Death of a Dissident (64 page)

independence declared by, 85, 86

Islamist factions in, 106, 134, 144, 151-54, 186-88, 215, 288, 310, 312, 313

kidnappings in, 109, 117, 134, 144, 151-54, 216

Novye Atagi and Grozny executions as provocations in, 105

oil pipeline reopening in, 112-14

presidential election in, 105-6

Russian atrocities in, 201

Russian-led referendum in, 273, 275

Russian peace negotiations with, 99-104, 106, 108, 138

Chechen War, First, 24, 31, 39, 47-48, 51, 53, 54, 65, 85-95, 246-47

cease-fire broken in, 82

cease-fire in, 77, 85-86

formal ending of, 106-8

FSB and, 31, 39, 59, 88-95, 151-54, 246-47, 272

Islamic fighters in, 86, 90, 92, 101

Khasavyurt Accord and end of, 85, 94-95, 102, 104

Pervomaiskoye siege in, 59, 72, 88-91, 93, 107

rebel seizure of Grozny in, 69

Russian army atrocities in, 247

URPO as outgrowth of, 121, 123

Chechen War, Second, 159, 175, 177, 186-89, 194, 195-96, 203, 252, 260, 275, 328-29

Beslan massacre and, 310-11

Chechen cease-fire in, 312

FSB and, 154, 190-91, 198-99, 215-17, 273, 289

G7 summit protests and, 242

Moscow apartment bombings and, 189-91, 198-99, 215-17, 246-47, 291-92

peace initiatives in, 287-313

Russian army atrocities in, 201, 236-37, 241, 273, 304

Russian casualties in, 238, 288

Chelyabinsk, Russia, 337

Chernobyl nuclear disaster (1986), 327, 348

Chernomyrdin, Viktor, 51, 98, 123, 140, 164

Chechen peace negotiations and, 102, 138

Chechen-Russian oil pipelinereopening and, 113-14

election of 1996 and, 62, 66, 69-71, 75-76

Gazprom deal and, 110, 111, 112, 114-15

Lebed’s “Russian Legion” memo and, 99

Skuratov scandal and, 162

Soros’s meeting with, 69-71

wiretapping of, 71-72

Christie, Agatha, 320

Chubais, Anatoly, 32, 36, 45, 52-54, 56

Berezovsky as opponent of, 116-17, 123

election of 1996 and, 62-63, 65, 67, 68, 76-77, 78, 79-80, 81

election of 1999 and, 194

election of 2000 and, 111, 164

Kulikov and, 97-98

Potanin and, 110-11

Russian economic crisis and, 139

Soros and, 47-49, 116-17

Svyazinvest deal and, 116, 123

Yeltsin and, 63, 76-77, 97-98, 116-17, 123, 126, 345

Zakayev and, 294-95

Clinton, Bill, 4, 63, 207

CNN, 256

Comecon, 60

Communist Party, 47, 48, 49, 52, 56, 241

attempt at banning of, 75-77

Duma and, 33, 34, 51, 52, 70, 136-37, 139, 144, 154, 172, 265

election of 1996

and, 62, 63-64, 65, 66, 68-71, 73, 75-77, 78

election of 1999 and, 194

election of 2000 and, 164, 172

oligarchs as natural opponents of, 116-17

Red Army and, 86

“Complicated Kremlin Scorecard, A” (Ignatius), 207

Congress, U.S.:

