Double Victory (35 page)

Johnson, Alice,
82

Johnson, Ashley,
172

Johnson, Claretta,
13

Johnson, Cordelia Green,
54

Johnson, Dovey,
71
,
91–92

Johnson, Faustina,
164–65

Johnson, Grace Nail,
161

Johnson, Sara B.,
187

Johnson, Sara R.,
182

Johnson, Thelma,
106

Johnson, Thomasina “Tommie” Walker,
72–73
,
170

Johnson, Willie Lee,
82
,
189
,
189

Jones, Camille King,
179

Jones, Elnora,
125

Jones, Gabriel,
192

Jones, Grace Crump,
175

Jones, Helen,
213–14

Jones, Rae Lee,
231

journalists,
31–37

Jubilee
radio show,
215

Kansas City Call
(newspaper),
172

Kearney, Mary Frances,
92

Keep Shufflin'
USO tour,
205

Kelly, Ruby,
182–83

Kendrick, Margaret,
135

Kennedy, John F.,
236

Keye, Alice,
160

Keyes, Evelyn,
205

King, Lula,
22

King, Martin Luther, Jr.,
3
,
236

Ku Klux Klan,
231

labor camps,
137

Labor Division of the War Production Board,
8–9

labor shortages,
7
,
10–11
,
76
,
153

labor unions,
24–25
,
42
,
45

LaGuardia, F. H.,
148
,
150

Landrum, Anna,
125
,
135
,
137

Lane, Layle,
45–
46
,
47
,
48
,
51
,
54
,
238

Lang, Charlie,
40–41

Lang, Zola Mae,
122

Lathion, Polly,
135

Latimer, Magnolia,
177–78

Lawson, Senora B.,
54

lawsuits

against AWVS,
161–62

against black homeowners,
202

against LSU nursing program,
238

against racial discrimination,
13–14
,
236

against school segregation,
235

Leach, Marie,
188

Ledo Road,
134
–35,
209

Lee, Hazel,
116–17

Lee, Inda DeVerne,
81–83
,
237

Lee, Sandra,
207

Le Havre, France,
112

Lend-Lease Act,
43

Lesesne, Lillie L.,
135

Le Vine, Lillian,
170–71

Lewis, Ann,
206–7

Lewis, Cleomine,
116–17

Lewis, Dora,
148

Lewis, Mary,
105

Liberia,
121–25

“Liberia Blues, The” (Calloway),
123

Liberian Humane Order of African Redemption,
124

Ligon, Eloise,
82

“Lipstick” (Garrett),
32

lobbyists, black,
72

Logan, Betty,
206

Lombard, Carole,
199

London, England,
190

Lonewolf, Helen Chequita,
182

Los Angeles riots,
4

Louis, Marva,
154
–55

Louisiana Amazon Guards,
223

Louisiana State University,
238

Lowther, Dolly,
147

Lucas, Olive,
135

lynchings,
39–41

Maddox, Pearl,
60–61

Madison Square Garden protest,
51–52

malaria,
121
,
123–24

Mallory, Arenia,
162–63

Manley, Norma,
184

Marchesi, Blanche,
226

March on Annapolis,
65–67

March on Washington,
42
,
45–48
,
49
,
237

March on Washington Movement (MOWM),
50
,
52–54

Marine Corps,
44
,
118

Martin, C. Gladys,
177–78
,
186

Mary Mahoney Award,
124

Mathews, Claudia,
125

Maxwell, Chrystalee,
123

Maxwell, Doris,
113

Mayers, Marjorie,
125
,
128

Mayo, Lucille,
106

McAdory, Mildred,
141
,
192

McAllister, Lucille,
180
,
186

McAlpine, Alice,
227

McDaniel, Hattie,
198
,
199–203

McDuffie, J. Pericles,
190

McGee, Evelyn,
213–14

McGuire, Jack,
207

McKreever, Lawrence,
128

McNeal, Thelma,
53

McNeely, Eloise,
113–14

Metropolitan Council of Negro Women,
147

Mighty Seventh War Bond Drive,
229

military police,
113

Miller, Louise,
125
,
129–30
,
140

Miller, Taps,
210

Miller, Viola,
188

“Million Dollar War Bond Show,”
197

Mitchell, Juanita Jackson,
65
,
66–67
,
236

Monroe, Clara,
105

Monroe, Millie,
160

Montgomery, Bernard,
210–11

Montgomery, James,
189

Morrow, Juanita,
188

MOWM (March on Washington Movement),
50
,
52–54

Murmansk Run,
224

Murray, Pauli,
54–56
,
57

Myers, E. Pauline,
50–51
,
53
,
54
,
237–38

NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People),
2

National Association of Colored

Graduate Nurses (NACGN),
74
,
78
,
124

National Association of Colored Women (NACW),
70

National Council of Negro Women (NCNW),
70

National Negro Airmen's

Association of America,
27
,
30

National Negro Congress,
25

National Non-Partisan Council on Public Affairs,
