Dear Leader (44 page)

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‘Admitted’, the xiv, xvi, xvii–xxvi, 19, 20, 24, 42, 45, 50, 61, 72, 77, 81–2, 125, 316

Annals of the Kim Dynasty
125–41

April 15 Literary Group 4–5

‘Arduous March’, the xxvi, 44, 45, 61, 316

Baekhwa-won Guesthouse 139

Bocheonbo Band 67

Carter, Jimmy 140

Chae Chang-guk xvi, xviii, xxii, 154, 256, 257

Chae Mun-deok 173

Chang-yong 101, 102, 103, 104–5, 106, 107–8, 109, 110–11, 112, 113, 114, 115–16, 117, 119, 120, 121, 122, 142, 143, 144–5, 164, 180, 181, 190, 191, 205, 212, 213, 214, 215, 218, 226, 229, 230, 291, 309

Cheon Doo-hwan 17

Chiang Kai-shek 252

China: aid to North Korea 48–9, 264; cultification of one man ceases in 100; Cultural Revolution 29, 36, 130, 131, 244; ‘dark children’ in 169; economy 222, 223, 260, 262, 264; ethnic Koreans in 29–30, 98–105, 181, 261; Kim Jong-il visits, January, 2001 262, 264; Kim Jong-il visits, May, 2000 262, 263–4; Kim Jong-il’s attitude towards 260–5; Korean War and 253; Ministry of State Security 263, 264, 302; North Korean intelligence turns it’s attention towards 261–2; North Korean refugees in 109, 167; pursuit of economic relations with South Korea 260, 264; reform of 100, 146, 148, 216, 222, 223, 264, 277; repatriation of North Korean refugees 109, 170; Shenyang Incident and 263–4; trade with North Korea xvii, 76, 78, 265; trafficking of North Korean women into 164–72

Chinese Communist Party 98, 100, 260, 263, 274, 302

Cho Myong-rok 262

Choe Tae-bok 314

Choi Hyon, General 131, 132

Choi Liang 29, 30, 31, 32, 40, 251, 270

Choi Ryong-hae 131

Chosun period 125, 288

Chosun Social Sciences Institute, Pyongyang 33

Collected Works of Lord Byron
(Byron) 32, 33–5

Confucius 70, 162

Corpse Division 48, 49

Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK) 3, 7, 9, 19, 33, 36, 153, 155, 156, 157, 261, 262, 315, 316: compartmentalised nature of system xi, 77, 129, 134; coup attempt, 1968 131; defectors from xi, 110, 113, 114, 126, 179, 193, 196, 309, 311–12; defectors to 126; dualities of x–xi, xii; economy x, xxvi, 5, 12, 43, 45, 49, 54, 64, 72, 76, 77, 82, 101, 146–7, 149, 159, 160, 172–3, 254–5, 257, 259, 265, 273–4, 275, 315; electricity supply xv, 37, 41, 56, 83, 215–16, 241; executions x, 57–9, 62, 65, 81, 172, 177, 233, 315; food supply/famine/starvation
in x, xxvi, 5, 10–11, 23, 44–59, 61, 62, 90, 147, 172–3, 188, 232–8, 254, 255, 273, 316, 317; foreign policy 252–65; freedom of movement/travel passes 43, 44, 48, 72, 76, 77–9, 85, 88; future of 314–15; guilt-by-association 67, 68, 70–1, 175; identification booklets/life-long report card 173; interrogations 67, 73, 79, 114, 171, 183, 213, 266; kidnapping of foreign citizens 152–60; map of vii; media portrayals of x; military xxiii, 3, 16–17, 18, 42, 58, 65–6, 77, 134, 136, 154–5, 174, 175, 237, 253–9, 315, 317; miraculous escapes from 311–12; mobilization of people, 2001/compulsory three-year period of military service 65–6; mother’s attempt to sell daughter in marketplace in 232–8; myth-making xi; novels in 4–5; nuclear weapons x, 158, 258, 313; official North Korean version of post-1945 history 127; poetry in ix, xi, xxii, 3, 5–6, 8, 10, 12, 13–24, 33–5, 36, 38, 39, 40, 60, 61, 62, 63, 65, 72, 88, 101, 103, 120, 125, 136, 153–4, 190, 207–8, 229, 256, 272, 282, 284, 299, 309–10; prison camps xiv, 33, 63, 67, 68, 100, 132, 138–9, 171, 175, 176, 177, 186, 217; propaganda x, 12, 13, 18, 20, 22, 25–6, 58, 64, 68, 133, 140, 141, 159–60, 177
see also
Propaganda and Agitation Department
and
United Front Department; purges of high-ranking officials x, xiv, 70, 131, 134, 172–7, 264; queuing in 42–3, 84–5; railways xvii, 41–4, 45–6, 84, 91, 159, 286; rations 10–11, 44–5, 254, 273; re-education 138–9; regulations posted in public 56; religion in 185–6; repatriation of Koreans from Japan 25–8, 54; rural 41–59; ‘self-reliance’, principle of 11, 21, 172, 186, 260, 316; trafficking of women 164–72, 224; water supply 47, 146–7; Workers’ Party
see
Workers’ Party; women, trafficking of 164–72, 224
see also under individual leader, area, strategy and institution name

