South Asian Studies, Cambridge.

29.
‘Note on recent experiences’, late 1946, J. M. G. Bell Papers, 3, Centre of South Asian Studies, Cambridge.

30.
Manju Bandyopadhyay, cited in Sandip Bandyopadhyay, ‘The riddles of partition: memories of the Bengali Hindus’, in Ranabir Samaddar (ed.),
Reflections on partition in the east
(Calcutta, 1997), p. 68.

31.
J. Tyson to his family, 30 November 1946, Tyson Papers, Mss Eur E341/41, OIOC.

32.
Moon,
Wavell
, entry for 27 August 1945, p. 341.

33.
Tyson to his family, 17 November 1946, Tyson Papers, Mss Eur E341/41, OIOC.

34.
Counter-Intelligence summary, Burma Command, fortnight to 15 August 1946, f. 11, L/WS/1/744, OIOC.

35.
Ibid., f. 21.

36.
Counter-Intelligence summary, fortnight to end July, 1946, f. 35, ibid.

37.
Note by Rance, 15 September 1946, in Hugh Tinker (ed.),
Burma: the struggle for independence 1944–1948
, vol. II:
From general strike to independence, 31 August 1946 to 4 January 1948
(London, 1984), p. 19.

38.
SACSEA to Cabinet, 17 September 1946, L/PO/9/15, OIOC.

39.
John H. McEnery,
Epilogue in Burma, 1945–48
(Tunbridge Wells, 1990), p. 56.

40.
See daily progress reports of general strike, 24–30 September 1945, ‘The strike of September 1946’, Arnold Papers, Mss Eur F145/38 OIOC.

41.
Mr Binns’s press release and note ‘immediate’ by F. Donnison, 21 September 1946, ibid.

42.
Appeal by Maung Tin and F. B. Arnold, c. 23 September 1946, ibid.

43.
Note by Montgomery, 23 September 1946, L/PO/9/15, OIOC.

44.
Note by Rance, 15 September 1946, in Tinker,
Burma
, vol. II, p. 22.

45.
‘His Excellency’s interview with U Saw’, 12 September 1945, L/PO/9/15, OIOC.

46.
Note by Rance, ‘Interview with U Saw’, 12 September 1946, in Tinker,
Burma
, vol. II, p. 17.

47.
Memorandum of U Saw to Rance, October 1946, Laithwaite Papers, Mss Eur F138/72, OIOC.

48.
Ibid.

49.
SACSEA to Cabinet, 21 September 1946, L/PO/9/15, OIOC.

50.
Rance To Pethick-Lawrence, 21 September 1946, in Tinker,
Burma
, vol. II, p. 56.

51.
Aung San to Rance, 17 September 1946, L/WS/1, 669; reproduced in Tinker,
Burma
, vol. II, p. 33.

52.
Rance to Pethick-Lawrence, 19 September 1946, ibid. pp. 47–8.

53.
The Burman
, 3 November 1946, clipping, FO/643/38 (G6/G546), TNA, reproduced in Tinker,
Burma
, vol. II, p. 105.

54.
Cabinet India and Burma Committee, 18 September 1946, ibid. pp. 36–9.

55.
Progress Report for October 1946, Government of Burma Commerce and Supply Department, Arnold Papers, Mss Eur F145/24, OIOC.

56.
Ibid.

57.
Wavell reproducing Nehru to Aung San, 8 October 1946, in Tinker,
Burma
, vol. II, p. 78, citing Mansergh,
Transfer of Power in India
, vol. VIII, p. 682.

58.
‘Hon. Aung San’s proposal for the immediate grant of a fuller measure of self-government to the people of Burma’, 11 November 1946, R/8/36, OIOC.

59.
Rance to Pethick-Lawrence, 13 November 1946, in Tinker,
Burma
, vol. II, pp. 139–40

60.
Rance to Pethick-Lawrence, 13 November 1946, R/8/36, OIOC.