Dixie Betrayed (51 page)

Schott, Thomas E.
Alexander H. Stephens of Georgia: A Biography.
Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1988.

Scott, Mary Wingfield.
Old Richmond Neighborhoods.
Richmond, VA: Whittet and Shepperson, 1950.

Scott, Winfield.
Memoirs of Lieut.-General Scott,
LL
.
D
.
New York: Sheldon, 1864.

Seddon, James A. Papers. South Caroliniana Library, University of South Carolina, Columbia.

Sherman, William Tecumseh.
Home Letters of General Sherman.
Edited by M. A. DeWolfe Howe. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1909.

———.
Memoirs of General W. T. Sherman: Written by Himself.
New York: D. Appleton and Co., 1875.

Simms, Henry H.
Life of Robert M. T. Hunter.
Richmond, VA: William Byrd Press, 1935.

Small, Abner.
The Road to Richmond: The Civil War Memoirs of Major Abner R. Small of the Sixteenth Maine Volunteers, Together with the Diary
Which He Kept When He Was a Prisoner of War.
Edited by Harold A. Small. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1939.

Sparrow, Edward. Papers. Eleanor S. Brockenbrough Library, Museum of the Confederacy, Richmond, VA.

Stanley, Henry M.
The Autobiography of Sir Henry Morton Stanley.
Edited by Dorothy Stanley. New York: Houghton-Mifflin, 1909.

Stephens, Alexander H.
A Constitutional View of the War between the States: Its Causes, Character, Conduct and Results Presented in a Series of Colloquies
at Liberty Hall.
Philadelphia: National Publishing Co., 1868.

———. Papers. Duke University, Durham, NC.

———. Papers. Library of Congress, Washington, DC.

———.
Recollections of Alexander H. Stephens: His Diary Kept When a Prisoner at Fort Warren, Boston Harbour, 1865.
Edited by Myrta Lockett Avary. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1998.

Stiles, Robert.
Four Years under Marse Robert.
New York: Neale, 1903.

Stillwell, Leander.
The Story of a Common Soldier of Army Life in the Civil War, 1861-1865.
Kansas City, MO: Franklin Hudson, 1920.

Strother, David Hunter.
A Virginia Yankee in the Civil War: The Diaries of David Hunter Strother.
Edited by Cecil D. Eby. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1961.

Symonds, Craig L.
Joseph E. Johnston: A Civil War Biography.
New York: W. W. Norton, 1992.

Tatum, Georgia Lee.
Disloyalty in the Confederacy.
Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2000.

Taylor, John M.
William Henry Seward: Lincoln’s Right Hand.
New York: HarperCollins, 1991.

Taylor, Walter H.
Lee’s Adjutant: The Wartime Letters of Colonel Walter Herron Taylor, 1862-1865.
Edited by R. Lockwood Tower. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 1995.

Thomas, Emory M.
The Confederate State of Richmond: A Biography of the Capital.
Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1998.

———.
Robert E. Lee: A Biography.
New York: W. W. Norton, 1995.

Toney, Marcus B.
The Privations of a Private: The Campaign under Gen. R. E. Lee, the Campaign under Gen. Stonewall Jackson, Bragg’s Invasion
of Kentucky, the Chickamauga Campaign, Prison Life in the North.
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Toombs, Robert A. Papers. Duke University, Durham, NC.

Toombs, Robert A., Alexander H. Stephens, and Howell Cobb.
The Correspondence of Robert Toombs, Alexander H. Stephens, and Howell Cobb.
Edited by Ulrich B. Phillips. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1913.

Upson, Theodore F.
With Sherman to the Sea: The Civil War Letters, Diaries, and Reminiscences of Theodore F. Upson.
Edited by Oscar Osburn Winther. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1943.

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Civil War Naval Chronology, 1861-1865.
Edited by Ernest M. Eller. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1971.

———.
Official Records of the Union and Confederate Navies in the War of the Rebellion.
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U.S. Senate.
Journal of the Congress of the Confederate States of America.
58th Cong., 2d sess., Doc. 234. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1904-1905.

———.
Biographical Directory of the American Congress, 1774-1971.
92d Cong., 1st sess., Doc. 92-8. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1971.

