Dirty Wars (100 page)

21
“
Bin Ladin Determined to Strike in US
”:
9/11 Commission Report,
p. 261. The commission's report includes partial text of the presidential daily brief from August 6, 2001.

21
“
struck soon
”:
J. Cofer Black, prepared testimony for delivery to the Joint House-Senate Intelligence Committee Hearing into September 11, September 26, 2002.

21
“
I just couldn't wait
”:
Gordon Corera, “How Terror Attacks Changed the CIA,”
BBC.co.uk
, March 13, 2006.

22
“
flies walking across their eyeballs
”:
Woodward,
Bush at War,
p. 52.

22
“
Let's go
”:
Ibid.

22
“
I was astonished
”:
Author interview, Philip Giraldi, March 2012.

22
“
your marching orders
”:
Gary C. Schroen,
First In: An Insider's Account of How the CIA Spearheaded the War on Terror in Afghanistan
(New York: Presidio Press, 2005), p. 38.

22
“
You'd need some DNA
”:
Jane Mayer, “The Search for Osama: Did the Government Let bin Laden's Trail Go Cold?”
New Yorker,
August 4, 2003, p. 27.

22
“
rock their world
”:
Woodward,
Bush at War,
p. 103.

23
majority of the first Americans
:
Pelton,
Licensed to Kill,
pp. 30–32.

23
seven to two dozen
:
Seymour M. Hersh, “Manhunt: The Bush Administration's New Strategy in the War Against Terrorism,”
New Yorker,
December 23, 2002, p. 66; James Risen and David Johnson, “Threats and Responses: Hunt for Al Qaeda; Bush Has Widened Authority of C.I.A. to Kill Terrorists,”
New York Times,
December 15, 2002.

23
officially launched
:
George W. Bush, “Presidential Address to the Nation,” October 7, 2001.

23
“
partnership is sound
”:
Woodward,
Bush at War,
p. 175.

23
small paramilitary capability
:
9/11 Commission Report,
p. 351.

24
“
the War Council
”:
Tom Lasseter, “Day Four: Easing of Laws That Led to Detainee Abuse Hatched in Secret,” McClatchy, June 18, 2008.

24
“
minority report
”:
Chitra Ragavan, “Cheney's Guy,” US
News.com
, May 21, 2006,
www.usnews.com/usnews/news/articles/060529/29addington.htm
.

24
also included
:
Lasseter, “Day Four.”

24
explicitly excluded
:
Tim Golden, “After Terror, a Secret Rewriting of Military Law,”
New York Times,
October 24, 2004. Golden's article refers explicitly to the exclusion of certain lawyers and officials from the internal discussions of the military tribunal policy.

24
issue a finding, must comply
:
50 U.S.C. Sec. 413b, “Presidential Approval and Reporting of Covert Actions.”

24
Greystone
:
Author interview, military intelligence source, November 2009. The existence of a program known by the abbreviation “GST” was originally reported by Dana Priest for the
Washington Post.
Priest later mentioned the name “Greystone” in an interview featured on the PBS documentary
Top Secret America.

24
umbrella, legitimate target
:
Dana Priest, “Covert CIA Program Withstands New Furor,”
Washington Post,
December 30, 2005.

24
compartmentalized programs
:
Ibid.

25
directly order hits
:
Ibid.

25
“
selected foreign counterparts,” “broadened our options
”:
Tyler Drumheller, with Elaine Monaghan,
On the Brink: An Insider's Account of How the White House Compromised American Intelligence
(New York: Carroll and Graff, 2006), p. 32.

25
“
simply extraordinary
”:
Transcript, interview with John Rizzo, “John Rizzo: The Lawyer Who Approved CIA's Most Controversial Programs,”
PBS.org
, September 6, 2011.

25
“
Status of Forces
”:
John Barry, Michael Isikoff, and Michael Hirsh, “The Roots of Torture,”
Newsweek,
May 23, 2004.

25
private contractors
:
Ibid.

