Demonic (52 page)

38.
Hibbert, 175.

39.
See, e.g., Durschmied, 31; Hibbert, 175–76.

40.
Goudemetz.

41.
Ibid., 227. See also Stewarton (Stewarton and Goldsmith say the heads were presented at the Jacobin Club).

42.
Goudemetz.

43.
Kennedy, 169.

44.
Durschmied, 37.

45.
Maximilien Marie Isidore Robespierre, “Against Granting the King a Trial,”
Bartleby’s The World’s Famous Orations, Continental Europe (380–1906
), available at
http://www.bartleby.com/268/7/23.html
.

46.
See Shaun Bishop, “Academic Senate Opposes War,”
The Daily Bruin
, April 14, 2003, available at
http://www.dailybruin.com/index.php/article/2003/04/academic-senate-opposes-war
.

47.
Durschmied, 38.

48.
Hibbert, 184.

49.
Ibid., 184–85.

50.
Ibid., 185.

51.
Durschmied, 38.

52.
Ibid., 36, 38, n. 19.

53.
Hibbert, 186.

54.
Ibid., 186–87.

55.
E. L. Higgins, ed.,
The French Revolution as Told by Contemporaries
(Houghton Mifflin, 1966), 272–73. See also,
http://www.historyguide.org/intellect/louis_trial.html
. There are various basically similar versions of the king’s brief speech. See also Hibbert, 188 (“I forgive those who are guilty of my death and I pray God that the blood which you are about to shed may never be required of France”).

56.
Durschmied, 41, 43.

57.
Hibbert, 224.

58.
Kennedy, 193.

SEVEN.
THE FRENCH REVOLUTION PART DEUX:
COME FOR THE BEHEADINGS, STAY FOR THE RAPES!

1.
Erik Durschmied,
The Blood of Revolution: From the Reign of Terror to the Rise of Khomeini
(Arcade Publishing, 2002), 44–45.

2.
Ibid., 46.

3.
Lewis Goldsmith Stewarton,
The Female Revolutionary Plutarch, Containing Biographical, Historical and Revolutionary Sketches, Characters and Anecdotes
(J. & W. Smith, 1808), 238, available at
http://books.google.com/books?id=95bzlnsVu7cC&pg=PA224&lpg=PA224&dq=goddess+of+reason+Momoro&source=bl&ots=n-ZhPxWwN8&sig=8xsgafh5pvoWvHCBCj92DtMg0_g&hl=
en&ei=5wwkTcX6GsWblgewk9nZCw&sa=X&oi=
book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CBMQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&qomoro&f=false
.

4.
Michael L. Kennedy,
The Jacobin Clubs in the French Revolution
(1793–1795) (Berghahn, 2000).

5.
Ibid., 176.

6.
Ibid., 166.

7.
T. Jeremy Gunn, “Religious Freedom and Laicite: A Comparison of the United States and France,”
Brigham Young University Law Review
, January 1, 2004.

8.
Ibid.

9.
Janet T. Marquardt,
From Martyr to Monument: The Abbey of Cluny as Cultural Patrimony
(Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2008), 14.

10.
Gunn.

11.
Kennedy, 176.

12.
Ibid., 176.

13.
Ibid., 166–67.

14.
Ibid., 176.

15.
Ibid., 165.

16.
Ibid., 162.

17.
Ibid., 154.

18.
Schom, 253.

19.
See, e.g., Kennedy, 153–54.

20.
Stewarton, 236.

21.
Henry Goudemetz,
Historical Epochs of the French Revolution
(Hard Press, 2006) [No page numbers] available at
http://www.scribd.com/doc/2379520/Historical-Epochs-of-the-French-RevolutionWith-The-Judgment-And-Execution-Of-Louis-XVI-King-Of-FranceAnd-A-List-Of-The-Members-Of-The-National-Con#outer_page_124
.

22.
Schom, 253–54.

23.
Ibid., 253.

24.
Kennedy, 154.

25.
Ibid., 155.

26.
Kennedy, 189–90.

27.
See, e.g., Stewarton, 240–42; Michael Burleigh,
Earthly Powers: The Clash of Religion and Politics in Europe, from the French Revolution to the Great War
(HarperCollins, 2006), 79; Gunn; Kennedy, 177.