‘First Class’, concept of xvii, xviii, 4–5, 186, 243

First Party Secretary xiii, xiv, xvi, 78–9, 81

Foreign Affairs Bureau 139, 155

Foreign Investigations Bureau 155

Foreign Ministry 157, 160

‘For my One and Only Homeland’ (Ri Su-bok) 35

General Political Bureau 22, 262

Grandfather Apple-Tree Cottage 51–2

‘Great Movement of the Korean People’ 25–7

Guards Command xix, xxiii, 135, 137

Hwang Byong-seo 153–4

Hwang Jang-yop 132

Hwang Jin-thaek 67, 68, 173, 175–6

Hwang Young-min: accused of murder 109–10, 115, 124, 182, 183, 192, 193, 201, 212; arrives at Musan 84–7; attempts to share notion that infallibility of North Korean system might be questioned 66–7, 68; attempts to visit family in Yanji 112, 117, 180, 181–3, 200–1, 211–12, 215, 240, 266, 267, 291; classmate of Jang Jin-sung at Pyongyang Arts School 66; crosses North Korean border 86–92, 95; death 291–2, 293, 305, 306, 311; decision to commit ‘suicide’ if caught 72; decision to go to South Korea 71–2; effect of ordeal upon 114, 117, 183, 187, 194–5, 197–201, 290; enters China 95–101; father and 67, 68, 172, 173, 175–6; Jang Jin-sung passes southern Chosun periodical to 66, 68; knowledge of Kim Jong-il’s
personal life 67–8, 111–12; losses southern Chosun periodical 69–72, 78, 79, 80; on Section Five 111–12; outlines knowledge of the Scrutiny 172; reaction to trafficking of North Korean women 161–2, 163, 164, 165, 166, 167–9, 170; retrieves Jang Jin-sung’s book of poetry 118–19, 229, 284–5, 310; separation from Jang Jin-sung 198–202, 205, 206, 208, 210, 211–12, 214, 215, 216, 218, 219, 222, 225, 228, 239, 240, 241, 249, 266, 267; tension between Jang Jin-sung and 117, 120, 198–201, 277–8; thoughts of suicide 200–1

Hyundai 199, 254, 256

Im Tong-ok xvi, xxii, 14, 15–16, 17, 19–20, 21, 22, 24, 40, 62, 65, 66, 125, 136, 153, 154, 241–3, 256–7, 259

