Fallen Angels and the Origins of Evil (48 page)

[142]
The
error of Balaam
was his supposing that a righteous God
must
curse the evil Israel, which Balaam deduced from the reasoning of natural morality rather than the higher morality of the Cross (Scofield, p. 1329, n. 1).

[143]
Gainsaying of Core.
The sin of Korah (Core) was denial of the authority of Moses as God’s chosen spokesman and intrusion into the priest’s office (Scofield, p. 1329, n. 2). See Num. 16.

[144]
For further insights, see the
Jerusalem Bible
translation of the Epistle of Jude in its entirety.

[145]
See Milton V. Anastos,
Justinian’s Despotic Control over the Church ... and his Letter to Pope John II in 533,
Recueil des travaux de l’Institut d’Etudes byzantines, no. 8 (Belgrade, 1964).

[146]
See
Dictionary of Christian Biography,
s.v. “Origenistic Controversies,” pp. 152–56.

[147]
The Fifth Ecumenical Council, “The Anathemas against Origen,” no. 4, in
The Seven Ecumenical Councils of the Undivided Church,
ed. Henry R. Percival, A Select Library of Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers of the Christian Church, ed. Philip Schaff and Henry Wace, 2d ser., 14 vols. to date (1890–1899; reprint ed., Grand Rapids, Mich.: Wm. B. Eerdmans, 1979–), 14(1899):318.

[148]
Origen,
De Principiis
[On First Principles], trans. Frederick Crombie, in
Fathers of the Third Century,
ed. A. Cleveland Coxe, The Ante-Nicene Fathers, ed. Alexander Roberts and James Donaldson, 10 vols. to date (1867–1895; reprint ed., Grand Rapids, Mich.: Wm. B. Eerdmans, 1978–), 4(1885):267.

[149]
The Catholic Encyclopedia,
s.v. “Origen.”

[150]
Jean Daniélou,
Origen,
trans. Walter Mitchell (New York: Sheed and Ward, 1955), p. 218.

[151]
Origen, p. 342.

[152]
Ibid., p. 343.

[153]
Fifth Ecumenical Council, “The Anathemas against Origen,” no. 2, 14:318.

[154]
Ibid., no. 4.

[155]
Origen, pp. 258–59. The
New Catholic Encyclopedia
(s.v. “Demon, Theology of”), commenting on Origen’s teaching, states that this fallen angel “could be none other than Satan.” This is a doctrinal interpretation that has no basis in the original text of Origen (which discusses the multiplicity of the fallen ones), or in Ezekiel for that matter.

[156]
Origen, p. 258.

[157]
Daniélou, p. 249.

[158]
Fifth Ecumenical Council, “The Anathemas against Origen,” no. 2, 14:318.

[159]
Ibid., nos. 4, 5.

[160]
Encyclopaedia Britannica,
15th ed., s.v. “Origen.”

[161]
The bodies of Adam, Seth, Enos, Cainan, Mahalaleel were buried in the Cave of Treasures.

[162]
A jubilee is a period of 49 years. A week is a “year-week,” a period of 7 years.

[163]
See Lev. 16; Heb. 9:7.

[164]
From this verse to the end of the chapter, Noah speaks in the first person. This section may be a fragment of the lost Book of Noah.

[165]
The word apparently =
mastîm,
“to be adverse,” “inimical”; the Heb. noun
mastemâ
= “animosity,” in Hos. 9:7–8. Thus the word = Satan (“adversary”). As a proper name it is practically confined to the Jubilees literature. The evil spirits under the guidance of Mastêmâ tempt, accuse and destroy men.

[166]
The angel Raphael is referred to here, as indicated in the Hebrew Book of Noah.

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Journal of Jewish Studies 23
(1972): 60–71.

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Fallen Angels.
Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society of America, 1962.

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The Book of Enoch.
Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1893.

DeLange, Nicholas.
Apocrypha: Jewish Literature of the Hellenistic Age.
New York: Viking Press, 1978.

James, Montague Rhodes, trans.
The Apocryphal New Testament.
Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1924.

Knibb, Michael A., ed. and trans.
The Ethiopic Book of Enoch.
Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1978.

Kurtz, J. H.
History of the Old Covenant.
Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1859.

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The Book of Enoch the Prophet.
London: Kegan Paul, Trench & Co., 1883.

Milik, J. T.
The Books of Enoch: Aramaic Fragments of Qumran Cave 4.
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Morgenstern, Julian. “The Mythological Background of Psalm 82.”
Hebrew
Union College
Annual
14:29–126.

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The Lost Years of Jesus Revealed.
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First series. 1886–90. Reprint, 14 vols. Grand Rapids, Mich.: Wm. B. Eerdmans, 1978–.

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Angels and Demons According to Lactantius.
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