25
“
lawyered up
”:
Dana Priest, “Former CIA Spy Boss Made an Unhesitating Call to Destroy Interrogation Tapes,”
Washington Post,
April 24, 2012.

25
series of legal documents
:
Stephen Gillers, “The Torture Memo,”
Nation,
April 9, 2008.

25
“
big boy pants
”:
Transcript, interview with Jose A. Rodriguez Jr.,
60 Minutes,
CBS, April 29, 2012.

26
shipping containers, discrete sites, brick factory
:
Jane Mayer, “The Black Sites: A Rare Look Inside the C.I.A.'s Secret Interrogation Program,”
New Yorker,
August 13, 2007.

26
“
Salt Pit
”:
Dana Priest, “CIA Holds Terror Suspects in Secret Prisons,”
Washington Post,
November 2, 2005.

26
evolved
:
Ibid. A former senior intelligence official told Priest, “We never sat down, as far as I know, and came up with a grand strategy. Everything was very reactive. That's how you get to a situation where you pick people up, send them into a netherworld and don't say, ‘What are we going to do with them afterwards?'”

26
naval vessels, Lake Kariba
:
Priest, “CIA Holds Terror Suspects.”

26
funneling suspects
:
Ibid.

26
freely tortured
:
Rebecca Leung, “CIA Flying Suspects to Torture?”
CBSNews.com
, February 11, 2009.

26
refused to provide details
:
Priest, “CIA Holds Terror Suspects.”

26
decided to reduce
:
Joby Warrick and Dan Eggen, “Hill Briefed on Waterboarding in 2002,”
Washington Post,
December 9, 2007.

26
signed a presidential directive
:
Jane Mayer,
The Dark Side: The Inside Story of How the War on Terror Turned into a War on American Ideals
(New York: Doubleday, 2008), p. 114.

26
suspects to Egypt
:
Stephen Grey,
Ghost Plane: The True Story of the CIA Rendition and Torture Program
(New York: St. Martin's Press, 2006), pp. 139–141.

27
direct authorization
:
Ibid., pp. 140–141. According to Grey, who interviewed Michael Scheuer for the book, the White House had signed off on the rendition policy. Lawyers signed off on each operation, and “within the CIA, authority for each operation...had to come from the director of central intelligence... or his assistant director.”

27
more than seventy renditions
:
Eighth Public Hearing Before the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks upon the United States, March 24, 2004 (testimony of George Tenet, Director of the Central Intelligence Agency).

27
Mir Aimal Kasi
:
Amnesty International, “Pakistan: Imminent Execution of Mir Aimal Kasi Raises Fears for Others Taken into US Custody Without Human Rights Safeguards,” 2002.

27
Ramzi Yousef
:
Richard Clarke, op-ed, “The Confusion over Renditions,”
Boston Globe,
January 29, 2009.

27
Wali Khan Amin Shah
:
Christopher S. Wren, “U.S. Jury Convicts Three in a Conspiracy to Bomb Airliners,”
New York Times,
September 6, 1996; rendition confirmed in “Patterns of Global Terrorism 1998,” US Department of State, April 1999.

27
Tsutomu Shirosaki
:
“Patterns of Global Terrorism 1998,” US Department of State, April 1999.

27
“
not to expel, extradite
”:
Foreign Affairs Reform and Restructuring Act, Pub. Law 105-277, Sec. 2242(a) (1998).

27
“
won in large measure
”:
Jim Landers, “CIA Official Says War on Terrorism Will Be Won with Great Force,” Knight Ridder/Tribune News Service, October 18, 2001.

27
“
kick the (expletive) out of them
”:
Dana Priest and Barton Gellman, “U.S. Decries Abuse but Defends Interrogations,”
Washington Post,
December 26, 2002.

27
“
probably aren't doing your job
”:
Ibid.