28.
Stewarton, 243; Goudemetz.

29.
Stewarton, 244.

30.
Kennedy, 192.

31.
Ibid., 167, 168.

32.
Ibid., 169.

33.
Ibid., 169.

34.
Goudemetz.

35.
See Charles Duke Yonge,
The Life of Marie Antoinette, Queen of France
(Duke, Project Gutenberg, 2004), available at
http://infomotions.com/etexts/gutenberg/dirs/1/0/5/5/10555/10555.htm
; Hibbert, 222.

36.
Yonge.

37.
Trial of Marie Antoinette, late Queen of France
(compiled from a manuscript sent from Paris, and from the journals of the Moniteur) (Logographic Press 1794), passim, 52.

38.
Thomas Carlyle,
The French Revolution
(Modern Library, 2002), 669.

39.
Carlyle, 669.

40.
Trial of Marie Antoinette
, 30.

41.
Ibid., 30–31.

42.
Ibid., 32.

43.
Carlyle, 669 (citing Vilate,
Causes secretes de la Révolution de Thermidor
) (Paris, 1825), 179.

44.
Antonia Fraser,
Marie Antoinette
(Anchor Books, 2001), 431–32.

45.
Le Bon, 15.

46.
Yonge.

47.
See, e.g., Stefan Zweig,
Marie Antoinette: The Portrait of an Average Woman
(New York: Grove Press, 2002), 450–51.

48.
See, e.g., Zweig, 451.

49.
See Christopher Hibbert,
The Days of the French Revolution
(Harper Perennial, 1999), 236; Pamela Grant,
Marie Antoinette Story
,
ParisMarais.com
, available at
http://www.parismarais.com/marie-antoinette-story.htm
.

50.
Hibbert, 225.

51.
William Ayers,
Fugitive Days: Memoirs of an Anti-War Activist
(Boston: Beacon Press, 2009), 130.

52.
Durschmied, 53.

53.
Hibbert, 225–27.

54.
Durschmied, 53.

55.
Goudemetz.

56.
Andres, 229.

57.
See Andres, 168, 229.

58.
See Hibbert, 243–45.

59.
Ibid., 245–46.

60.
Ibid., 246.

61.
Ibid., 248.

62.
Durschmied, 58–59.

63.
Hibbert, 261.

64.
Durschmied, 64.

EIGHT.
THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION:
HOW TO THROW A REVOLUTION WITHOUT LOSING YOUR HEAD

1.
Editorial: “The Powerful Idea of Human Rights,”
New York Times
, December 8, 1999.

2.
Editorial: “French Pique,”
New York Times
, July 1, 2000.

3.
Ralph C. Hancock, “Two Revolutions and the Problem of Modern Prudence,” in Ralph C. Hancock and L. Gary Lambert,
The Legacy of the French Revolution
(Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 1996), 272.

4.
Joseph J. Ellis,
His Excellency: George Washington
(Vintage, 1st Vintage edition, November 8, 2005), 61.

5.
David Hackett Fischer,
Paul Revere’s Ride
(Oxford University Press, 1994), 25–26.

6.
Letter of John Adams to General James Warren, dated December 17, 1773, available at
http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?res=F60E13F63D5D1A7493C3AB1789D95F458784F9
.

7.
Fischer, 23.

8.
David McCullough,
John Adams
(New York: Simon & Schuster, 2001), 66–68.

9.
Jill Lepore, “Tea and Sympathy: Who Owns the American Revolution?,”
The New Yorker
, May 3, 2010.

10.
Howard Zinn,
A People’s History of the United States
(Harper Perennial Modern Classics, 2010), 66.

11.
Fischer, 237.

12.
Ibid., 93–97.

13.
Ibid., 99–103.

14.
Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, “Paul Revere’s Ride” (1861).

15.
Fischer, 139.

16.
Ibid., 109.

17.
Ibid., 129.

18.
Ibid., 131.

19.
Ibid., 131.

20.
Ibid., 134.

21.
Ibid., 136.