Delphi (69 page)

divination.
See
oracles
;
Pythia

Dodona,
24
,
310n2

Dolonchi of the Chersonesus,
99

dolphins,
32

Domitian, emperor of Rome,
211
–
12
; dedication honoring,
213
; and traditional religious observances,
212
–
13

dragon of Delphi,
32
,
34

Dragoumis, Stephanos,
265

Dropion of Paeonia,
174

Drusilla,
207

earthquakes,
295
; and collapse of walls,
145
,
177
; and disruption of oracle,
145
,
147
,
242
–
43
; mudslide over “big dig” excavation,
277
; protection of site from,
283
; reconstruction after,
148
; and relocation of Castri residents,
262
–
63
; structures and dedications damaged by,
156
,
212

Echecrates of Thessaly,
13

economics: archaeology as international business,
265
–
66
; costs of reconstruction after fire,
95
–
96
; currency,
77
,
159
,
159
,
199
; Delphi as cultural rather than financial power,
206
; Delphi as resource poor site,
38
; donations and support of Delphi,
156
,
192
; evidence of economic crisis in Greece,
148
; fees or price of oracle consultation,
16
–
17
,
85
,
141
,
174
,
210
; festivals and,
188
; oracle as business,
33
,
70
,
85
,
96
–
97
,
143
,
187
,
360n46
(
see also
fees or price of oracle consultation
under this heading
); purchase of offering goods,
16
–
18
; Pythian games as enterprise,
236
–
37
; Roman financial administrators at Delphi,
215
; and secular habitation of Delphi,
143
; of slavery and manumissions,
355n58
,
355n59
; tax to consult oracle,
85
; trade,
46
–
48
,
52
–
53
,
68

Egypt,
173
,
176
; control of Greek territories by,
184
; support of Delphi by,
96

Elatea,
161

Eleusis,
161

Elgin,
256

Elis,
140

“E” (mysterious inscription),
203
–
4
,
217
–
18

entryways into sacred space,
66
,
103
,
242
,
246
,
294
,
347n28

Ephialtes,
120

Ephorus,
35
,
72

Epidamnus,
133

Epidaurus,
165

epimeletai (overseers),
183
,
203
,
207
,
356n1
; Delphians as,
213

Epirus,
173
; dedications by,
175
,
177

Eponymous,
178

Etruscans,
123
,
127

Euboea: pottery from,
53

Euchidas of Palatea,
119

Eudamus of Nicopolis,
207

Eudocus,
188

Eumeneia festival,
192
,
220

Eumenes II of Pergamon,
185
–
86
; dedication at Delphi,
188
; monument erected honoring,
192
; Perseus and attempted murder of,
189
; relationship with Delphi,
187
–
88
; as Roman ally,
192
; statue of, location,
16

Eumenides
(Aeschylus),
15

Euripides,
25
,
34
–
35
,
135
,
136

Eurylochus,
72

Eurymedon,
128

Eusebius,
11
,
242
–
43

Evans, Arthur,
43

Evans-Pritchard, Edward,
26

exegetai pythochrestoi (interpreters of sacred law and ritual),
81

feathers and beeswax, temple of,
36

festivals at Delphi,
152
,
351n18
; 20th century revival of,
277
; adjustments to Delphic festival calendar,
173
; Alcesippeia,
188
,
220
; Athenian Pythaïs,
194
–
95
,
204
,
299
; Attaleia,
192
,
220
; Charila,
221
; Dodekais,
204
,
212
–
13
; Eumeneia,
192
,
220
; Herois,
221
; monthly,
220
; Plutarch on religious calendar,
219
–
20
; and reputation of Delphi,
287
; Romaia,
187
,
220
,
350n14
; Sebasta,
220
; Septerion,
221
; Soteria,
173
,
175
–
76
,
220
,
348n41
,
354n52
; Theoxenia,
220
.
See also
Pythian games

fines,
149
–
50
,
154
,
159
,
196

fire: Athenian Pythaïs festival and,
194
; Delphi as hearth of Greece,
119
–
20
,
122
; at Delphi extinguished by northern tribes,
199
; and destruction at Delphi,
51
,
64
,
90
,
93
–
94
; reconstruction after fire of 548,
94
–
98
; sacred hearth in Delphi,
15
,
17
,
19
,
194
,
312n26

First Macedonian War,
180

First Punic War,
175

First Sacred War,
71
–
74
; Amphictyony and,
144
–
45
; literary tradition and,
160

Flavius Aristotimus, T.,
224

Flavius Constantius,
242

“forced” prophecy,
20
–
21
,
311n13

Forrest, George,
62
,
63

“fortune telling,”
30

Foucart, Paul,
263
,
264
,
266

Fountain spring,
262

Fourth Sacred War,
161
–
62

Frangos, Dimos,
260
,
263
,
264

fraud, oracle as,
22
–
23
,
27
–
28

French School in Athens,
262
,
263
,
264
,
266
,
267
,
269
,
275
,
277
,
369n37
,
372n34

