Farewell to Reality (51 page)

14
  Alan H. Guth, ‘Eternal Inflation and its Implications', arXiv: hepth/0702178v1, 22 February 2007, pp. 9—10.

15
  Greene,
The Hidden Reality,
p.91.

16
  Ibid., p.155.

17
  Susskind,
The Cosmic Landscape,
p.381.

18
 
Justin Khoury, Burt A. Ovrut, Paul J. Steinhardt and Neil Turok, ‘The Ekpyrotic Universe: Colliding Branes and the Origin of the Hot Big Bang', arXiv: hep-th/0103239v3, 15 August 2001, pp. 3—4. Published in
Physical Review D,
64, 123522 (2001).

19
  Jean-Luc Lehners, Paul J. Steinhardt and Neil Turok, ‘The Return of the Phoenix Universe', arXiv: hep-th/0910.0834v1, 5 October 2009, p.4.

20
  Robert Adler, ‘The Many Faces of the Multiverse',
New Scientist,
26 November 2011, pp. 43 and 47.

21
  Greene,
The Hidden Reality,
p.188.

Chapter 10: Source Code of the Cosmos

1
  Albert Einstein, ‘Motives for Research', speech delivered at Max Planck's sixtieth birthday celebration, April 1918.

2
  This was the title of Wigner's Richard Courant lecture in mathematical sciences delivered at New York University on 11 May 1959. It was published in
Communications on Pure and Applied Mathematics,
13 (1960), pp. 1—14.

3
  Max Tegmark, ‘The Mathematical Universe',
Foundations of Physics,
38 (2008), p.101: arXiv: gr-qc/0704.0646v2, 8 October 2007, p.l.

4
  Interview with Adam Frank: ‘Is the Universe Actually Made of Math?',
Discover,
July 2008, published online 16 June 2008:
http://discovermagazine.com/2008/jul/16-is-the-universe-actually-made-of-math
.

5
  See Deutsch, pp. 200 and 216.

6
  See
http://ibmquantumcomputing.tumblr.com
/.

7
  There are many online versions of Shakespeare's ‘Scottish play'. See, for example,
http://shakespeare.rnit.edu/macbeth/full.html
.

8
  See Seth Lloyd, ‘Computational capacity of the universe', arXiv: quantph/0110141v1, 21 October 2001.

9
  Hawking, p.105.

10
  Quoted by Susskind,
The Black Hole War,
p.185.

11
  Susskind,
The Black Hole War,
p.254.

12
  Ibid., p.241.

13
  Ibid., p.419.

14
  The bet, and Hawking's comment, are reproduced in ibid., p.445.

15
  Greene,
The Hidden Reality,
p.261.

Chapter 11: Ego Sum Ergo Est

1
  Letter to Hendrik Lorentz, 3 February 1915.

2
  Fred Hoyle, ‘The Universe: Past and Present Reflections',
Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics,
20 (1982), p.16.

3
  Brandon Carter, ‘Large Number Coincidences and the Anthropic Principle in Cosmology', in M. S. Longair (ed.),
Confrontation of Cosmological Theories with Data,
Riedel, Dordrecht, 1974, p.127.

4
  Leonard Susskind, ‘The Anthropic Landscape of String Theory', arXiv: hepth/0302219v1, 27 February 2003, p.l.

5
 
Susskind,
The Cosmic Landscape,
p.14.

6
  Brandon Carter, ‘Large Number Coincidences', op cit., p.129.

7
 
http://www.discovery.org/about.php
.

8
  Helge Kragh,
Centaurus,
39 (1987), pp. 191—4. This quote is reproduced in Kragh,
Higher Speculations,
p.249.

9
  Kragh,
Higher Speculations,
p.217.

10
  John Templeton,
The Philanthropic Vision of Sir John Templeton,
p.6 (see
http://www.templeton.org/sir-john-templeton/philanthropic-vision
).

11
  Davies,
The Goldilocks Enigma,
p.302.

12
  2006 Templeton Prize Chronicle, p.4 (see
http://www.templetonprize.org/downloads.html#barrow
).

13
  ‘Martin Rees wins 2011 Templeton Prize', press release, 6 April 2011, p.2 (see
http://www.templetonprize.org/pdfs/2011_prize/TP-2011-Press-Release.pdf
).

14
  Ibid., p.3.

15
  Interview with Ian Sample,
Guardian,
6 April 2011,
http://www.guardian.co.uk/science/2011/apr/06/astronomer-royal-martin-rees-interview
.

16
  Bostrom, p.6.

17
  Steven Weinberg, ‘Anthropic Bound on the Cosmological Constant',
Physical Review Letters,
59 (1987), p.2607.

18
  Helge Kragh, ‘An Anthropic Myth: Fred Hoyle's Carbon-12 Resonance Level',
Archive for History of Exact Sciences,
64 (2010), p.721. I'm grateful to Professor Kragh for drawing this paper to my attention.

19
  Lee Smolin, ‘Scientific Alternatives to the Anthropic Principle', arXiv: hepspeed of 28, 32, 34, th/0407213v3, 29 July 2004, p.26.

20
  Bostrom, p.189.

21
  Susskind,
The Cosmic Landscape,
p.357.

Chapter 12: Just Six Questions

1
  Albert Einstein, ‘Geometry and Experience', Prussian Academy of Sciences, Berlin, 27 January 1921.

2
  Alfred J. Ayer (ed.),
Logical Positivism,
The Library of Philosophical Movements, The Free Press of Glencoe, 1959, p.8.

3
  David Hume,
An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding,
Section XII, Part III,
http://ebooks.adelaide.edu.aU/h/hume/david/h92e/chapterl2.html
.

4
  In Hoddeson, et al., p.508.

5
  Felix Salmon, ‘Recipe for Disaster: The Formula that Killed Wall Street',
Wired Magazine,
23 February 2009,
http://www.wired.com/techbiz/it/magazine/17—03/wp_quant
.

6
  Greene,
The Hidden Reality,
p.317.

7
  Ibid., p.319.

8
  Susskind,
The Cosmic Landscape,
pp. 192—3.

9
  Lee Smolin and Leonard Susskind, ‘Smolin vs Susskind: The Anthropic Principle',
The Edge,
18 August 2004,
http://www.edge.org/3rd_culture/smolin_susskind04/smolin_susskind.html
.

10
 
Quoted by Lawrence Krauss, Isaac Asimov Memorial Panel Debate, Hayden Planetarium, American Museum of Natural History, New York, 13 February 2001. Quoted in Woit, p.180.

11
  Communication to the author, 6 February 2011.

12
  Weinberg, p.133.

13
  Smolin and Susskind, ‘Smolin vs Susskind', op. cit.

14
  Nancy Cartwright and Roman Frigg, ‘String Theory Under Scrutiny',
Physics World,
September 2007, p.15.

15
  Horgan, p.91.

16
  In his excellent 2007 biography of Albert Einstein, Walter Isaacson explained that he could find no direct evidence that Kelvin had made this pronouncement. Nevertheless, the statement captures something of the mood that prevailed among prominent physicists at this time.

17
  Attributed to Lord Kelvin. Quoted in Isaacson, p.90, but see also the footnote on p.575.

18
  Peter Woit, Not Even Wrong, blog entry, 27 June 2011.
http://www.math.columbia.edu/~woit/wordpress/?p=3811
.

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