Authors: Ethan Chorin
Exit the Colonel (55 page)
85
See
http://nanyang.academia.edu/JamesMDorsey/Papers/1056600/Libyan_rebels_investigate_Qaddafi_son_for_murder_of_soccer_player
.
See
http://nanyang.academia.edu/JamesMDorsey/Papers/1056600/Libyan_rebels_investigate_Qaddafi_son_for_murder_of_soccer_player
.
86
The National Transitional Council is currently investigating these charges.
The National Transitional Council is currently investigating these charges.
88
Said Haddad, “La Politique Africaine de la Libye: de la Tentation Imperiale à la Strategie Unitaire,”
Monde Arabe Maghreb-Machrek
, no. 170, OctoberâDecember 2000, p. 32.
Said Haddad, “La Politique Africaine de la Libye: de la Tentation Imperiale à la Strategie Unitaire,”
Monde Arabe Maghreb-Machrek
, no. 170, OctoberâDecember 2000, p. 32.
89
While the US praised Gaddafi for his assistance in applying pressure on the Sudanese government to end the conflict in Darfur, he was also linked to financing of the Janjaweed, the Muslim bands that razed southern Sudanese Christian villages.
While the US praised Gaddafi for his assistance in applying pressure on the Sudanese government to end the conflict in Darfur, he was also linked to financing of the Janjaweed, the Muslim bands that razed southern Sudanese Christian villages.
92
Robert P. Baird, “Qaddafi's Dream,”
Boston Review
, May-June 2011. See
http://bostonreview.net/BR36.3/robert_baird_qaddafi_mosque.php
.
Robert P. Baird, “Qaddafi's Dream,”
Boston Review
, May-June 2011. See
http://bostonreview.net/BR36.3/robert_baird_qaddafi_mosque.php
.
93
Haddad, “La Politique Africaine,” p. 33.
CHAPTER 3Haddad, “La Politique Africaine,” p. 33.
1
Waniss A. Otman and Erling Karlberg,
The Libyan Economy: Economic Diversification and International Repositioning
(Springer: Berlin, 2007), p. 409.
Waniss A. Otman and Erling Karlberg,
The Libyan Economy: Economic Diversification and International Repositioning
(Springer: Berlin, 2007), p. 409.
3
Gary Hart, “My Secret Talks with Libya and Why they Went Nowhere,”
Washington Post
, Sunday, January 18, 2004,
http://www.washingtonpost.com/ac2/wp-dyn/A23872-2004Jan16?language=printer
Gary Hart, “My Secret Talks with Libya and Why they Went Nowhere,”
Washington Post
, Sunday, January 18, 2004,
http://www.washingtonpost.com/ac2/wp-dyn/A23872-2004Jan16?language=printer
4
Farrakhan claims to have received millions in support from Gaddafi since 1971. See
http://www.suntimes.com/4600486-417/louis-farrakhan-defends-gadhafi-as-a-brother.html
.
Farrakhan claims to have received millions in support from Gaddafi since 1971. See
http://www.suntimes.com/4600486-417/louis-farrakhan-defends-gadhafi-as-a-brother.html
.
5
Meghan L. O'Sullivan,
Shrewd Sanctions: Statecraft and State Sponsors of Terrorism
(Washington, DC: Brookings, 2003), p. 200.
Meghan L. O'Sullivan,
Shrewd Sanctions: Statecraft and State Sponsors of Terrorism
(Washington, DC: Brookings, 2003), p. 200.
6
Judith Gurney,
Libya: The Political Economy of Oil
(Oxford, England: Oxford University Press, 1996), p. 82.
Judith Gurney,
Libya: The Political Economy of Oil
(Oxford, England: Oxford University Press, 1996), p. 82.
7
André Martel, “La Libye, Vingt ans Apres (1986â2005),”
Maghreb-Machrek
, no. 194 (Summer 2005): 24.
André Martel, “La Libye, Vingt ans Apres (1986â2005),”
Maghreb-Machrek
, no. 194 (Summer 2005): 24.