72

National Nurse Training Act,
73

National Youth Administration (NYA),
69

Navy Nurse Corps,
77–78

Navy Yards,
14

Neal, Grady,
133–34

Neal, Hazel,
133–34
,
136
,
137

Negro Committee for United Action to Defeat Hitler and Hitlerism,
149

Negro Employment and Training Branch,
8–9

Negro Nurses in the War conference,
76

Negro Red Cross Nurse's Aide Corps,
175

Negro USO Clubs,
166–67

“Negro Women War Workers” bulletin,
37–38

neighborhood associations,
114–16
,
201–2

Newman, Frank,
183

Newman, James,
183

New Orleans, Louisiana,
151

Newson, Mary,
20

newspapers,
31–37

New York Amsterdam News
,
1

19th Amendment,
2

nonviolence,
50–51
,
53
,
54

Non-Violent, Good Will, Direct Action campaign,
53–54

Non-Violent, Good Will, Direct Action
(Myers),
50

Norford, Thomasina Walker Johnson,
1–2

nurse aides,
152–53
,
175–77

nurses

in Australia,
125–28
,
127

in CBI theater,
133–37

civilian,
79–81

in Europe,
130–32

in Florence, Arizona,
137–39
,
138

in Liberia,
118–25
,
120

in military,
73–78
,
118
,
131
,
139–40

in Philippines,
129

shortages,
76
,
153

training programs,
73
,
75
,
80
,
238

NYA (National Youth Administration),
69

Obama, Barack,
235

Obama, Michelle,
235

O'Bryant, Essie Dell,
102
,
111–12

O'Bryant, Ida Susie,
102

O'Bryant, Tessie Theresa,
102
,
111–12

O'Connor, Sandra Day,
3–4

O'Conor, Herbert R.,
65
,
66–67

Office of Civilian Defense (OCD),
67–68
,
144–49
,
150–51
,
152

Office of Price Administration (OPA),
169

Office of War Information,
7

Oliver, Glennye,
106

“On the Sidewalk” (Bass),
33

Original Illinois Housewives Association,
170–71

Osby, Mildred,
91

Ottley, Vincent Lushington “Roi,”
179
,
180

Outlaw, Grace,
183

Pace, Marie Harding,
60

pamphlets,
8
,
50

Parker, Mary,
184

Parks, Rosa,
3
,
236

Paterson, Jewell,
122

Payne, Ethel,
52
,
53
,
63–64

Payne, Hazel Dixon,
181–82
,
193

Pembrook, Dollie,
207

Pennsylvania House of Representatives,
67

Pettiford, Ruth,
148

Petty, Mary L.,
130

Philippines,
129

Phillips, Bettye Murphy,
35–37
,
36

Pickens, Harriet Ida,
117

Pierce, Ora,
137–38
,
139

Pinkett, Flaxie,
170

Pitts, Lucia,
113–14

Pittsburgh Courier
(newspaper),
62
,
126
,
133
,
184

Pius, Ruth,
188

Plenty Potent
USO tour,
208

point-rationing system,
147
,
169–70

police brutality,
65
,
66
,
142–43

pools,
82

Postal Directory Service,
110
,
111–14
,
112

Powell, Gladys,
188

Pratt, Thelma,
186

prisoner of war hospitals,
131–32
,
137–39

protests

against discrimination,
51–54

of Lend-Lease Act,
43

March on Annapolis,
65–67

March on Washington,
42
,
45–48
,
49
,
237

restaurant sit-ins,
56–62

racial discrimination.
See also
racism; segregation

in AWVS,
161–62

at Boston USO center,
167–68

in CAP,
30–31

in civilian defense groups,
146
,
149–52

covenants,
114–16
,
201–2

damage to war effort,
41
,
86

by DAR,
3
,
231–33

in government agencies,
64

government programs,
14
,
48–49

in hospitals,
75
,
80–81
,
115
,
176–77

in hotels,
195
,
213

in job market,
3
,
5–8
,
9
,
11–16
,
44

laws against,
3
,
44
,
150
,
235–36

in military,
28
,
44–45
,
50
,
140

against nurses,
73–75
,
76–77
,
79–81

prevalence of,
140
,
192
,
195
,
234

in Red Cross,
82–83
,
151–52
,
173–76

in restaurants,
56–62
,
64–65
,
129–30
,
140
,
195–96
,
214–15

in US Navy,
73
,
116–17

in WAAC,
89
,
100

in workplaces,
16–18

racism.
See also
racial discrimination; segregation

American attitude,
140
,
180
,
192
,
225
,
234

beliefs about blacks,
12
,
98

British attitude,
180

education about,
68

European attitude,
217

Rahn, Muriel,
230

railroad workers,
22–23

Randall, Constance,
218–19

Randall, Geraldine,
183

Randolph, A. Philip,
42–43
,
45
,
47–48
,
49
,
51