Demon Fish (44 page)

  
1.
John D. Stevens, Terence I. Walker, Sid F. Cook, and Sonja V. Fordham, “Threats Faced by Chondrichthyan Fish,” in
Sharks, Rays, and Chimaeras: The Status of Chondrichthyan Fishes
, ed. Sarah L. Flower et al. (Gland, Switzerland, and Cambridge, U.K.: IUCN, 2005), pp. 48–57.

  
2.
www.st.nmfs.noaa.gov/st1/fus/fus07/03_recreationa12007.pdf
.

  
3.
Ibid.

  
4.
George Vancouver,
A Voyage of Discovery to the North Pacific Ocean and Round the World, 1791–1795
, ed. W. Kaye Lamb, 4 vols. (London: Hakluyt Society, 1984).

4 DRIED SEAFOOD STREET

  
1.
Piamsak Menasveta, Sombat Inkong, and Pimporn Charaoensri, “Mercury Contents in Dried Shark Fins in Bangkok Markets,”
Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
(2002).

  
2.
Oceana, “The International Trade of Shark Fins: Endangering Shark Populations Worldwide,” March 2010.

  
3.
Shelley Clarke, “Shark Product Trade in Hong Kong and Mainland China and Implementation of the CITES Shark Listings,”
TRAFFIC East Asia, Hong Kong, China
(2004).

  
4.
Jim Tharpe, “Gov. Perdue Welcomed, State Will Open Trade Office in Beijing,”
Atlanta Journal-Constitution
, March 31, 2008.

  
5.
David Barboza, “Waiter, There’s a Celebrity in My Shark Fin Soup,”
New York Times
, sec. 4, p. 3.

  
6.
Neil Ray, “Shark Fin Demand Sinks,” SeafoodSource, March 30, 2009.

  
7.
World Briefing, “Japan: Princess Becomes Fair Game,”
New York Times
, Feb. 5, 2008.

  
8.
TRAFFIC,
The World Trade in Sharks: A Compendium of TRAFFIC’s Regional Studies
(Cambridge, U.K.: TRAFFIC International, 1996).

  
9.
O. W. Barrett, “Shark Fishing in the West Indies,”
Scientific Monthly
27, no. 2 (Aug. 1928), pp. 125–33.

10.
McCormick and Allen,
Shadows in the Sea
, pp. 182–87.

11.
Gary K. Ostrander, Keith C. Cheng, Jeffrey C. Wolf, and Marilyn J. Wolfe, “Shark Cartilage, Cancer, and the Growing Threat of Pseudoscience,”
Cancer Research
64 (2004), pp. 8485–91.

12.
Mock Joya,
Things Japanese
(Tokyo: Tokyo News Service, 1960), p. 261.

13.
Ibid.

5 THE SHARK SLEUTHS

  
1.
Carol Vogel, “Swimming with Famous Dead Sharks,”
New York Times
, Oct. 1, 2006, sect. 2, p. 28.

  
2.
Arifa Akbar, “A Formaldehyde Frenzy as Buyers Snap Up Hirst Works,”
Independent
, Sept. 16, 2008.

  
3.
ENDCAP, Exotic Pet Trade Fact Sheet.

  
4.
Plea Agreement No. CR06-0051CW,
United States of America v. Ira Gass
, U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California, Oakland Division.

  
5.
Robert Gammon, “The Man v. Moon,”
East Bay Express
, Jan. 31, 2007.

  
6.
Plea Agreement No. CR06-0051CW,
United States of America v. John Newberry
, U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California, Oakland Division.

  
7.
Demian D. Chapman, Danillo Pinhal, and Mahmood S. Shivji, “Tracking the Fin Trade: Genetic Stock Identification in Western Atlantic Scalloped Hammerheads Sharks
Sphyrna lewini
,”
Endangered Species Research
9, no. 3 (2009), pp. 221–28.

  
8.
Robert D. Ward et al., “DNA barcoding Australian Chondrichthyans: Results and Potential Uses in Conservation,”
Marine and Freshwater Research
59 (2008), pp. 57–71.

  
9.
Demian D. Chapman, Beth Firchau, and Mahmood S. Shivji, “Brief Communication: Parthenogenesis in a Large-Bodied Requiem Shark, the Blacktip
Carcharhinus limbatus
,”
Journal of Fish Biology
73 (2008), pp. 1–5.

10.
Malcolm P. Francis, “Observations on a Pregnant White Shark with a Review of Reproductive Biology,” in
Great White Sharks: The Biology of
Carcharodon carcharias, ed. A. Peter Klimley and David G. Ainley (San Diego: Academic Press, 1996), pp. 157–72.

11.
Harold L. Pratt Jr. and Jeffrey C. Carrier, “A Review of Elasmobranch Reproductive Behavior with a Case Study on the Nurse Shark,
Ginglymostoma cirratum
,”
Environmental Biology of Fishes
60 (2001), pp. 157–88.

6 SHARK TRACKERS

  
1.
Francesco Ferretti et al., “Patterns and Ecosystem Consequences of Shark Declines in the Ocean,”
Ecology Letters
13, no. 8 (2010), p. 1056.

  
2.
Camhi, Pikitch, and Babcock,
Sharks of the Open Ocean
, pp. 27–30; Clark,
The Lady and the Sharks
, p. 90.

  
3.
MacQuitty,
Eyewitness Shark
, pp. 16–17.

  
4.
Mary M. Cerullo,
The Truth About Great White Sharks
(San Francisco: Chronicle Books, 2000).

  
5.
Stephen Wroe et al. “Three-Dimensional Computer Analysis of White Shark Mechanics: How Hard Can a Great White Bite?”
Journal of Zoology
, 276 (2008), pp. 336–42.

