Dönitz: The Last Führer (86 page)

  
20
   FdU KTB 1.10.1939

  
21
   Farrago, p. 189

  
22
   ibid., p. 190

  
23
   Dönitz:
10 Jahre
, p. 68

  
24
   Frank:
Enemy Submarine
, p. 34

  
25
   v. Puttkamer, p. 24

  
26
   Shirer:
Berlin Diary
, p. 190

  
27
   Skl.
Denkschrift
:
den verschäftigen Seekrieg gegen England
, Oct. 15, 1939. PG 32611; cited Salewski, vol. III, p. 73

  
28
   ibid., pp. 92–3;
Anlage
3

  
29
   Standing Order, No. 1; cited IMT Doc. 642-D, vol. 35, pp. 264–5

  
30
   v. Hassell:
Vom Andern Deutschland
, pp. 92–3

  
31
   Cited IMT, vol. 13, p. 260

  
32
   Cited IMT, Doc. 642-D, vol. 35, p. 270

  
33
   ibid., p. 266

  
34
   ibid., p. 269

  
35
   BdU KTB 23.10.1939

  
36
   ibid., 27.10.1939

  
37
   ibid., 31.10.1939

  
38
   ibid., 14.12.1939

  
39
   ibid., 21.1.1940

  
40
   A/S R Jan/Feb., 1940, vol. 1, p. 107

  
41
   ibid., p. 104

  
42
   ibid., p. 132

  
43
   Shirer:
Berlin Diary
, p. 215

  
44
   BdU KTB 15.5.1940

  
45
   See Shirer:
Berlin Diary
, p. 331

  
46
   1 Skl. 3.6.1940, signed Fricke; cited Salewski, vol. III, pp. 105ff.

  
47
   14.6.40, signed Carls; cited ibid.

  
48
   BdU KTB 12.6.1940

  
49
   Roskill, vol. I, p. 615

  
50
   ibid., p. 616 gives 195,825 tons for U-boat sinkings; A/S R July gives 213,938 tons

  
51
   Jodl interviewed by Cdre. G. R. G. Allen, May 21–4, 1945, PRO ADM 1 18222

  
52
   v. Puttkamer, p. 38

  
53
   See
Betrachtungen über Russland
, by Fricke, July 28, 1940; cited Salewski, Vol. III, pp. 137ff.; also
Denkschrift
signed Raeder, Feb. 25, 1942; cited Salewski, vol. III, p. 273

  
54
   A/S R Sept. 1941, vol. IV, p. 295

  
55
   See Beesley, pp. 26–8

  
56
   BdU KTB 20–22.9.1940

  
57
   See Herzog & Schomaekers, pp. 100–2

  
58
   BdU KTB 20.10.1940

  
59
   ibid.

  
60
   A/S R Oct. 1940, vol. II, p. 74

  
61
   A/S R Nov. 1940, vol. II, p. 113

  
62
   ibid.

  
63
   ibid., p. 156

  
64
   ibid., p. 164

  
65
   Hans Meckel (formerly A4 U-boat HQ Staff) to author, June 24, 1981

  
66
   Frank:
Sea Wolves
, p. 63

  
67
   Adml. E. Wegener to author, June 24, 1981

  
68
   A/S R March 1941, vol. III, p. 137

  
69
   A/S R April 1941, vol. III, p. 202

  
70
   ibid., p. 209

  
71
   ibid., p. 210

  
72
   to author, May 31, 1982

  
73
   Frau Hessler to author, July 29, 1982; the previous description of Dönitz’s typical day chiefly from Hans Meckel, formerly A4 U-boat HQ staff, to author

  
74
   See for instance interrogation survivors of U 110, A/S R June 1941, vol. III, p. 333

  
75
   BdU KTB 16.11.1941

  
76
   ibid.

  
77
   See Roskill, vol. I, p. 364

  
78
   All quotes from A/S R June 1941, vol. III, p. 327–32

  
79
   See Beesley, p. 95

  
80
   BdU KTB 7.1.1941

  
81
   ibid., 6.5.1941

  
82
   ibid., 12.12.1940

  
83
   v. Puttkamer, p. 44

  
84
   See Warlimont, pp. 160–62; also Irving, pp. 222 ff.

  
85
   Halder’s note of Hitler’s final words in Warlimont, p. 162

  
86
   Warlimont, p. 164

  
87
   See p. 197

  
88
   Dönitz:
U-bootswaffe
, p. 132

  
89
   Warlimont, p. 208

  
90
   Cited Salewski, vol. I, p. 511

  
91
   ibid.

  
92
   1/Skl. KTB A 7.12.1941

  
93
   BdU KTB 9.12.1941

  
94
   ibid.