8
Moncef Dja iri, “La Crise de Lockerbie,” in
L'annuaire de l'Afrique du Nord
(Paris: CNRS, 2000), p. 191.
Moncef Dja iri, “La Crise de Lockerbie,” in
L'annuaire de l'Afrique du Nord
(Paris: CNRS, 2000), p. 191.
10
Alan Friedman,
Agnelli: Fiat and the Network of Italian Power
(New York: American Library, 1989), p. 199.
Alan Friedman,
Agnelli: Fiat and the Network of Italian Power
(New York: American Library, 1989), p. 199.
12
The identity of Fletcher's assassin was disclosed after the 2011 revolution; he was found dead shortly thereafter. See
http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/april/17/newsid_2488000/2488369.stm
.
The identity of Fletcher's assassin was disclosed after the 2011 revolution; he was found dead shortly thereafter. See
http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/april/17/newsid_2488000/2488369.stm
.
14
Jeffrey Steinberg and Scott Thompson, “An Imperial Love Affair,”
Executive Intelligence Review
, March 11, 2011.
Jeffrey Steinberg and Scott Thompson, “An Imperial Love Affair,”
Executive Intelligence Review
, March 11, 2011.
16
Chorin interviews, sources requested anonymity.
Chorin interviews, sources requested anonymity.
18
Lyn Boyd Judson, “A Medal of Good Hope: Mandela, Qaddafi, and the Lockerbie Negotiations,” Pew Case Studies in International Affairs, no. 273, 2004, p. 5.
Lyn Boyd Judson, “A Medal of Good Hope: Mandela, Qaddafi, and the Lockerbie Negotiations,” Pew Case Studies in International Affairs, no. 273, 2004, p. 5.
19
Bandar quipped famously in 2001, in connection with questions about the “British Aerospace” scandal, that “we [the Saudis] did not invent corruption.” See
http://www.guardian.co.uk/baefiles/page/0,,2095831,00.html
.
Bandar quipped famously in 2001, in connection with questions about the “British Aerospace” scandal, that “we [the Saudis] did not invent corruption.” See
http://www.guardian.co.uk/baefiles/page/0,,2095831,00.html
.
20
Judson, “A Medal of Good Hope,” p. 6.
Judson, “A Medal of Good Hope,” p. 6.
21
Ibid., p. 7.
Ibid., p. 7.
22
Ibid., p. 9.
Ibid., p. 9.
23
Ibid., p. 6.
Ibid., p. 6.
24
Ronald Bruce St. John, “Libya and the United States: A Faustian Pact?”
Middle East Policy
XV, no. 1 (Spring 2008).
Ronald Bruce St. John, “Libya and the United States: A Faustian Pact?”
Middle East Policy
XV, no. 1 (Spring 2008).
25
The US opened a channel with the PLO, as a means of verifying what the Saudis were doing and to make sure, according to Martin Indyk, that “Bandar was straight” and that the Libyans were complying with closing the the Palestinian training camps.
The US opened a channel with the PLO, as a means of verifying what the Saudis were doing and to make sure, according to Martin Indyk, that “Bandar was straight” and that the Libyans were complying with closing the the Palestinian training camps.
26
See
http://www.chron.com/news/nation-world/article/Gaddafi-calls-Israelis-Palestinians-idiots-1479401.php
.
See
http://www.chron.com/news/nation-world/article/Gaddafi-calls-Israelis-Palestinians-idiots-1479401.php
.
27
St. John, “Libya and the United States.”
St. John, “Libya and the United States.”
28
Chorin interviews with ambassadors David Welch and Martin Indyk, November-December 2011.
Chorin interviews with ambassadors David Welch and Martin Indyk, November-December 2011.
29
Chorin interview with Indyk, December 2011.
Chorin interview with Indyk, December 2011.
30
Judson, “A Medal of Good Hope,” p. 11.
Judson, “A Medal of Good Hope,” p. 11.
31
Chorin interviews, sources requested anonymity.
Chorin interviews, sources requested anonymity.
32
Chorin interviews, sources requested anonymity.
Chorin interviews, sources requested anonymity.