  
6.
Edith A. Widder, “A Predatory Use of Counterillumination by the Squaloid Shark,
Isistius brasiliensis
,”
Environmental Biology of Fishes
53 (1998), pp. 267–73.

  
7.
Jeffrey C. Carrier,
Discovering Sharks
(St. Paul: Voyageur Press, 2006), p. 18.

  
8.
John Maisey, Randall Miller, and Susan Turner, “The Braincase of the Chondrichthyan
Doliodus
from the Lower Devonian Campbellton Formation of New Brunswick, Canada,”
Acta Zoologica
90, suppl. 1 (May 2009), pp. 109–22.

  
9.
Personal communication with John Maisey, Division of Paleontology, American Museum of Natural History, Aug. 23, 2010.

10.
EurekAlert! press release, Apr. 9, 1999.

11.
Shubin,
Your Inner Fish
, pp. 90–93.

12.
Ibid., pp. 193–96.

13.
J. Craig Venter Institute, “Of Jaws and Men: Initial Decoding of Elephant Shark Genome Helps Uncover Ancient DNA in Human Genome,” press release, Dec. 21, 2006.

14.
Klimley,
Secret Life of Sharks
, p. 19.

15.
Jayne M. Gardiner and Jelle Atema, “The Function of Bilateral Odor Arrival Time Differences in Olfactory Orientation of Sharks,”
Current Biology
20, no. 13 (2010), pp. 1187–91.

16.
Carrier,
Discovering Sharks
, p. 24.

17.
Lisa Cook and Joel Simonetti,
Why I Care About Sharks: Will Sharks Survive This Century?
(Hong Kong: Big Fish Press, 2003), p. 8.

18.
MacQuitty,
Eyewitness Shark
, p. 23.

19.
Salvador J. Jorgensen et al., “Philopatry and Migration of Pacific White Sharks,”
Proceedings of the Royal Society
, doi:10.1098/rspb2009.1155. Published online Nov. 4, 2009.

20.
Personal communication with Stanford University professor Barbara Black, January 4, 2011.

7 LIVING WITH SHARKS

  
1.
C. F. Smit and Vic Peddemors, “Estimating the Probability of a Shark Attack When Using an Electric Repellent,”
South African Statistical Journal
37 (2003), pp. 59–60.

  
2.
Baldridge, pp. 11–14.

  
3.
Smit and Peddemors, “Estimating the Probability of a Shark Attack,” pp. 59–78.

  
4.
Richard Brill et al., “The Repulsive and Feeding-Deterrent Effects of Electropositive Metals on Juvenile Sandbar Sharks
(Carcharhinus plumbeus)
,”
Fishery Bulletin
107 (2009), pp. 298–307.

  
5.
Christopher H. Achen and Larry M. Bartels, “Blind Retrospection: Electoral Responses to Drought, Flu, and Shark Attacks,” paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Political Science Association, Boston, Sept. 2002, pp. 1–9.

  
6.
Ibid., p. 20.

8 FISH FIGHT

  
1.
Kenneth R. Weiss, “Obituaries; Ransom A. Myers, 54, Warned That Overfishing Posed Sweeping Threat,”
Los Angeles Times
, March 29, 2007.

  
2.
Julia K. Baum and Ransom A. Myers, “Shifting Baselines and the Decline of Pelagic Sharks in the Gulf of Mexico,”
Ecology Letters
7 (2004), pp. 135–45.

  
3.
Phillip J. Clapham et al., “Determining Spatial and Temporal Scales for Management: Lessons from Whaling,”
Marine Mammal Science
24, no. 1 (2008), p. 184.

  
4.
Ibid., pp. 183–88.

  
5.
Ibid., pp. 190–91.

  
6.
Burr Heneman and Marci Glazer, “More Rare Than Dangerous: A Case Study of White Shark Conservation in California,” in
Great White Sharks: The Biology of
Carcharodon carcharias, ed. A. Peter Klimley and David G. Ainley (San Diego: Academic Press, 1996).

  
7.
WildAid, “At Rock Bottom: The Declining Sharks of the Eastern Tropical Pacific” (San Francisco: WildAid, 2005).

9 GAWKING AT JAWS

  
1.
Philip J. Motta et al., “Feeding Anatomy, Filter-Feeding Rate, and Diet of Whale Sharks
Rhincodon typus
During Surface Ram Filter Feeding off the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico,”
Zoology
, 113: 4 (August 2010) pp. 199–212.

  
2.
Taylor and Taylor,
Great Shark Writings
, pp. 48–49.

  
3.
Ibid., pp. 45–46.

CONCLUSION: SHARK NIRVANA

  
1.
Michael R. Heithaus et al., “Predicting Ecological Consequences of Marine Top Predator Declines,”
Trends in Ecology and Evolution
23, no. 4 (2008).

  
2.
Francesco Ferretti et al., “Patterns and Ecosystem Consequences of Shark Declines in the Ocean,”
Ecology Letters
13, no. 8 (2010), pp. 1065–71.

  
3.
Benjamin S. Halpern et al., “A Global Map of Human Impact on Marine Ecosystems,”
Science
, Feb. 15, 2008, pp. 948–52.

  
4.
Helen Kennedy and Alyssa Giachino, “One Fin Fellow: Coney Is. Lifeguard Rescues Shark to Cap Crazy Summer,”
New York Daily News
, Sept. 4, 2007.

  
5.
David E. Jennings et al., “Effects of Large-Scale Anthropogenic Development on Juvenile Lemon Shark
(Negaprion brevirostris)
Populations of Bimini, Bahamas,”
Environmental Biology of Fishes
, Dec. 2008.