Jang Jin-sung: ‘An Ode to the Smiling Sun’, poem written for Celebration of Kim Il-sung’s Eternal Life 19–24, 41–2, 61, 65;
Annals of the Kim Dynasty
, works on 125–41; attempts by North Korean regime to kill and threaten 313; Beijing correspondent of South Korean newspaper, contacts 295, 298–300, 302, 309; Beijing, journey from bus station to South Korean Embassy in 301–7; border, crossing of 85–92, 95–6; Chang-yong, meets 99, 100–1, 114, 121, 122, 145; Chang-yong’s mother-in-law’s house in Yanji, stays at 106–19; Changchun, arrival in 216–19, 223; childhood 25, 28–30; China, appreciation of reforms in 146, 148; China, enters 95–8; Chinese security forces search for 113–24, 192–3, 208, 222; Chinese security forces discover in Shenyang 280, 281–7; Cho-rin, meets 224–32; Cho-rin’s intended, meets 272–80; Cho-rin’s uncle’s house in Xita district of Shenyang, stays at/becomes piano tutor 240, 241, 244–51, 266–71, 280, 281–3; Cho-rin, attempts to contact from South Korea 309;
Collected Works of Lord Byron
, discovers love of poetry through 32, 33–5; decision to leave for South Korea 71–2, 73, 75–83; doubt over North Korean narrative begins 60–72; ‘Extraordinary Summons’/invited to become one of the ‘Admitted’ of Kim jong-il after writing poem in his honour ‘Spring Rests on the Gun Barrel of the Lord’ xiv, xvi, xvii–xxvi, 3, 16–19, 20, 24, 42, 61, 72, 81, 125, 256; family 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 39, 49, 54, 73–5; foreign policy, on North Korean 252–65; freedom, on risking life for 311, 313; hierarchy of respect in Korean language, on 228–9; hometown, visits 24, 25–6, 40, 41–59;
I Sell my Daughter for
100 won
, first poetry publication 309–10; identification documents 144, 152, 159, 162–4, 179, 220, 282, 299, 304, 305; karaoke bar in Yanji, visits 149–50; Kim Sang-o, discovers poetic mentor in 35–40; Kyonghoeru restaurant, Shenyang, finds help in 288, 293–4, 295–7, 309; Longjing, old man helps in 188–9, 190–4, 206, 209–14, 215, 223, 309; manuscript of poetry carried into China 72, 88, 101, 103, 118–19, 120, 190, 229, 272, 282, 284–5, 309, 310; mentor, first 29–32; military service 66; mother’s attempt to sell daughter for 100 won, on story of 232–8; mountainside in Yanji, hides on 119–24, 142–3; murder, accused of 109–10, 115, 116, 117, 124, 192, 193, 212, 300; music, love of 28–32; National Security Research Institute, Seoul, becomes a senior analyst at 309, 310;
New Focus
, sets up 310;
New York Times
op-ed, April,
2013 310; nightmares after settling in South Korea 312; period of flight from Chinese and North Korean authorities 310–11; personal peace in waging war against despotism 313; Poetry Parnassus, London, 2012, takes part in ix–x, 310; politeness markers in Korean language, on 144–5; Pyongyang Arts School, enters 32, 39; Pyongyang to North Korean border (Musan), journey from 75, 82–3, 84–5; religion in North Korea, on 185–7; return of money from Chang Yong’s wife, asks for 212–14; sauna in Yanji, visits 146–9; seed-bearing strategy, learns of 152–60; ‘7.1 Measures’, on 273–4; Shenyang to Beijing, bus journey from 295, 296, 297–8, 300–1; Shenyang, bus to 214–15, 219–20; Shenyang, revisits 309; Shin Gwang-ho and
see
Shin Gwang-ho; South Korean citizen, life as 308–10; South Korean consulate in Shenyang, contacts 219–22; South Korean embassy in Beijing, attempt to get to 221, 222, 225, 226, 239; South Korean literature, reading of 8–9, 10, 17, 63–72, 126–41; southern Chosun periodical, lends to Young-min 66–7; southern Chosun periodical, questioned over missing 79–82; southern Chosun periodical, Young-min losses 69–70; statement detailing family relations and what intelligence can be passed on to the South Korean government, writes 152; surrender, considers 212; ‘The Most Delicious Thing in the World’ 207–8; ‘The Prisoner’ 59;
The Songs of
a Blessed Generation
, poems included in and 39; trafficking of North Korean women, on 164–72, 224; travel pass, acquires 76–8; UFD career xiii–xxvi, 5–24, 40, 61–72, 75, 78–82, 125–41, 144, 153–60, 185–7, 254–65, 288, 294, 296
see also
United Front Department; wife and child 313; Xita Church, attempts to find help in 288–91, 293; Yanji, bus ride into 101–5, 106; Yanji churches, search for refuge in 184, 187, 193–7, 210; Yanji to Shenyang, journey from 205–23; Young-min retrieves book of poetry 118–19, 120, 229, 284–5, 310; Young-min, separated from 199–202; Young-min, reaction to death of 291–2, 293; Young-min, tension with 117, 120, 198–201, 277–8; Young-min’s attempt to contact family in Yanji and 180–3; Young-min’s movements after separation, hears news of 211–12

Jang Song-thaek x, 174, 175, 314, 315

Japan xvii, xx, 5, 7, 8, 18, 25–8, 35, 36, 41–2, 53, 54–5, 77, 98, 100, 112, 127, 130, 152–4, 156, 157–60, 180–1, 242, 243, 253, 261, 316, 317