33
Chorin interview with Indyk, November 29, 2011.
Chorin interview with Indyk, November 29, 2011.
35
Ibid., p. 293.
Ibid., p. 293.
36
Ronald Bruce St. John,
Libya and the United States: Two Centuries of Strife
(Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2002), p. 187.
Ronald Bruce St. John,
Libya and the United States: Two Centuries of Strife
(Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2002), p. 187.
37
Daya Gamage, “Intelligence Partnership between Libya and the CIA on CounterTerrorism,”
Asian Tribune
, March 21, 2011. See
Asiantribune.com
.
Daya Gamage, “Intelligence Partnership between Libya and the CIA on CounterTerrorism,”
Asian Tribune
, March 21, 2011. See
Asiantribune.com
.
39
Chorin interview with David Welch, November 2011; and with Sandra Charles, February 2012.
Chorin interview with David Welch, November 2011; and with Sandra Charles, February 2012.
40
See
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/02/27/paul-wolfowitz-obama-libya-pan-am-families-bush-gaddafi_n_828797.html
.
See
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/02/27/paul-wolfowitz-obama-libya-pan-am-families-bush-gaddafi_n_828797.html
.
41
In 2004, the Libyans, via Saif 's charity, settled with the families of the UTA bombing for a collective $170 million. A French court found Gaddafi's son-in-law Abdullah Sennusi, head of internal security; his right-hand man, Abdelsalam Hammouda; and four others guilty
in absentia
of the attack.
In 2004, the Libyans, via Saif 's charity, settled with the families of the UTA bombing for a collective $170 million. A French court found Gaddafi's son-in-law Abdullah Sennusi, head of internal security; his right-hand man, Abdelsalam Hammouda; and four others guilty
in absentia
of the attack.
42
Robert G. Joseph,
Countering WMD: The Libyan Experience
(Fairfax, VA: National Institute Press, 2009), pp. 63â65.
Robert G. Joseph,
Countering WMD: The Libyan Experience
(Fairfax, VA: National Institute Press, 2009), pp. 63â65.
43
“Bush Doctrine,” November 15, 2011, accessed in November 2011,
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bush_Doctrine
.
“Bush Doctrine,” November 15, 2011, accessed in November 2011,
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bush_Doctrine
.
45
Rumors current in Libya at this time held that Gaddafi's wife, Safiya, was hysterical after the killing of Saddam's sons Uday and Kusai on July 22, 2003, and pleaded with her husband to save their sons from the same fate.
Rumors current in Libya at this time held that Gaddafi's wife, Safiya, was hysterical after the killing of Saddam's sons Uday and Kusai on July 22, 2003, and pleaded with her husband to save their sons from the same fate.
48
Martin Indyk, “The Iraq War Did Not Force Gadaffi's Hand,” Brookings, March 9, 2004,
http://www.brookings.edu/opinions/2004/0309middleeast_indyk.aspx
.
Martin Indyk, “The Iraq War Did Not Force Gadaffi's Hand,” Brookings, March 9, 2004,
http://www.brookings.edu/opinions/2004/0309middleeast_indyk.aspx
.
49
Chorin interview with Wayne White, former deputy director of the State Department's Near East/South Asia Intelligence Office, March 5, 2012.
Chorin interview with Wayne White, former deputy director of the State Department's Near East/South Asia Intelligence Office, March 5, 2012.
51
Chorin interview, source requested anonymity.
Chorin interview, source requested anonymity.
54
Abdul Qadeer (A.Q.) Khan is a senior Pakistani nuclear scientist responsible for creating global nuclear proliferation network that included China, North Korea, Iran, Iraq, and Libya.
Abdul Qadeer (A.Q.) Khan is a senior Pakistani nuclear scientist responsible for creating global nuclear proliferation network that included China, North Korea, Iran, Iraq, and Libya.
55
Wyn Q. Bowen, “Libya and Nuclear Proliferation: Stepping Back from the Brink” (London: International Institute for Strategic Studies, 2006), p. 44.
Wyn Q. Bowen, “Libya and Nuclear Proliferation: Stepping Back from the Brink” (London: International Institute for Strategic Studies, 2006), p. 44.
