Explorers of the Nile: The Triumph and Tragedy of a Great Victorian Adventure (77 page)

7
. Sanderson 293.

8
. Udal 11 519-20; Moorehead 333.

9
.
The River War: An Historical Account of the Reconquest of the Soudan
Winston Churchill 2 vols 11 82 ff.

10
. Udal 11 524.

11
. Pakenham 546.

12
. Moorehead 337;
The Decline and Fall of the British Empire 1781-1997
Piers Brendon [Brendon] 204 n 144.

13
. Udal 11 527.

14
. Dialogue from Marchand letter in
Figaro
20 Nov 1898.

15
.
Empire on the Nile
W. M. Daly [Daly] 73, 136-7.

THIRTY-THREE: Equatoria and the Tragedy of Southern Sudan

1
.
Ismailia
11 242, 257-8;
Shadows in the Grass: Britain in the Southern Sudan 1918-1956
R. O. Collins
[Shadows]
68.

2
. BD 13 Jan 1863 RGS.

3
. ‘Politics, ethnicity and conflict in post-independent Acholiland, Uganda 1962-2006’ F. Odoi-Tanga [Odoi-Tanga] 79.

4
.
Land Beyond the Rivers 1898-1918
R. O. Collins [LBR] 67.

5
. Jeal,
Stanley
369, 375.

6
. Odoi-Tanga 76.

7
.
LBR
75-8.

8
.
Imperial Boundary Making: The Diary of Captain Kelly and the Sudan-Uganda Boundary Commission of 1913
ed. G. H. Blake 16, 32-3, 39.

9
. Ibid 33, 91.

10
.
Shadow
s 209; Brendon 361.

11
. Daly 399-400.

12
.
Shadows
121-2;
Sudan: Darfur and the Failure of an African State
Richard Cockett [Cockett] 39-41

13
.
Shadows
15, 130.

14
. Ibid 93-7, 37;
People of the Small Arrow
J. H. Driberg 9-86; Daly 152; Brendon 364.

15
.
Shadows
166-7, 220;
LBR
173-9, 313-17; Cockett 39.

16
.
Shadow
s 230.

17
. Ibid 245-6.

18
. Ibid 274.

19
. Ibid 277.

20
. Cockett 10, 45-6;
Shadows
332, 457.

21
. Ibid 454-55.

22
.
The State of Africa: A History of Fifty Years of Independence
Martin Meredith [Meredith] 588; Cockett 84, 118, 123-4.

23
.
Shadows
447.

24
.
Sudan Verse
K. D. D. Henderson and T. R. H. Owen, five-stanza poem by Owen 43.

THIRTY-FOUR: A Sin not Theirs: The Tragedy of Northern Uganda

1
. Karugire 89-91; Girling 148 points out that Kabarega had 300 men with him on his arrival in Acholiland; details of campaign in
The Land of the Nile Springs
H. E. Colvile.

2
.
Omukama Chwa 11 Kabarega
A. R. Dunbar;
Elizabeth of Toro
Elizabeth Nyabongo [
ET
] 30.

3
. Odoi-Tanga 83-7.

4
.
The Roots of Ethnicity: The Origins of the Acholi and Uganda before 1800
R. R. Atkinson [Atkinson] 75-6.

5
. Karugire 114.

6
.
Oxford History of East Africa
eds Vincent Harlow and E. M. Chilver 2 vols
[Oxford]
11 104-7; ‘Land and Chieftainship among the Acholi’ R. M. Bere
Ganda Journal
19 (1955) 49-56.

7
. Karugire 127.

8
. Atkinson 7.

9
.
The Illusion of Tribe
A. Southall 35. In 1983 in their book
The Invention of Tradition
Eric Hobsbawm and Terence Ranger argued that Britain’s indirect rule (mainly exercised through existing chiefs) required nothing less than ‘the invention of tradition’ by the colonial masters who needed Africans to believe that these arrangements were founded on ancient African custom. Ten years later Ranger would backtrack in favour of ‘the imagination of tradition’: the new concept implying equal cooperation between white and black in tradition-making.

10
. ‘Tribalism and Ethnicity in Africa’ Carola Lentz
Cahiers des sciences humaine
31 11 1985 318;
African History
John Parker and R. Rathbone 111.

11
. Odoi-Tanga 117.

12
. Karugire Chaps. 5 and 6; Meredith 232-3.

13
. From obituaries of Mutesa 11 and Milton Obote; Meredith 233.

14
.
Push on the Door, All Things Considered
both by Richard Carr-Gomm;
Strange Places, Questionable People
John Simpson;
Uganda Sunday Vision
21, 23 May, 5, 10, 26 Jun 2010.

15
.
Africa: Altered States, Ordinary Miracles
Richard Dowden [Dowden] 65.

