Da Vinci's Ghost (34 page)

Figure 42
: Brain ventricles.
From
Margarita philosophica
(1503), by Gregor Reisch (Rosenwald 595 Rosenwald Coll). Courtesy of the Rare Books and Special Collections Division, Library of Congress.

Figure 43
: Brain ventricles (Leonardo).
The Royal Collection © 2011, Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II (RL W12603
r
).

Figure 44
: Proportions of the human body (Leonardo).
The Royal Collection © 2011, Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II (19133
r
).

Figure 45
: Vitruvian Man (Martini).
Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana, Florence (MS 282, Ashburnham 361, fol. 5
r
). Courtesy of the Ministry for the Public
Good and Cultural Activities. All further reproduction is prohibited. Photo: Donato Pineider.

Figure 46
: Vitruvian Man (Ferrara).
Biblioteca Ariostea, Ferrara (Cart. Sec. XVI, fol. Figurato, Classe II, n. 176, fol 78
v
).

Figure 47
: Superimposed Vitruvian Men.
© Toby Lester.

Figure 48
: Proportions of the human body and foot (Martini).
Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana, Florence (MS 282, Ashburnham 361, fol. 15
v
). Courtesy of the Ministry for the Public Good and Cultural Activities. All further reproduction is prohibited. Photo: Donato Pineider.

Figure 49
: Motion study (after Leonardo?).
The Pierpoint Morgan Library (MA 1139, fol. 6).

Figure 50
: Skylab III logo.
Wikimedia Commons.

Figure 51
: Italian euro.
Wikimedia Commons.

Figure 52
: Parodies of Vitruvian Man.
Google Images search.

Figure 53
: Hands and feet of Vitruvian Man.
Gallerie dell’Accademia, Venice. Courtesy of the Ministry for the Public Good and Cultural Activities. All further reproduction is prohibited.

Numbers in
italics
indicate Figures.