56
Ibid., p. 44.
Ibid., p. 44.
57
Jean-François Daguzan, “De L'ennemi No. 2 au Premier de la Classe, Analyse de l'Abandon Reussi d'une Politique de Proliferation,”
Maghreb-Machrek
, no. 184 (Summer 2005): 76.
Jean-François Daguzan, “De L'ennemi No. 2 au Premier de la Classe, Analyse de l'Abandon Reussi d'une Politique de Proliferation,”
Maghreb-Machrek
, no. 184 (Summer 2005): 76.
58
Ibid.
Ibid.
59
Mohammed El Baradei,
The Age of Deception: Nuclear Diplomacy in Treacherous Times
(Doha: Bloomsbury Qatar Foundation Press, 2011), p. 158.
Mohammed El Baradei,
The Age of Deception: Nuclear Diplomacy in Treacherous Times
(Doha: Bloomsbury Qatar Foundation Press, 2011), p. 158.
60
Ibid.
Ibid.
61
Daguzan, “De l'ennemi,” pp. 74â75.
Daguzan, “De l'ennemi,” pp. 74â75.
62
See
http://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2004/07/images/20040712_p42133-103-515h.html
.
See
http://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2004/07/images/20040712_p42133-103-515h.html
.
66
Unattributed, “Paul Wolfowitz Hits Obama on Libya, Blames Pan Am Families for Bush Policy Toward Gaddafi,” video, February 27, 2011,
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/02/27/paul-wolfowitz-obama-libya-pan-am-families-bush-gaddafi_n_828797.html
.
Unattributed, “Paul Wolfowitz Hits Obama on Libya, Blames Pan Am Families for Bush Policy Toward Gaddafi,” video, February 27, 2011,
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/02/27/paul-wolfowitz-obama-libya-pan-am-families-bush-gaddafi_n_828797.html
.
67
Glen Segell,
Axis of Evil and Rogue States: the Bush Administration, 2000â2004
, Google Books, p. 143.
Glen Segell,
Axis of Evil and Rogue States: the Bush Administration, 2000â2004
, Google Books, p. 143.
68
TIFA = Trade and Investment Framework Agreement, typically used as an intermediary step to more formal or expansive trade agreements. The US and Libya signed a TIFA on May 20, 2010, after two years of negotiations. See
http://libya.usembassy.gov/news-events/news-from-the-embassy2/united-states-and-libya-sign-trade-and-investment-framework-agreement.html
.
TIFA = Trade and Investment Framework Agreement, typically used as an intermediary step to more formal or expansive trade agreements. The US and Libya signed a TIFA on May 20, 2010, after two years of negotiations. See
http://libya.usembassy.gov/news-events/news-from-the-embassy2/united-states-and-libya-sign-trade-and-investment-framework-agreement.html
.
69
Chorin interview with Assistant Secretary Elliott Abrams, September 2011.
Chorin interview with Assistant Secretary Elliott Abrams, September 2011.
71
Chorin interview with Assistant Secretary David Welch, November 2011.
Chorin interview with Assistant Secretary David Welch, November 2011.
73
Chorin interview with Wayne White, April 2012.
Chorin interview with Wayne White, April 2012.
74
C
h
orin interview with Ibrahim Sahad, former head of the National Front for the Salvation of Libya (NFSL), January 2012.
C
h
orin interview with Ibrahim Sahad, former head of the National Front for the Salvation of Libya (NFSL), January 2012.
75
Chorin interview with Fred Abrahams, April 2012.
CHAPTER 4Chorin interview with Fred Abrahams, April 2012.
1
See
http://articles.cnn.com/2004-02-06/world/us.libya_1_libyan-government-libyan-officials-travel-ban?_s=PM
:WORLD
See
http://articles.cnn.com/2004-02-06/world/us.libya_1_libyan-government-libyan-officials-travel-ban?_s=PM
:WORLD
2
Chorin interview, source requested anonymity.
Chorin interview, source requested anonymity.
3
Chorin interview with Wayne White, March 8, 2012.