16
.
ET
117; Dowden 63-4, 72, 56.

17
. Odoi-Tanga 140;
The Social Origins of Violence in Uganda 1964-1985
A. B. K. Kasozi 111.

18
. Dowden 70-i.

19
.
Financial Times Magazine
article about Joseph Kony by Matthew Green 9 Oct 2008.

20
. Odoi-Tanga 174. The Anyanya had been a group of Sudanese separatist rebels formed in 1963.

21
. Odoi-Tanga 321;
Independent
12 Dec 2009.

22
.
Wizard of the Nile
Matthew Green 312-13; Human Rights Watch: Abducted and Abused Vol. 15 No. 12A July 2003; Odoi-Tanga 323.

23
. UK High Commissioner for Refugees ‘Situation in Acholi and IDP Camps’ (Aug 2009); ‘Trail of Death’ (March 2010) Human Rights Watch DRC.

24
. Meredith 404.

25
. Ibid 405-6.

26
.
Daily Nation
11 Sept 2009;
Ugandan Independent
13 Oct 2009; Ugandan National Public Radio documentary 14 Feb 2010;
Daily Monitor
20 Feb 2011.

27
.
Oxford
11 13-14;
John Ainsworth: Pioneer Administrator 1864-1946
F. H. Goldsmith 26-31.

28
.
Africa: A Biography of the Continent
John Reader [Reader] 568.

29
. Patterson’s diaries quoted in
The End of the Game
Peter Beard 97.

30
. Ibid 87, 103, 106;
Oxford
11 21.

31
. Ibid 299; ‘Malice in Masailand’ L. Hughes Colloque International ‘At the Frontier of Land Issues’, Montpellier 2006; Brendon 354.

32
.
Unhappy Valley: Conflict in Kenya and Africa
Bruce Berman and John Lonsdale 239-44.

33
. Meredith 687.

CODA: Lacking the Wand of an Enchanter

1
. S&N 25;
TDC
11 124, 513-15, 477, 480; in Stanley’s
My Dark Companions and their Strange Stories;
Jeal,
Stanley
217 and associated notes.

2
. Stanley to E. King 2 Oct 1877 RMCA.

3
.
Zanzibar
11 101-2.

4
. Girling 149.

5
. DL to LMS 17 Mar 1847 in
Livingstone’s Missionary Correspondence 1841-1856
ed. 1 Schapera 108.

6
. DL to J. H. Parker 11 Mar 1844 Wellcome Library.

7
.
Livingstone’s African Journal 1853-1856
ed. I. Schapera 2 vols [AJ] 11 320-i;
LPJ
210.

8
. Jeal,
Livingstone
84-85, 103-4.

9
. Palmerston to Lord John Russell, FO 63/871; Lord John Russell to DL 17 Apr 1860 NAZ.

10
.
WLT
344.

11
.
Journal
450.

12
. Maitland 194-5.

13
. Stanley to Strauch 8 Jul 1879, 27 Jan 1884 RMCA;
The Congo and the Founding of its Free State
H. M. Stanley 2 vols 11 144-5; CD 27 Nov 1883; Jeal
Stanley
275, 282-4, 524-5.

14
.
The Last Expedition: Stanley’s Mad Journey Through the Congo
D. Liebowitz and C. Pearson 337.

15
.
LLJ
1 62-3; DL to Lord Clarendon 20 August 1866 FO 84/1265.

16
.
LPJ
210.

17
.
IDA
153.

18
. BD 16 Jun 1863 RGS.

19
. ‘Import of Firearms into West Africa in the Eighteenth Century’ W. A. Richards
Journal of African History
21 (1980) 43-59; ‘Ottoman Empire’s Relations with Southern Africa’ A. Kavas
Journal of Ankara University History Faculty
XLV11I (2007) 11 11-20.

20
. S&N 117-18; Stanley to Alice Pike 2 Jun 1876 RMCA.

21
.
LLJ
1 265.

22
.
Islam’s Black Slaves: The Other Black Diaspora
Ronald Segal 56, 154-5, 160-74;
A History of Africa
J. D. Fage (1978) 257.

23
.
David Livingstone: his life and letters
G. Seaver 444.

24
.
AJ
1 25-6.

25
.
AN
143.

26
. Reader 570, 579, citing
Cambridge History of Africa
vol. VI (1985) Chap 12: ‘The European Scramble and Conquest in African History’ 722.

27
.
LPJ
210;
AJ
1 234;
Missionary Travels and Researches in South Africa
David Livingstone 679.

28
.
Glimpse of a Governor’s Life
H. H. J. Bell 128.

29
.
Jephson
401.

30
. Reader 579, 625.

31
. Ibid 245.

32
.
Africans: The History of a Continent
John Iliffe 212; Pakenham 680.