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Vandiver, Frank E.
Rebel Brass: The Confederate Command System.
Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1993.

Van Felson, Charles A.
The Little Red Book or Department Directory.
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Van Lew, Elizabeth.
A Yankee Spy in Richmond: The Civil War Diary of “Crazy Bet” Van Lew.
Edited by David D. Ryan. Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books, 1996.

Venable, Charles S. Papers. Southern Historical Collection, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill.

Walther, Eric H.
The Fire-Eaters.
Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1992.

Warner, Ezra J.
Generals in Blue: Lives of the Union Commanders.
Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1964.

———.
Generals in Gray: Lives of the Confederate Commanders.
Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1959.

Warner, Ezra J., and W. Buck Yearns.
Biographical Register of the Confederate Congress.
Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1975.

Welles, Gideon.
The Diary of Gideon Welles.
Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1911.

Welsh, Jack D.
Medical Histories of Confederate Generals.
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White House of the Confederacy: An Illustrated History.
Richmond, VA: Cadmus Marketing, 1994.

Wigfall, Louis T. Papers. Duke University, Durham, NC.

———. Papers. Eleanor S. Brockenbrough Library, Museum of the Confederacy, Richmond, VA.

———. Papers. Library of Congress, Washington, DC.

Wiley, Bell Irvin.
The Road to Appomattox.
Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1994.

Williams, T. Harry.
P. G. T. Beauregard: Napoleon in Gray.
Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1955.

Wilson, James H.
Under the Old Flag: Recollections of Military Operations in the War for the Union, the Spanish War, the Boxer Rebellion, etc.
New York: D. Appleton, 1912.

Winder, John H. Papers. Duke University, Durham, NC.

———. Papers. South Caroliniana Library, University of South Carolina, Columbia.

———. Papers. Southern Historical Collection, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill.

Wise, John Sergeant.
The End of an Era.
Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1902.

Woodworth, Steven E., ed.
The Art of Command in the Civil War.
Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1998.

———, ed.
Civil War Generals in Defeat.
Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 1999.

———.
Davis and Lee at War.
Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 1995.

———.
Jefferson Davis and His Generals: The Failure of Confederate Command in the West.
Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 1990.

———, ed.
Leadership and Command in the American Civil War.
Campbell, CA: Savas Woodbury, 1995.

———.
No Band of Brothers: Problems of the Rebel High Command.
Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 1999.

Worsham, John H.
One of Jackson’s Foot Cavalry.
Wilmington, NC: Broadfoot, 1991.

Wright, Louise Wigfall. Papers. Southern Historical Collection, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill.

———.
A Southern Girl in ’61: The War-Time Memories of a Confederate Senator’s Daughter.
New York: Doubleday, Page, 1905.

Yearns, Wilfred Buck.
The Confederate Congress.
Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1960.

———.
From Richmond to Texas: The 1865 Journey Home of Confederate Senator Williamson S. Oldham.
Dayton, OH: Morningside Book Shop, 1998.

DAVID J. EICHER is the author of numerous books about the Civil War, including, most recently,
The Longest Night,
the authoritative modern, single-volume battle history of the Civil War. He lives with his family in a suburb of Milwaukee

Jefferson Davis faced a nearly impossible task as leader of the Confederacy: forging a group of political separatists into a unified team, which ultimately miserably failed.
National Archives and Records Administration

The president’s wife, Varina Howell Davis, led the Richmond wartime social scene even as some aristocratic women scorned her and criticized her pedigree.
The Museum of the Confederacy

Richmond’s central, monumental building was the Virginia State Capitol, a fantastic Greek Revival structure with stunning porticoes finished with Ionic columns. The cornerstone was laid in 1785, after the structure had been designed by Thomas Jefferson. The Confederate Senate met in a second-floor committee room adjacent to the governor’s room, above the House of Delegates Chamber; the House met in what is now termed the Old Senate Chamber, on the first floor.
Library of Congress

The Bruce-Lancaster home near Twelfth and Clay streets hosted Vice President Alexander Stephens when he frequented Richmond in 1861 and 1862. The camera’s viewpoint in this 1865 image is from a position near the White House; the sentry box housing the president’s guard stands between the two houses.
Library of Congress