Chechen conflict and, 288

Russian opposition movement and, 310

Constitution, Russian, 99, 106, 158, 191, 205

Council of Europe, 271, 275

Council on Foreign Relations, 216

Crown Prosecution Service, British, 321, 335, 341

Daewoo, 56

Dagestan, 104, 144, 160, 175, 177, 187-88, 189, 190, 215, 216

Darwinism, social, 180

Davos, Switzerland, 47-48, 59-62, 63-64, 69

Davos Pact, 65-67, 109, 110, 116-17, 172

Defense Ministry, Russian, 54

Chechen conflict and, 88

GRU intelligence service of, 95, 96, 120, 142, 198-99, 340

Dekkushev, Adam, 215, 262, 270, 279, 283

Democratic Union, 308

Denmark, Zakayev’s arrest in, 290-96

dioxin, 320

“director corps,” 52

Dmitry, Prince of Russia, 254

Dorenko, Sergei, 131, 132, 137, 234-36

draft (conscription), 305-6

Dudayev, Dzhokhar, 31, 86-88, 91, 108

assassination of, 77, 91-92, 96, 120, 224

Dudayeva, Alla, 91-92

Litvinenko’s questioning of, 93-94

Duma, Russian, 37, 75, 140

anticorruption committee of, 133

Belovezh Agreement denounced in, 70, 71

Chechen peace movement in, 91, 289, 290

Communist Party and, 33, 34, 51, 52, 70, 136-37, 139, 144, 172, 265

election of 1999 and, 192, 194, 234

election of 2003 and, 240, 278, 281

foreign assassination and, 315

Lebed’s “Russian Legion” memo and, 98

Litvinenko poisoning and, 328-29

Moscow apartment bombings and, 251, 257, 262-63, 265-66

opposition movement and, 240, 251, 271

plot for dissolving of, 75-77

Politkovskaya murder investigation and, 321, 328-29

Putin’s federal restructuring and, 205-6, 208

Ryazan bomb scare and, 198

Dushuyev, Duk-Vakha, 303-5

Dzerzhinsky, Felix, 163, 181

Dzhabrailov, Umar, 123-24, 132, 134, 146

Edwin, King of Northumbria, 244

election of 1996, Russian, 33, 52, 59-82

Davos group and, 65-67

first-round results of, 78

mass media and, 60-62, 64, 68, 77, 79, 80-81

move for postponement of, 68, 75-77, 77-78

election of 1997, Chechen, 105-6

election of 1999, Russian, 192, 194, 234

election of 2000, Russian, 111, 163-64, 172-74, 177-78, 180-81, 192, 194, 195, 198-99, 203

election of 2003, Russian, 240, 278, 281

election of 2004, Russian, 290, 305, 306-9, 315

election of 2008, Russian, 317

Englund, Will, 196, 197

Ernst, Konstantin, 51, 234, 235

Esambaev, Mahmud, 123

Estonia, 86, 87, 250, 297

Ethelfrith (Aethelfrith), King of Northumbria, 244

Europe, Russians seeking asylum in, 11

European Court of Human Rights, 138

European Parliament, 312

Evstafiev, Arkady, 45, 79

extradition, 299

Faraday, Michael, 333

Fatherland All-Russia Coalition, 191, 192, 194

Federal Agency of Government Communications (FAPSI), Russian, 130

Federal Bankruptcy Commission, Russian, 111

Federal Counterintelligence Service (FSK), 29-31

Federalist Papers, 204

Federal Securities Commission, Russian, 111

Federal Security Bureau (FSB):

Aeroflot case and, 142, 181, 237

assassination authority of, 315

Berezovsky accused of terrorism by, 252, 287, 328-29

Berezovsky as target of, 300-303

Chernomyrdin wiretapping investigation and, 71-72

corruption in, 40-41

Dudayev assassination and, 92, 96, 120, 224

election of 1996 and, 63, 73-74, 76, 80, 81, 82

first Chechen war and, 31, 39, 59, 88-95, 151-54, 246-47, 272

FSK as predecessor to, 29

Glushkov and, 237

Internal Affairs division of, 4

as KGB’s successor, 3

Lebed secret files and, 86, 95-96

Litvinenko poisoning and, 317, 328-29, 335, 342

Litvinenko prosecution and, 185-86, 193-94

Litvinenko as target of, 19, 130-34, 270, 297, 335

Moscow apartment bombings and, 215-17, 246-47, 249, 251, 253-54, 256, 260, 265, 266-67, 270, 272, 276-77, 281-83

Moscow theater siege and, 271, 273-74, 275-76, 291-92

Most-Bank raid and, 61

organized crime and, 31, 35-36, 39-41

outside consulting by agents of, 29

Politkovskaya murder and, 328-29

Putin as head of, 3-4, 135, 136-38, 146-47, 156, 163, 181, 183, 201, 202

Rokhlin murder and, 136-37, 138

Russian opposition movement and, 250, 252

Ryazan bomb scare and, 190-91, 196-98, 217, 218, 249, 250, 254, 291

Rybkin disappearance and, 307-9

second Chechen war and, 154, 190-91, 198-99, 215-17, 273, 289

Skuratov scandal and, 158, 160-61

URPO “special tasks” unit of, 118-27, 137, 145-47, 214, 268, 342

Yushenkov killing and, 277-79

Zakayev and, 304-5
see also
Anti-Terrorist Center (ATC)

Federal Service of Okhrana (FSO), 33, 63

Federation Council, Russian, 158, 161, 191

Fedotov, Yuri, 347-48

Felshtinsky, Yuri, 212-24, 297

Berezovsky and, 217-18

Gochiyayev’s contacts with Litvinenko and, 260-62, 263-64, 265, 270, 277

Gongadze murder investigation and, 316

Moscow bombings investigation and, 242, 246, 255, 257, 260-64, 269-70, 272, 277, 279-80

Filatov, Sergei, 62, 63

Finance Ministry, Russian, 111

Financial Times
, 139, 345

First Person
, 178, 179, 180

For Human Rights, 310

France, Chechen kidnappings and, 153

Fridinsky, Sergei, 269

Furman, Dmitry, 253-54

Fyodor I Ivanovich, Czar of Russia, 251

G7 Summit, 242

Gaidar, Yegor, 345-47

gamma radiation, 327

Gang from Lubyanka, The
(Litvinenko), 165, 169, 264-66, 269

Gazprom, 71, 109-12, 114-15, 174, 208, 233, 249

General Motors, 110

Genieva, Katya, 346-47

Georgia, 87, 101, 187, 196, 270, 271, 297, 347

Pankisi Gorge in, 260-62, 269, 290

Gilded Age, 49, 56

Glushkov, Nikolai:

Aeroflot and, 141-43, 154, 161, 234, 237-38