Chorin interview with Wayne White, March 8, 2012.
4
Ibid., April 2012.
Ibid., April 2012.
5
For most of the first year, US diplomats were confined to a twenty-mile cordon around Tripoli and could only travel outside those limits with express approval from the Ministry of Foreign Liaison.
For most of the first year, US diplomats were confined to a twenty-mile cordon around Tripoli and could only travel outside those limits with express approval from the Ministry of Foreign Liaison.
6
Chorin interview, source requested anonymity.
Chorin interview, source requested anonymity.
7
See
http://www.nbcphiladelphia.com/news/politics/Former-Pa-Rep-Curt-Weldon-Invited-to-Libya-119326809.html
.
See
http://www.nbcphiladelphia.com/news/politics/Former-Pa-Rep-Curt-Weldon-Invited-to-Libya-119326809.html
.
8
Wyn Q. Bowen, “Libya and Nuclear Proliferation: Stepping Back from the Brink” (London, England: IISS, 2006), p. 79.
Wyn Q. Bowen, “Libya and Nuclear Proliferation: Stepping Back from the Brink” (London, England: IISS, 2006), p. 79.
9
Ethan Chorin, “The Future of the U.S.-Libyan Commercial Relationship,” in
Libya Since 1969: Qadhafi's Revolution Revisited
, Dirk Vandewalle, ed. (New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan, 2008), pp. 153â171.
Ethan Chorin, “The Future of the U.S.-Libyan Commercial Relationship,” in
Libya Since 1969: Qadhafi's Revolution Revisited
, Dirk Vandewalle, ed. (New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan, 2008), pp. 153â171.
10
Chorin interview, source requested anonymity.
Chorin interview, source requested anonymity.
11
Chorin, “The Future,” p. 166.
Chorin, “The Future,” p. 166.
12
Paul Blumenthal, “U.S. Companies Lobbied To Keep Libyan Market Open For Business,” February 23, 2011; see
http://sunlightfoundation.com/blog/2011/02/23/u-s-companies-lobbied-to-keep-libyan-market-open-for-business-2
.
Paul Blumenthal, “U.S. Companies Lobbied To Keep Libyan Market Open For Business,” February 23, 2011; see
http://sunlightfoundation.com/blog/2011/02/23/u-s-companies-lobbied-to-keep-libyan-market-open-for-business-2
.
13
“US receives 1.5 billion dollars in compensation from Libya,”
Agence-France Presse
, October 31, 2008.
“US receives 1.5 billion dollars in compensation from Libya,”
Agence-France Presse
, October 31, 2008.
15
Nayed would later distinguish himself as the head of the National Transition Council's (NTC) Stabilization Committee, and subsequently as Libyan ambassador to the UAE.
Nayed would later distinguish himself as the head of the National Transition Council's (NTC) Stabilization Committee, and subsequently as Libyan ambassador to the UAE.
16
Chorin interview with Burhaneddin al Muntasser, February 2012.
Chorin interview with Burhaneddin al Muntasser, February 2012.
17
Chorin interview with Husni Bey, July 2011.
Chorin interview with Husni Bey, July 2011.
18
Ibid., June 2012.
Ibid., June 2012.
19
Qureena/Oea: rajulal a'maal al libii Husni Bey: Khufitu wa Ujbirt ala tawqi' sheek bi milieen li ifraj âanni, November 14, 2007.
Qureena/Oea: rajulal a'maal al libii Husni Bey: Khufitu wa Ujbirt ala tawqi' sheek bi milieen li ifraj âanni, November 14, 2007.
20
Chorin interview with Husni Bey, March 28, 2012.
Chorin interview with Husni Bey, March 28, 2012.
23
Chorin interviews, sources requested anonymity.
Chorin interviews, sources requested anonymity.
24
Elizabeth Douglass, “Occidental CEO's 2006 paycheck: $460 million,”
Los Angeles Times
, April 7, 2007.
Elizabeth Douglass, “Occidental CEO's 2006 paycheck: $460 million,”
Los Angeles Times
, April 7, 2007.
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