Dog Sense (55 page)

Gaze, human,
198
,
200

Generalization,
129–130

Genetic defects,
255–257
,
257–260
.

See also
Health issues

Genetic engineering,
286–287

Genetic mutations,
32–33
,
51–52
,
255

German shepherd,
260–261
,
273

Gestures

hand,
198
,
200

human,
197–203

pointing,
197–198

Golden jackal
(Canis aureus)
,
4
,
6
,
7–8
,
7 (fig.)
,
13

Golden retriever,
260
,
265

Great Pyrenees,
127

Grey wolf
(Canis lupus)
,
5
,
15–16
,
15 (fig.)

and DNA,
2–3
,
4
,
25

domestication of,
14
,
15
,
65–66

sociability of,
14–15
,
52

See also
Wolf

Grief,
213
,
216

Group ceremony,
20

Guide dogs,
181
,
200
,
265
,
280

Guide Dogs for the Blind Association,
265

Guilt,
212–214
,
215
,
216
,
217–221
,
224

misattribution of,
221

Gundogs,
198
,
260

Habituation,
100–101

Hackles, raised,
159–160

Hand gestures,
198
,
200

Happiness,
163
,
169–170
.
See also
Emotions

Head position,
262

Health issues,
254
.
See also
Disorders
;
Genetic defects

Hearing,
227
,
228
,
231–232
,
250

Herding breeds,
267–268

Hierarchy,
73–74
,
75–79
,
82
,
89
,
137

dogs' understanding of,
83–84

of wolf pack,
18
,
23
,
79
,
80 (fig.)

Hip dysplasia,
258–259

Hormones,
153–155
,
154 (fig.)
,
161–162

Horses,
32–33

Hounds,
266

Humane Society of the United States,
275

Human(s)

body-language,
202
,
203

contact,
122–131

dependence on,
144–147
,
199

dog-human play,
204–208

dog's concept of,
203–208

and dog-to-adult socialization,
122–131

faces,
198
,
201
,
202

gaze,
198
,
200

gestures,
197–203

inbreeding in,
255–256

intervention in reproduction,
59
,
63

intervention, absence of,
69–71

sniffing of,
243
,
250

thinking of,
201–203
.
See also
Evolution

Hunger,
211

Hygiene,
290

Identity(ies)

multiple,
127–128
,
129
,
131

species,
127
,
129

Immune system,
33–34

Imprinting,
124–129
,
135–136

Inadvertent reinforcement,
106

Inbreeding,
255–257

and genetic defects,
255–257
,
257–260

in humans,
255–256

See also
Breeding
;
Selective breeding

Intelligence,
181–183

analysis of,
182–183

compared to children,
130
,
181
,
182
,
194
,
196
,
197
,
210

and copying,
194–196

and counting ability,
192–193

and domestication,
181–182
,
196–197
,
202

and gestures, human,
197–203

and landmark memory,
187–188
,
191

and learning potential, inherited,
193
,
196

limitations of,
211

and navigational ability,
187–189
,
191

and physical connections, comprehension of,
191–192

and play,
204–208

and problem solving,
183–185

and reasoning,
185

and short-term memory,
185–187

and skill retention,
185

and smell, sense of,
189–191
,
202

and spatial ability,
189

and stimulus enhancement,
194

and theory of mind,
201–203

and training methods,
280

and trial-and-error learning,
185

Interest, loss of (toys),
100

International Veterinary Behavior meetings,
120–121

Invisible fence,
113

Jackal,
4
,
6
.
See also
Golden jackal

Jealousy,
213
,
214–215
,
224

Journal of Veterinary Behavior
,
120–121

Juvenile period,
138–141

Karabash,
127
,
266

Kin recognition,
128

Kin selection,
17
,
68
,
156

Knowledge,
138–139

Labrador retriever,
173
,
260
,
265

Landmark memory,
187–188
,
191

Laws, breed-specific,
272–273
,
276

Learning,
98–104

and context,
102

and habituation,
100–101

potential, inherited,
193
,
196

sensitization,
101

See also
Associative learning

Line-breeding,
258

Littermates,
137

Little people, dogs as,
150
,
152
,
182
,
183
.
See also
Anthropomorphism

Lorenz, Konrad,
4
,
6
,
8
,
124–125
,
217

Love,
170–171

Lupomorph model (aka wolf model),
90–91
,
93–94
,
147

Lure-reward training method,
96

Man Meets Dog
(Lorenz),
4
,
217

Maternal stress,
141–143

Mating,
248
,
254

McConnell, Patricia,
95

Means-end test,
191–192
,
192 (fig.)

Memory,
185–187
,
187–188
,
191

Mental disorders,
141–143

Mental maps,
188–189
,
188 (fig.)
,
191

Mental time-travel,
88

Mexican hairless dog.
See
Xoloitzcuintli

Millan, Cesar,
77
,
95
,
96
,
120
,
121

Mind, theory of,
201–203
,
211
,
214

Monks of New Skete,
97

Mood,
223–224

Morgan, Lloyd,
217

Most, Konrad,
96–97

Mounting,
106

Mouth position,
262–263

Multiple identities,
127–128
,
129
,
131

Multiple socialization,
126–127
,
128–129

Munsterlander,
260

Mutation.
See
Genetic Mutation

Natural selection,
61
,
131
,
142
,
217
,
253
,
259

Navigational ability,
187–189
,
191

Negative punishment,
118–119

Negative reinforcement,
115

Neotenization,
56–57

Neutering,
287–288

Newfoundland,
256

Noise phobia,
138
,
176
,
222

Norfolk terrier,
261

Noses, wet,
238

Obsessive-compulsive disorders,
179

Odor(s),
154
,
182
,
234–239
,
237 (fig.)

analysis of,
239–240
,
240–242

family,
126
,
135–136

importance of,
242–246

See also
Smell, sense of

Offspring-parent behavior, in wolf,
17–18
,
19
,
27

Olfactory landmarks,
190
.
See also
Landmark memory

Olfactory system,
239–240
.
See also
Smell, sense of

Operant conditioning (aka instrumental conditioning),
102
,
105

Ottawa Humane Society,
275

Outbreeding,
259
.
See also
Breeding

Oxytocin,
170–171

Pack animals,
4
,
6
,
14
,
17
,
279

Pack hunting,
16

Pack mentality,
51
,
95
,
96

Pack model.
See
Lupomorph model

Pain,
211

Parent-offspring behavior, in wolf,
17–18
,
19
,
27

Pariah dog,
72–75
,
72 (fig.)
.
See also
Village dog

Passive submission,
19–20
,
20–22

Pavlov, Ivan,
102
,
278

Pedigree,
254–255
,
283
,
285

“Pedigree Dogs Exposed” (documentary film),
257

Persecution,
52–53

Personality traits,
134–135
,
276

and selective breeding,
265–268
,
268–271
,
271–275
,
288–289

Pessimism,
223–224

Pet fence,
103

Pet-keeping,
48–50

Pheromones,
248

Physical connections, comprehension of,
191–192

Physiology,
57
,
170

and emotions,
154
,
155
,
156
,
161–162
,
168

Pigs,
32
,
45–46

Pig-toilet,
45

Pit bulls,
272
,
273

Play behavior,
169–170
,
204–208

Play-bow,
206–207
,
207 (fig.)

Pointing gestures,
197–198