Fufius Calenus, Q.,
200
,
355n60

Fulvius Nobilior, M.,
187

Gaia,
33
–
35
,
39
,
41
,
44
,
87
,
104
,
132
,
295
; “Chapel of Gaia,”
68
; Delphi as cult site,
102
,
132
,
295
; Demeter, sanctuaries dedicated to,
77
–
78

Galba,
210

Galen,
232

Gallienus,
208
,
238
,
364n37

games.
See
athletic competitions

Gauls, invasion of,
170
–
71
,
346n25

Gell, William,
253
,
255
; drawing of Castri by,
254

Gellius Menogenes, L.,
240

Gelon of Gela,
114
,
116
,
122
–
23
; dedications by,
151

geography of Delphi: aerial views,
2
,
3
; earthquakes,
145
,
156
,
170
,
212
,
242
–
44
,
262
,
340n15
; and explanations for inspiration of the Pythia,
23
–
24
,
242
–
43
,
284
; and isolation of Delphi,
38
,
143
; map of Delphi and immediate surroundings,
xvi
;
pine trees planted,
277
; research on,
373n36
; rock falls,
275
,
283
,
292
,
Plate VIII
.
See also
earthquakes

George I, King of Greece,
262

Gephyraei,
202

German Archaeological Institute,
261

Germany: attack on Delphi during W.W.II,
282

Giantomachy (Siphnian treasury),
107
,
298

Giantomachy (Temple of Apollo),
102

glass,
68
,
361n6

Glaucus,
85

goats, sacrifice of,
15
,
20
–
21

gods worshipped at Delphi,
2
,
103
–
4
,
287
.
See also
Specific gods

gold: Alexander I of Macedon, golden statue of,
122
,
151
; Croesus and dedications of,
83
–
84
,
93
,
151
; “E,”
204
,
217
; lion,
84
,
93
,
151
; mines of Siphnos,
105
–
6
; on palm tree dedications,
121
,
128
,
137
; Perseus, golden statue planned by,
190
; tripod of Plataean serpent column,
121
,
151
,
228
; vessels as dedications,
84
,
175
; vessels used in oracle consultation,
151
–
52

Gordian III, Emperor,
237
,
238

Gorgias of Sicily,
142

Gortyn,
214

grammarian, dedication honoring,
214

Great Rhetra (Spartan constitution),
56

Greco-Turkish War,
272

Greek Archaeological Society,
258
,
261
–
62
,
263
,
264
; administration of Delphi site,
275

Greek Civil War (1947–49),
282

Guide de Delphes,
291

Guys, Pierre Augustin,
257

Gyges of Lydia,
58
,
321n21

gymnasium,
157
–
59
,
292
; baths, library, and dining room constructed,
213
–
14
; Christian church constructed on site,
292
; construction on site of,
245
–
46
; graffiti inscribed on columns,
256
; location of,
Plate I
; reconstruction illustrating,
158
; running track,
213
,
224
–
25

gymnasium complex,
213
–
14

Hadrian,
215
,
299
; consultation of the oracle by,
224
; and cult of Antinous Propylaius,
104
,
224
; and Delphi,
222
,
223
–
28
; and government of Delphi by damiourgoi,
226
,
239
–
40
; Panhellenion,
227
–
28
,
234
; statue of,
223
–
24
,
242

Hale, first name,
284

Hamilton, Gavin,
252

Hamilton, George, Earl of Aberdeen,
255

Hamilton, William,
255

Heliodorus,
1
–
2
,
6
,
236

Helios, Rhodian statue of, location,
16
,
160

Helladic periods,
43

Heracleia Pontice,
24
,
86

Heracles,
74
,
104
,
108
,
113
,
298
–
99
,
316n27
,
320n8

Herculaneum,
252

Hermes: cult practices at Delphi,
154

Herodes Atticus,
229
–
30
,
231
,
235
,
362n18
Herodotus,
18
,
26
–
27
,
56
,
58
,
60
–
61
,
63
; on Alcmaeonids,
98
; on construction of temple,
100
; consultations mentioned in,
85
; on dedications,
87
–
88
; on fire of 548
BC
,
94
; on Peisistratids,
99
; on Persian Invasion,
116
; on Siphnians,
105
–
6
,
108

heroes: at battle of Marathon,
129
; Delphi and identification of,
179
; Delphi as worship site for,
104
,
110
,
125
–
26
; ghostly warriors,
112
,
116
; tribal heroes of Athens selected by Delphic oracle,
113

Herois festival,
221