  
95
   Beesley, p. 107

  
96
   BdU KTB 7.2.1942

  
97
   Dr K. Silex in
Deutsche Allgemeine Zeitung
, transl. in A/S R March 1942, vol. V, p. 163

  
98
   BdU KTB 15.4.1942

  
99
   1/Skl. KTB Teil C VIII 9.1.1942. PG 32194

100
   1/Skl. KTB Teil C IV, Skl. U la,
Auswirkung der Arbeiterlage und des Rohstoffmangels auf die Führung des U-bootkrieges
, Jan. 22, 1942. PG 32174

101
   ibid., p. 27

102
   BdU KTB 30.4.1942

103
   F/
Vorträge
, May 14, 1942. PG 32187

104
   See OKM Abt. Wi Wr 1171/42 gk,
Die Wehrwirtschaftliche Lage des Auslands
, p. 6 in 1/Skl. KTB Teil C XII, 23.4.1942. PG 32210

105
   A/S R April 1942, vol. V, p. 177

106
   ibid., p. 179

107
   See Salewski, vol. II, pp. 72ff. ‘The Great Plan’; also Salewski, vol. III, pp. 287ff. ‘
Lagebetrachtung der Skl
.’, 20.10.42; also G. Schreiber: ‘
Zur Kontinuität des Gross- und Weltmachtstrebens der deutschen Marineführung
’ in MGM 2/1979, pp. 127ff.,142f.,147ff.

108
   Halder’s diary, June 12, 1942: cited Warlimont, p. 229

109
   IMT Doc. D-423, vol. 5, p. 219

110
   F/
Vorträge
May 14, 1942. PG 32187

111
   A/S R Nov. 1941, vol. IV, p. 295

112
   BdU KTB 26.3.1942

113
   See Marrus & Paxton, p. 226; also Pryce-Jones, p. 131

114
   Herzog & Schomaekers, p. 308

115
   A/S R Nov. 1941, vol. IV, p. 295

116
   Trevor-Roper:
Table Talk
, p. 696

117
   1/Skl. KTB Teil C IV. Telegram 13.9.1942. PG 32174

118
   BdU KTB 21.8.1942

119
   A/S R Jan. 1942, vol. V, p. 52

120
   ibid.

121
   A/S R Oct. 1941, vol. IV, p. 226

122
   BdU KTB 3.9.1942

123
   Total U-boat losses to Aug. 24, 1942:105 boats, 4.9 percent. of the front boats; 3,803 officers and men lost. From Summary of U-boat losses, 24.8.1942.
Anlage zu
1/Skl. U la Gkdos 3221/42; 1/Skl. KTB Teil C IV. PG 32174

124
   3 Abt. F.H. B Nr. 85/42 gKdos Chefs:
Einfluss der Schiffsversenkungen
, Sept. 9, 1942, p. 4; 1/Skl. KTB Teil C IV. PG 32174

125
   BdU 3764 Gkdos:
Beeinträchtigung U-bootskriegsführung durch feindliche Luftwaffe
, 9.9.1942. PG 32174

126
   BdU B Nr. Gkdos Chefs 349 A 4:
Waffenentwicklung für U-boote
, signed Dönitz Sept. 9, 1942, p. 3. PG 32174

127
   Dönitz:
10 Jahre
, p. 250

128
   ibid., p. 253

129
   BdU KTB 16.9.1942

130
   1/Skl. la 22792/42 gKds, den 14.9.42, p. 2 in 1/Skl. KTB Teil C VIII. PG 32194

131
   1/Skl KTB A 14.9.1942

132
   IMT Doc. D 650, vol. 35, pp. 304ff.

133
   V. Oehrn to author, May 31, 1982

134
   Hans Meckel to author, June 24, 1981

135
   Atlantic op. order No. 56, Oct. 7, 1943, repeating an order of autumn 1942: IMT Doc. D-663, vol. 25, pp. 338ff.

136
   Affidavit of
Korv. Kap
. Möhle, July 21, 1945: IMT Doc 376-PS, vol. 25, pp. 395ff.; also Möhle’s testimony, IMT vol. 5, pp. 233ff.

137
   Affidavit of P. J. Heisig, Nov. 27, 1945: IMT Doc. D-566, vol. 35, pp. 161–2; also Heisig’s testimony, IMT vol. 5, pp. 223ff.