Jiang Qing 130, 133

Jochongryon (Association of Chosun People in Japan) 27, 156, 160, 261, 316

Ju Yun-bal 271–2, 275, 276, 277, 279, 282, 283

Juche
philosophy 21, 33, 65, 126, 127, 132, 186, 260, 316

Jung Ha-chul 15

Jung Joo-young 254, 256

Jung-hyaun 168

Kaesong Industrial Complex 259

Kang Sok-ju 38

Kim Chang-bong 131

Kim Dae-joong 253, 255, 258

Kim Du-nam 138–9

Kim Il-chul 258, 262

Kim Il-sung (Great Leader/Supreme Leader):
Annals of the Kim Dynasty
and 125, 128, 129; anniversary of death/‘Celebration of Kim Il-sung’s Eternal Life’ 19–20, 126; armed coup against, 1968 131; birthday 20–1, 53,
126, 128, 187; builds up strength of military after Korean War in order to entrench his power 154; children of supporters excluded from Central Party 136–7; cultification of 130, 131, 133, 185, 217; death xxvi, 13, 19, 20, 126, 139, 141, 173; early years 128; First Class Citizen xvii; ‘Great Movement of the Korean People’ and 25–6; guerilla leader in anti-Japanese resistance 27, 36, 127, 130, 141, 180–1; use of language in North Korea and 34, 144; humiliation of by Kim Jong-il/re-education of Kim Du-nam and 138–9; Kim Jong-il keeps up pretence of good relations with 139–40; invasion of South Korea 129;
Juche
calendar and 126–7; Kim Jong-il refuses to fulfill burial requests 141; Kim Sang-o and 35–7 40; Koryo Confederation strategy 155; love of novels 4–5; pursuit of peaceful unification of Korea/approval for inter-Korean summit 140–1; required to offer up a personal ode of praise on his son’s fiftieth birthday 139; sinking of
Titanic
and birth of 13; UFD and 6; usurpation by/succession struggle with Kim Jong-il 129–41;
With the
Century
(memoir) 4–5, 112

‘Kimilsungism’ 132, 133

Kim Jong-il (The General) xiv; Admitted and 19, 39, 81–2, 316; ‘An Ode to the Smiling Sun’ 20–4;
Annals of the
Kim Dynasty
and 125, 126, 127, 128, 129– 41; appearance xxiv; arms deals and 77; as ‘dictator’ 3–4; begins career in Propaganda and Agitation Department, not Organisation and Guidance Department 130–1; bodyguards xiv, xv, xvi; China, hatred of 260–5; crying of xxv–xxvi; death 314; death of father and xxvi, 141; declares Sino-DPRK border as an ideological border 261; dependence of North Korean state on Workers’ Party, engineers 133; elevates authority of OGD and PAD 132–3; encouragement of cultification of the Kim Il-sung supports own party based powers 133; Eundok Village and 241, 242, 243; excludes children of supporters of father from Central Party 136–7; exclusion from prospect of leadership 130; executive chain of command 15; father required to offer up a personal ode of praise on fiftieth birthday of 139; opposes father’s pursuit of peaceful unification of Korea/approval for inter-Korean summit 140–1; foreign policy/strategy 252–65; funeral 314; gives gifts to senior cadres three times a year 53–4; growth of power 131–5; holiday homes 111–12; humiliates father 138; ‘I rule through music and literature’ 3; Jang Jin-sung meets xiv, xvi, xvii–xxvi; 2002 DPRK-Japan summit and 157–60;
Juche
Art Theory 33;
Juche
philosophy and growth of power 132; kidnappings of foreigners and 155, 156, 157, 158, 159, 160; ‘Kililsungism’ and 132, 133; ‘Localisation’ and 155; love of people for 229; ‘loyalty remittances’ paid to 77; luxurious lifestyle of 61; merciless rule by purging (‘side-branch’ notion) 136–7, 317; military provocations against South Korea and 256, 257, 258–9; Ministry of State Security and 132–3; mobilization of people, 2001/compulsory three-year period of military service 65–6; North Korean Language and 34, 144; off-the-cuff apology for kidnappings of Japanese citizens 159–60; orders North Korean companies to cease trading with Chinese companies, 2002 265; orders staff at embassy in Beijing to prepare for withdrawal 263; personal
wealth 15; personal/sex life 67–8, 70, 110–12; poetry literary vogue under 5, 13; poetry presented to on fiftieth birthday 38, 39; oath of loyalty to 40; power over cultural identity of people 3–4; railway and 41, 42; refuses to fulfill father’s burial requests 141; sanctifies Jang Jin-sung after being moved by poem written in his honour 3, 18–19; Scrutiny and 172, 173–4, 175, 176, 177; Section Five and 110–12, 317; secures place in OGD 131; Shenyang Incident and 263–4;
Songun
or ‘Military-First’ policy and 16, 18; step mother and 129, 130; ‘Sunshine Exploitation’ Strategy and 255; takes away inter-Korean diplomatic and business privileges of the military and transfers them to the Workers’ Party 154–5; Teacher Dear Leader title 195; ‘Three Great Revolutionary Goals’ 131; United Front Department (UFD) and 8–9, 12–14, 15, 16, 18, 40; university days 129–30, 137; usurpation of father 129–41; visits China, January, 2001 262, 264; visits China, May, 2000 262, 263–4; visits Chinese Embassy in Pyongyang, 5th March, 2000 262–3; Wangjaean Orchestra 67–8