A

Abbas, Haly:
Dispositio regalis
166

Abelard, Peter
126
–27

Adam
50
,
116
,
167
,
191
, Psl.
2
,
5

aether
33

ages of man, four Pl.
2

Agrippa, Marcus
45

Alan of Lille
60
,
128
,
173

Alberti, Leon Battista
95
,
116
,
154
,
156
,
158
,
173
,
196
,
216

and Filarete
155

finitorium
(“definer”)
88
–89,
89

and Francesco’s
Treatise
10
–11

and the godly nature of the human spirit
86
–87

a leading light of the early Italian Renaissance
81

and proportions of the human body
87

Momus
91

On Painting
81
–83,
109
–10,
150
,
163

On Sculpture
88
–91,
89
,
90
,
91
,
150
,
191
,
209
,
214

On the Art of Building, in Ten Books
145
,
146
–53,
194

Albertus Magnus, St.
105
,
173

Albumasar
173

Alcabitius
173

Alexandria
58

Aliprando, Vincenzo
202

Amadeo, Giovanni Antonio
2

anagogy
127
,
128

anatomy
58
,
59
,
60
,
106
,
173
,
185
,
188
,
196
,
209
,
216

Alberti’s advice
163

anatomical texts
175
,
176
,
177
–78

and architecture
10
,
38
,
40
,
156
,
157
,
158
,
181
,
223

dissections
xiv
,
159
–67,
165
,
181
,
183
–85,
185
,
188

Ghiberti on
163

Leonardo’s proposals for his
On the Human Body
179
–80

of the microcosm
179

Mundinus’s treatise
162
–64

Verrocchio’s teaching
163

Anaxagoras
119

anthropometry
190

Antonio da Vinci
63
–64

Antony, Mark
14

Apollo (sun god)
24

Aquinas, St. Thomas
105
,
173

Arabs
46
,
105
,
166
,
167
,
170
,
173
,
177
,
186

Archimedes of Syracuse
114

architect

Alberti on role of
149

Vitrivius on the role of
29

Vitruvius’s broad definition
26

architecture

analogies with anatomy
156
,
157
,
158

and anatomy
10
,
38
,
40
,
156
,
157
,
158
,
181
,
223

as
the
defining human art
26
–27

origin of the term
25

Argyropoulos, Joannes
95

Aristotle
28
,
52
,
53
–54,
95
,
105
,
167
,
173
,
180
,
181
,
188

armillary sphere
83
,
84

Arno River
67

Artery Man
58

artist-engineers
114
,
116

Brunelleschi as an artist-engineer
112

Leonardo as an artist-engineer
94
,
109

astrology, astrologers
33
,
55
,
58
,
102
,
175

astronomy
26
,
28
,
48
,
54
,
95
,
173

augury
14
–15,
30
,
31
,
32

Augustine, St.
52
,
105
,
173

The City of God
181
–83,
190
–91

Augustus, Emperor
xiii
,
143

appearance
19
–20,
20
,
21
,
22
,
23
–24,
33

and the body of empire
18
,
19
,
21

and coinage
19
–21,
20
,
23

embodies Rome
18
,
24

growing sphere of influence
17
–18

his name
14
–15

as Octavius
14
,
19
–20,
20
,
223

Prima Porta statue
22
,
23
–24

restoration of Rome
14
,
16
–17,
25

as the son of a god
20

style guides and rule books
24

as Vitruvian Man
40
–41,
47
–48

and Vitruvius’s
Ten Books
25
,
29
,
41
,
146
,
148

Averoes
173

Avicenna
188

B

barber-surgeons
175

Beauvais cathedral
138

Bede, Venerable
49
,
50
,
55
,
105
,
127
,
173
,
174

Benci, Ginevra de’
97

Benedetto of the Abacus
95

Berneri, Giovanni Agostino
1
,
195

Bible, the
33
,
49
,
94
,
127

Biblioteca Comunale Ariostea, Ferrara
202

biology
35
,
53

Bloodletting Man
175
,
176

Boccaccio
170

body of empire
see under
empire

Bone Man
58
,
59
,
175

Bossi, Giuseppe
219

Botticelli, Sandro
97

Bracciolini, Gian Francesco Poggio
62
,
148

Bramante, Donato
143
–45,
144
,
149
,
156
,
215
,
224

Brunelleschi, Filippo
xiv
,
3
,
67
,
70
,
82
,
95
,
109
–12,
114
,
115
,
115
,
121
,
125
,
134
,
140
–41,
146
–47,
153

butterfly effect
119

Byzantines
46

C

Caesar, Julius
13
,
14
,
20
,
143

Cambio, Arnolfo di
110

Cardano, Fazio
172

cardinal directions, four
133
, Pl.
2

the city set square with
31

cosmos set square with the
30
,
31

cardo
31
,
32

cardo maximus
31
,
32

Caterina (Leonardo da Vinci’s mother)
63
,
66

cathedrals of Europe

cruciform churches evoking idea of the human body
131
–32

enduring visions of the microcosm
128
,
130
–31

French style
129
,
130

geometrical symbolism
133

Gothic
130

Italian Renaissance style
129
–30

master builders
128
,
129
,
136

and Villard de Honnecourt
133
–36,
135

cell doctrine
185
–86,
187

Cennini, Cennino:
The Craftsman’s Handbook
73
,
74
–75,
76
,
82

Ceolfrith
45
,
46

Chartres cathedral
132

chemistry
160

Christ

abbreviation for Pl.
2

and the armillary sphere
83
,
84

body of empire
45
–46,
61

on the cross
75
,
131
,
197
,
216

in Ebstorf mappamundi
60
–61, Pl.
4

as embodiment of the microcosm
56
,
57
,
58

and Hildegard
50
,
116
,
191
, Pl.
5

in Lambeth Palace world map
xi

and the planets
56
,
57

Vitruvian Man’s resemblance to
47
–48,
61
,
203

Christianity, geometrical symbolism in
xiii

Chrysoloras, Manuel
111
–12

Church Fathers
47
,
170

Cicero
62
,
104
,
173

God as architect of the world
28
–29

on Polykleitos’s
Spear Bearer
22

Dream of Scipio
85

On Rhetoric
24
–25

circle, the

and augury
32

Cicero on
27
–28

and the city
30

human body fitting inside both a circle and a square
xi
,
xii
,
116
,
197
,
198
,
203
,
206
,
209
–10,
212
,
216
,
217

representing the cosmic and the divine
xii

square as a complement to
29
–30

symbolism
27
,
211

and Taccola
116

in Vitruvius
xi
,
27
,
39
,
40

city, the

cardinal directions
31
,
32

and the circle
30

Clark, Kenneth:
The Nude: A Study in Ideal Form
220

Codex Huygens
214
,
215

coinage
19
–21,
20
,
23

Colonia Augusta
32

Columbus, Christopher
96

commonplace books
117
–18

compass dividers
27
,
40
,
116
,
132
,
161
,
206
,
207
,
222

Constantine the Great
49

Constantinople
45

fall of (1453)
95

Hagia Sophia
111
–12

Corinthian order
26

Corsali, Andrea
161

cosmic order, and Augustus’s body of empire
24

cosmography
60
,
131
,
180