138
   F/
Vorträge
, Sept. 28, 1942. PG 32187; also copy of this discussion ‘
zur Kenntnis und weiterer Veranlassung übersandt
’, signed Schulte-Monting, Oct. 3, 1942 in 1/Skl. KTB Teil C IV. PG 32174

139
   1/Skl. KTB Teil C VIII, 3.10.1942. PG 32194

140
   Cited Warlimont, p. 268

141
   BdU KTB 30.11.1942

142
   Herzog & Schomaekers, p. 307; Nov. sinkings: 117 ships of total 737,665 tons

143
   BdU KTB 14.12.1942

144
   Frank:
Sea Wolves
, pp. 146–7

145
   Speer:
Erinnerungen
, p. 257

146
   ibid., p. 285

147
   Raeder to Hitler, 14.1.1943: cited G. Sandhofer;
Dokumente zu militärischem Werdegang des Gr. admls Dönitz
, in MGM 1/1967, p. 80

148
   
P/Akte
:
Beurteilung
July 1, 1942

149
   
P/Akte
:
Beurteilung
Nov. 1, 1942

150
   BdU KTB 31.12.1942

151
   A/S R Jan. 1943, vol. VII, p. 5

SIX
The Grand Admiral

    
1
   Feb. 5, 1943; cited M. Salewski: ‘
Von Raeder zu Dönitz
’ in MGM 2/1973, p. 146

    
2
   See Irving, p. 483

    
3
   v. Roon, p. 376

    
4
   J. Hansen-Nootbar to author, July 1982

    
5
   Feb. 5, 1943; cited M. Salewski: ‘
Von Raeder zu Dönitz
’ in MGM 2/1973, p. 146

    
6
   J. Hansen-Nootbar to author, July 1982

    
7
   See Salewski, vol. II, p. 245

    
8
   J. Hansen-Nootbar to author, July 1982

    
9
   Hinsley, p. 531

  
10
   F/
Vorträge
Feb. 26, 1943. PG 32188

  
11
   v. Puttkamer, p. 53

  
12
   See Salewski, vol. II, p. 238

  
13
   F. Lynder to author, Nov. 1982

  
14
   See Beesley, pp. 176ff.

  
15
   BdU KTB 23.3.1943

  
16
   For this battle see Roskill, vol. 2, pp. 365ff.; also Middlebrook, p. 206; also Jacobsen & Rohwer, pp. 289ff.

  
17
   BdU KTB 20.3.1943: ‘Final remarks on Convoy 19’

  
18
   ibid., 23.3.1943

  
19
   Adml. Sir M. Horton to Adml. Darke, 23.3.1943; cited Chalmers, p. 188

  
20
   March 31, decree: cited Salewski, vol. II, p. 278

  
21
   BdU KTB 7.4.1943

  
22
   F/
Vorträge
, April 11, 1943. PG 32188

  
23
   See Salewski, vol. II, pp. 630ff.

  
24
   Capt. G. H. Roberts, RN report on interrogations of
Adml
. E. Godt, Kapt. G. Hessler and others, May 1945: PRO ADM 1 17561

  
25
   BdU KTB 25.4.1943

  
26
   Admty. Tracking Rm. Report, April 19, 1943: cited Beesley, pp. 180–1

  
27
   A/S R April, 1943, vol. 7, p. 184

  
28
   See Capt. Roberts’ interrogation of
Kap
. G. Hessler, May 1945: PRO ADM 1 17561

  
29
   BdU KTB 1.5.1943

  
30
   ibid., 6.5.1943: ‘Summary on Convoy No. 36’

  
31
   ibid., 5.5.1943

  
32
   1/Skl. KTB Teil C IV. PG 32174

  
33
   1/Skl. KTB A 4.4.1943

  
34
   BdU KTB 9.5.1943

  
35
   ibid., 13.5.1943: ‘Summary on Convoy No. 38’

  
36
   See Salewski, vol. II, p. 260

  
37
   F/
Vorträge
, March 18, 1943. PG 32188

  
38
   See Salewski, vol. II, p. 265

  
39
   ibid., p. 266

  
40
   See Carr, pp. 142 ff.

  
41
   May 10, 1943: cited Warlimont, p. 313

  
42
   v. Puttkamer, p. 54

  
43
   1/Skl. KTB A 7.5.1943

  
44
   F/
Vorträge
, April 11, 1943. PG 32188

  
45
   See Ruge, p. 237: see also F/
Vorträge
, May 14, 1943. PG 32188

  
46
   ibid.

  
47
   ibid.

  
48
   ibid.

  
49
   BdU KTB 14.5.1943

  
50
   ibid.

51  Jacobsen & Rohwer, p. 305; Roskill, vol. 2, p. 376; Middlebrook, p. 323

  
52
   BdU KTB, 20.5.1943

  
53
   ibid.

  
54
   Cited Hinsley, p. 571

  
55
   BdU KTB 23.5.1943

  
56
   ibid., 24.5.1943

  
57
   ibid.

  
58
   Skl. B Nr. 62/42: ‘
Über die am 28.9.42 beim Ob-d-M durchgeführte
Besprechung betr. Entwicklung des U-Boots und seiner Waffen
…’, Oct. 7, 1942, in 1/Skl. KTB Teil C IV. PG 32174

  
59
   Prof. Walter to ObdM, 19.5.1943, referring to his March 2, 1943 visit to the director of construction, Dr Fischer, in PRO ADM 1 17667