27
“
gloves come off
”:
Joint Inquiry into Intelligence Community Activities Before and After the Terrorist Attacks of September 11, 2001, Hearings Before the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence and House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence,
107th Cong., 2nd Sess., September 26, 2002 (testimony of J. Cofer Black).

28
Pakistani forces
:
Dana Priest, “Al Qaeda-Iraq Link Recanted; Captured Libyan Reverses Previous Statement to CIA, Officials Say,”
Washington Post,
August 1, 2004.

28
“
Shoe Bomber,” Twentieth Hijacker, witness
:
Mayer,
The Dark Side,
p. 104.

28
“
handle this
”:
Ibid.

28
“
genuinely friendly
”:
Ibid., p. 106.

28
orders from Cofer Black
:
John Barry and Daniel Klaidman, “A Tortured Debate,”
Newsweek,
June 20, 2004.

28
objected
:
Garrett M. Graff,
The Threat Matrix: The FBI at War in the Age of Global Terror
(New York: Little, Brown, 2011), p. 359; Jason Vest, “Pray and Tell,”
American Prospect,
June 19, 2005.

28
“
You know where you are going
”:
James Risen,
State of War: The Secret History of the CIA and the Bush Administration
(New York: Free Press, 2006), p. 29.

28
USS
Bataan
:
“Top al Qaeda Leader Held Aboard U.S. Warship,”
CNN.com
, January 8, 2002.

28
tortured, Iraq connection
:
Michael Isikoff and David Corn,
Hubris: The Inside Story of Spin, Scandal, and the Selling of the Iraq War
(New York: Three Rivers Press, 2007), pp. 122–123.

28
Cheney's office directly intervened
:
Colonel Lawrence B. Wilkerson, “The Truth About Richard Bruce Cheney,”
Washington Note,
May 13, 2009.

28
“
real macho interrogation
”:
Transcript, interview with Ali Soufan, “The Interrogator,”
Frontline,
PBS, aired September 13, 2011.

29
“
lacks specific details
”:
John D. Rockefeller IV and Carl Levin, letter to Vice Admiral Lowell E. Jacoby, Director, Defense Intelligence Agency, October 18, 2005. The letter contains two paragraphs of a DIA defense intelligence terrorist summary (DITSUM) from October 3, 2005, concerning claims made by Libi following his interrogation.

29
given to Secretary of State Powell
:
Isikoff and Corn,
Hubris,
p. 187.

29
“
I can trace the story
”:
Transcript, speech as delivered by Colin Powell before the United Nations, February 5, 2003.

29
“
what you want[ed] to hear
”:
Transcript, “The Interrogator,”
Frontline.

29
directing a global manhunt
:
Author interviews with former U.S. officials, August 2010, May 2011.

29
convened a meeting, shut out
:
Savage,
Takeover,
pp. 135–136, 138.

29
had told President Bush
:
Katharine Q. Seelye, “A Nation Challenged: The Prisoners; Powell Asks Bush to Review Stand on
War Captives,”
New York Times,
January 27, 2002.

30
endanger the lives
:
Colin L. Powell, memorandum to Counsel to the President, Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs, “Subject: Draft Decision Memorandum for the President on the Applicability of the Geneva Convention to the Conflict in Afghanistan,” January 26, 2002. Powell lists the “pros” and “cons” of applying and not applying the Geneva Conventions to the conflict in Afghanistan. Among the cons of not applying the conventions, Powell notes, is that “it will reverse over a century of U.S. policy and practice in supporting the Geneva conventions and undermine protections of the law of war for our troops, both in this specific context and in general.”

30
directive, just after
:
Barry, Isikoff, and Hirsh, “Roots of Torture.” Bush made his decision in early February, and by “mid-January 2002 the first plane-load of prisoners landed at Gitmo's Camp X-Ray.”

30
“
We didn't tell the FBI
”:
Jose A. Rodriguez Jr., with Bill Harlow,
Hard Measures: How Aggressive CIA Actions After 9/11 Saved American Lives
(New York: Threshold Editions, 2012), pp. 116–117.